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Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor
ISSN : 24070475     EISSN : 23388439     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian dengan No. ISSN 2338-8439, pada awalnya bernama Buletin Keteknikan Pertanian, merupakan publikasi resmi Perhimpunan Teknik Pertanian Indonesia (PERTETA) bekerjasama dengan Departemen Teknik Mesin dan Biosistem (TMB) IPB yang terbit pertama kali pada tahun 1984, berkiprah dalam pengembangan ilmu keteknikan untuk pertanian tropika dan lingkungan hayati. Jurnal ini diterbitkan dua kali setahun. Penulis makalah tidak dibatasi pada anggota PERTETA tetapi terbuka bagi masyarakat umum. Lingkup makalah, antara lain: teknik sumberdaya lahan dan air, alat dan mesin budidaya, lingkungan dan bangunan, energi alternatif dan elektrifikasi, ergonomika dan elektronika, teknik pengolahan pangan dan hasil pertanian, manajemen dan sistem informasi. Makalah dikelompokkan dalam invited paper yang menyajikan isu aktual nasional dan internasional, review perkembangan penelitian, atau penerpan ilmu dan teknologi, technical paper hasil penelitian, penerapan, atau diseminasi, serta research methodology berkaitan pengembangan modul, metode, prosedur, program aplikasi, dan lain sebagainya.
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Articles 632 Documents
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Karakteristik Edible Film dari Pektin Hasil Ekstraksi Kulit Pisang Muhammad Sudirman Akili; Usman Ahmad; Nugraha Edhi Suyatma
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

Abstract Banana peel is a waste of banana processing industries which is obviously uneconomy and unfriendly to the environment.  However, this material could be used as a source of important natural compounds, such as pectin. Owing to the fact that pectin has good gelling properties, it can be used to make edible film. The objectives of this research were to extract and characterize pectin from banana peel and to make edible film from the obtained pectin by using glycerol as plasticizer. Characterization of edible films were conducted in terms of color, thickness, elongation, tensile strength and water vapor transmission. The research used factorial completely randomized design. The results showed that yield of pectin made from ambon banana peel ripeness level one was 8.42% with the characteristics werewater content : 11.27% (<12%), ash content : 1.70%, low methoxil content : 4.15% (<7%) and galacturonat content : 25.86% (65%). The addition of glycerol significantly increased elongation and decreased tensile strength of edible film. Based on edible film result, the recomended treatment is the addition with glycerol 20% as plasticizer of pectin based edible film. Keywords : banana peel,pectin,edible film. Abstrak Kulit pisang adalah limbah hasil industri pengolahan yang  tidak bernilai ekonomi dan ramah lingkungan. Meskipun limbah kulit pisang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pektin yang merupakan senyawa alami. Kenyataannya bahwa pektin memiliki sifat gel yang baik sehingga dapat digunakan untuk membuat kemasan yang dapat dimakan (edible film. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengekstrak dan mengkarakterisasi pektin dari kulit pisang untuk membuat edibe film dengan penambahan gliserol untuk memberikan sifat plastis dan elastis. Karakteristik edible film pada penelitian ini adalah warna, ketebalan, elongasi, kuat tarik dan laju transmisi uap air.  Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rendeman tertinggi terdapat pada pektin dari kulit pisang tingkat kematangan 1 dengan karakteristik kadar air: 11.27% (<12%), kadar abu : 1.70%, kandungan metoksil rendah : 4.15% (<7%) dan kandungan asam galkturonat  : 25.86% (65%). Penambahan gliserol secara signifikan meningkatkan elongasi dan menurunkan kuat tarik edibe film. Edible film dengan perlakuan penambahan gliserol 20% direkomendasikan sebagai perlakuan terbaik karena memiliki sifat plastis yang baik dan mampu mengemas bahan pangan. Kata Kunci : kulit pisang, pektin, edibe film Diterima; 27 Januari 2012; Disetujui: 30 Maret 2012  
Deteksi Chilling Injury pada Buah Mangga Gedong Gincu dengan Menggunakan Near Infrared Spectroscopy Putri Wulandari Zainal; Usman Ahmad; Yohanes Aris Purwanto
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

Abstract Chilling Injury is a major problem in storing mango fruit in low temperature wich is unavoidable in order to extend the shelf life of fruit. symptoms of chilling injury during storage associated with the change in pH due to ion leakage. Chilling injury can be detected during storage destructively, but it will require time and a lot of samples. Alternatively, the detection can be performed non-destructively by using near infrared (NIR). The purpose of this research is to build the NIR calibration models for predicting ion leakage relating with change in pH and the detection of chilling injury symptoms can be done through ion leakage storage. Reflectant NIR measurements conducted on mango fruit stored at a temperature of 8 ° C and 13 ° C. Determination of chilling injury symptoms was predicted based on change in pH and the rate of ion leakage. The analysis showed that NIR spectroscopy was able to predict the change in pH during storage of mango fruit at a temperature of 8 °C based on reflectance and PLS method. Moreover ion leakage could also be predicted properly through the pH of the NIR predictions. The developed method could detect the chilling injury on mangoes after three days storage at a temperature of 8 °C. Keywords : NIR, Mangoes fruit, chilling injury, ion leakage, pH. Abstrak Chilling injury merupakan salah satu masalah utama didalam penyimpanan dingin buah mangga, dimana penyimpanan dingin ini berfungsi untuk memperpanjang umur simpan buah. Gejala chilling injury selama penyimpanan berhubungan dengan perubahan pH yang disebabkan oleh ion leakage. Chilling injury selama penyimpanan dapat dideteksi secara destruktif, tetapi deteksi secara destruktif membutukan waktu yang lama dan sampel yang banyak. Oleh karena itu, deteksi secara non-destruktif dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan NIR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengembangkan model kalibrasi NIR untuk dapat memprediksi ion leakage yang berhubungan dengan perubahan pH dan deteksi gejala chilling injury yang berhubungan dengan ion leakage selama penyimpanan. Pengukuran reflektan NIR dilakukan pada buah mangga yang disimpan pada suhu 8 ° C and 13 ° C. Pengukuran gejala chilling injury diprediksi berdasarkan pH dan rata-rata perubahan ion leakage. Dari hasil penelitian dapat dilihat bahwa NIR-spectroscopy mampu untuk memprediksi perubahan pH selama penyimpanan dingin buah mangga suhu 8 ° C berdasarkan data reflektan dan metode PLS. Selain itu, ion leakage dapat diprediksi dengan menggunakan pH prediksi NIR. Pengembangan metode ini, dapat mendeteksi chilling injury pada buah mangga dimana pada pendeteksian chilling injury terjadi pada hari ketiga penyimpanan suhu 8 ° C. Kata Kunci : NIR, Buah mangga, chilling injury, ion leakage, pH. Diterima: 09 November 2011.; Disetuji: 13 Maret 2012  
Eksplorasi Air Tanah Di Jakarta Roh Santoso Budi Waspodo
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

Abstract The purpose of the geoelectricity resistivity survey in DKI Jakarta, i.e. in Taman Duta Cimanggis Resident and the Ministry of Environment Office is to find out the distribution of penetration zone beneath the surface. The geoelectricity method is intended to find out the depth and spread formation of the lower layer surface of the acquired resistivity value based prediction. Based on that resistivity distribution, geological subsurface conditions can then be interpreted. Hydrogeological condition in the research site was included to the aquifer system with wide range of groundwater spreads. Rocks which are expected to be aquifer in both site are sandy clay and sand. From the geoelectricity estimation observation results, the aquifer layer can be found out, i.e. in Taman Duta CImanggis Resident was in depth of 20-60 m below the ground surface with the lithological form of sand. While in the Ministry of Environment Office By Pass were in depth of 10-20 m (aquifer I layer with the lithological form of sandy clay) and 30-35 (aquifer II layer with the lithological form of sand). Keyword: Aquifer, resistivity AbstrakTujuan dari survei geolistrik resistivitas di DKI Jakarta, yaitu di Taman Resident Cimanggis Duta dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kantor adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi zona penetrasi di bawah permukaan. Metode geolistrik ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui kedalaman dan pembentukan penyebaran permukaan lapisan bawah dari prediksi nilai yang diperoleh resistivitas berbasis. Berdasarkan hal tersebut distribusi resistivitas, kondisi bawah permukaan geologi kemudian dapat diinterpretasikan. Kondisi hidrogeologi di lokasi penelitian dimasukkan ke sistem akuifer dengan berbagai menyebar tanah. Rocks yang diharapkan menjadi akuifer di situs keduanya lempung berpasir dan pasir. Dari hasil estimasi pengamatan geolistrik, lapisan akuifer dapat diketahui, yaitu di Taman Resident Cimanggis Duta berada di kedalaman 20-60 m di bawah permukaan tanah dengan bentuk litologi pasir. Sementara di Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup Kantor By Pass berada di kedalaman 10-20 m (akuifer I layer dengan bentuk litologi berpasir liat) dan 30-35 (akuifer II layer dengan bentuk litologi pasir)Kata Kunci: akuifer, resistivitas Diterima: 15 Agustus 2011; Disetujui: 18 Januari 2012  
Effect of Heat Shock Treatment and Aloe Vera Coating to Chilling Injury Symptom in Tomato (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.) . Sutrisno; Yohanes Aris Purwanto; Olly S. Hutabarat
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

Abstract This research was undertaken to determine the effect of length in heat shock and edible coating as pre-storage treatment to Chilling Injury (CI) symptom reflected by ion leakage induced and quality properties in tomato (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.). Heat Shock Treatment (HST) was conducted at three different levels of length, which were, 20; 40 and 60 min.  Edible coating was conducted using aloe vera gel. The result showed that HST and Aloe Vera Coating (AVC) were more effective to reduce CI symptom at lower chilling storage. Prolong exposure to heated water may delay climacteric peak. The length of heat shock, AVC treatment and low temperature storage significantly affected the tomato quality parameter but not significantly different for each treatment except weight loss. HST for 20 min at ambient temperature was significantly different to other treatment. Keywords: heat shock treatment, aloe vera coating, ion leakage, chilling injury, tomato Abstrak Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perlakuan panas (heat shock ) dan pelapisan bahan edibelsebagai perlakuan awal sebelum penyimpanan, terhadap gejala chilling injury (CI) yang diekspresikan sebagai terjadinya kebocoran ion (ion leakage) dan perubahan mutu pada tomat (Lycopersicon asculantum Mill.). Heat Shock Treatment (HST) dilakukan dengan pada 3 (tiga) tingkat lama perlakuan yang berbeda, yakni 20, 40 dan 60 menit. Pelapisan bahan edibel dilakukan dengan menggunakan gel lidah buaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa HST dan pelapisan lidah buaya (Aloe Vera Coating/AVC) lebih efektif dalam menurunkan gejala CI pada penyimpanan dengan suhu lebih rendah. Pencelupan pada air panas yang lebih lama dapat menunda pencapaian puncak klimakterik. Lamanya perlkuan panas, perlakuan AVC dan penyimpanan dengan suhu rendah secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap parameter mutu tomat, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata jika perlakuan tersebut bersifat tunggal, kecuali pada parameter susut bobot. Perlakuan panas (HST) selama 20 menit pada suhu ruang berbeda secara sigifikan dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Kata Kunci : perlakuan panas (HST), pelapisan lidah buaya,ion leakage, chilling injury, tomat. Diterima: 27 Oktober 2011; Disetujui: 02 Januari 2012  
Pengembangan Metoda Deteksi Rintangan untuk Traktor Tanpa Awak Menggunakan Kamera CCD Usman Ahmad; . Desrial; Mudho Saksono
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

Abstrak Kemampuan menghindari rintangan pada lahan kerja berupa pohon, batu, lubang, pematang, manusia, dan benda-benda lainnya yang tidak mungkin dilewati diperlukan oleh traktor yang dioperasikan  tanpa awak berbasis GPS.  Sistem pengindera lingkungan sekitar menggunakan kamera CCD memungkinkan untuk mendeteksi rintangan yang berada di depan traktor secaral realtime. Namun dengan kemungkinan beragamnya obyek yang ditangkap oleh kamera, pengolahan citra menjadi kompleks dan membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama sehingga tidak cocok untuk diaplikasikan. Penelitian ini mencoba mengembangkan metoda deteksi rintangan pada lahan kerja traktor tanpa awak yang lebih sederhana dengan penambahan sinar laser merah pada kamera CCD yang digunakan. Sinar laser merah yang tertahan pada rintangan memberikan informasi pada sistem pengindera bahwa di depan ada rintangan, dan jaraknya dari traktor dihitung berdasarkan prinsip phitagoras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua rintangan berjarak 1 m, 80% rintangan berjarak 2 m, dan 40% rintangan berjarak 3 m dapat dideteksi. Rintangan yang berjarak lebih dari 3 m dari traktor belum dapat dideteksi karena kekuatan sinar laser yang menurun dengan bertambahnya jarak. Akurasi  dalam pendugaan jarak secara keseluruhan untuk rintangan yang terdeteksi juga masih rendah, yaitu 67.5%. Kata Kunci: traktor tanpa awak, sistem deteksi, rintangan, pengolahan citra Abstract For unmanned tractor guided by global positioning system, ability for eluding obstacles such as trees, big stone, cavity, bund, people, and other objects in the work area is very important in order not to stop the operation.Surrounding detection system using CCD camera makes it possible for unmanned tractor to detect obstacles in front of it realtime. However, with so many different objects that may captured by the camera, it will need a lot of image processing steps that takes a lot of time so it is no longer suitable for realtime detection in application. The proposed research is aimed to develop a simpler obstacle detection method by adding a red laser pointer to the CCD camera used to capture scene in front of the tractor. The red laser light that reflected by an obstacle gives an important information in the image, and the distance of the obstacle could be calculated based on phytagoras theory. The results showed that all obstacles with 1 m distance, 80% obstacles with 2 m distance, and 40% obstacles with 3 m distance could be detected. Obstacles with more than 3 m distances could not be detected due to weak laser light for the distances. The accuracy of distance prediction for all situation is 67.5%, which is still need improvements. Key Words: unmanned tractor, detection system, obstacle, image processing Diterima: 01 November 2011; Disetujui: 04 Maret 2012  
Indikasi kerusakan dingin pada mentimun Jepang (Cucumis sativus L.) berdasarkan perubahan ion leakage dan pH Yohanes Aris Purwanto; Seiichi Oshita; Yoshio Makino; Yoshinori Kawagoe
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 26 No. 1 (2012): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.026.1.%p

Abstract

AbstractIn this study, the chilling induced in Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) stored at chilled temperature and the changes in its quality during storage period were examined. Change in ion leakage and pH were used as indicator of chilling injury symptopms. The sample of cucumber were stored at 5ºC (chilling) and 25ºC (non chilling). Percentage of ion leakage for cucumber stored at 5ºC was higher than that at 25 ºC at storage time of 3, 6 and 9 days. The increase in the rate of ion leakage at 5ºC indicates the chilling induced of cell membrane. The increasing tendency of pH was observed for cucumber stored at 5ºC with the value at storage time of 9 days were higher than that at 25ºC. The increase in pH could be thought as the change in acid content which indicate the occurrence of chilling injury. Changes in ion leakage and pH indicate the change in membrane permeability which related to chilling injury. Keywords: chilling injury, ion leakage, pH, Japanese cucumber, low temperature storage Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis terjadinya gejala chilling injury pada mentimun Jepang (Cucumis sativus L.) yang disimpan pada suhu rendah. Perubahan ion leakage dan pH digunakan sebagai indikator terjadinya chilling injury. Sampel mentimun disimpan pada suhu 5ºC (suhu rendah) dan  and 25ºC (suhu ruang). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa persentase dari ion leakage untuk mentimun yang disimpan pada suhu 5ºC lebih tinggi dibanding pada suhu 25 ºC pada periode penyimpanan 3, 6 dan 9 hari. Kenaikan laju ion leakage pada mentimun yang disimpan pada suhu 5ºC menunjukkan adanya pengaruh suhu rendah terhadap membran sel. Kecenderungan kenaikan pH terlihat pada mentimun yang disimpan pada suhu  5ºC dengan nilai lebih besar pada hari penyimpanan ke 9 dibandingkan dengan mentimun yang disimpan pada suhu 25ºC. Kenaikan pada pH menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan kandungan asam yang mengindikasikan terjadinya gejala chilling injury. Perubahan ion leakage dan pH menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan permeabilitas membran yang berkorelasi terhadap gejala chilling injury. Kata kunci: chilling injury, ion leakage, pH, mentimun Jepang, penyimpanan suhu rendahDiterima: 11 Oktober 2011; Disetujui: 20 Februari 2012 
Penggunaan Near Infrared Spectroscopy Pada Penentuan Kandungan Padatan Terlaru.t Buah Mangga Indramayu Secara Tidak Merusak Diding Suhandy; Rofandi Hartanto; Sulusi Prabawati; Yulianingsih .; Mad Yamin
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy appears as a prominent method for nondestructive fruit quality assessment. In this work, the relationship between the nondestructive NIR spectral measurements and the soluble solids content (SSC) of mango fruit was investigated. A number of 92 mango fruits (Mangifera indica var. Indramayu) were used as samples. The samples were divided into two groups, 46 samples for developing calibration model and 46 samples for performing validation. Using a portable spectrometer, spectra for each sample were acquired in absorbance mode at six different positions. The SSC of mango was measured using the digital refraktometer. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression was used to develop a calibration model. The NIR spectroscopy method successfully determined the sse of mango fruits with correlation coefficient between predicted and actual values (r) of 0.91, standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0. 74, and bias of 0.02. Keywords: NIR spectroscopy, soluble solids content, absorbance mode, nondestructive method,mangoDiterima: 18 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 17 Juli 2008
Modifikasi Mesin Penyiang dan Penggulud Tipe Bajak Dua Sayap dan Uji Kinerjanya Pada Tiga Jenis Tanah Gatot S. A. Fatah
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

The machine performance test of power weeder in the heavy soil shows that: Low cannot penetration, High rolling resistance and Gear box was very hot. The objectives research were: 1). Modification the power weeder for applied to the diversity texture of soil, 2). to know performance tne rubber wheel compare to iron wheel and 3). to know performance test the coulter. The methods used are: 1) to measure the land condition, such as: moisture content of soil, penetratIon resistance, shear stress, average mass diameter and roughness surface. 2) to test machine performance, such as: weeded percentage, rolling wheel, forward velocity, gasoline consumed and weeded capacity in the tree researches located. The result of the research were: 1) Design of the iron wheel can be applied to three kind of soil (light, moderate and heavy soil). In the heavy soil (Kendalpayak) weed percentage 58.33%, fuel consumption 1.231 hour1 and weed capacity was 13.17 hours ha-1; 2) Design of the rubber wheel can applied in the light soil (Muneng); 3). Coulter can be applied in ligh and moderate soil for the moisture content of soil was 21.70%. Keywords: Modification power weeder, iron wheel, gear box, coulter. Diterima: 5 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 28 Juli 2008
Pengaruh Ketinggian Pemangkasan Dengan Mesin Potrum Srt-03 Terhadap Torsi Pemangkasan Rumput Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon) Tiff Way 146 I Putu Surya Wirawan; I Nengah Suastawa; Nizar Nasrullah
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
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Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

Rotary mower is one of mowing tools commonly used to maintain lawn or turfgrass. Mowing height and mowing torque are important factors that should be taken into account in sustaining grass quality and designing a rotary mower. The study was addressed to recognize the influence ofmowing height to required mowing torque. The mowing torque was measured at mowing height of 2, 3 and 4 em. Measurement of mowing torque in the field was done by using a specially designed turfgrass mowing apparatus that representing rotary mowing mechanism. The apparatus was equipped with torque measurement system. The average measured torque was used to calculate the power requirement of mowing. The needs of maximum and minimum mowing torque to mow turfgrass for all mowing height were 0,68 Nm and 0,05 Nm. The average of mowing torque were 0,51 Nm, 0,24 Nm, and 0,08 Nm, at mowing height of 2, 3 and 4 em respectively. The maximum and minimum power that required for all mowing height was 196,4 watt and 14,4 watt.Keywords: mowing, rotary mower, turfgrass.Diterirna: 4 Februari 2008; Disefujui: 2 Juni 2008
Penentuan Konsentrasi Tanah Dalam Air Sungai Berdasarkan Perbedaan Warna Imam Sofi'i
Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian Vol. 22 No. 2 (2008): Jurnal Keteknikan Pertanian
Publisher : PERTETA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.19028/jtep.022.2.%p

Abstract

Information of soil erosion is very useful related with prevention action and planning in the future. The objective of this research is to determine soil concentration in water river based on colour differences using image processing and artificial neural network (ANN). Soil and water mixture image was taken using a digital camera then was processed by an image processing program. Two ANN Models were developed. The first model had 3 input parameters while the second model had 6 input parameters. Both models had altogether one output parameters of the soil concentration. The accuracy of the first model was 38% while the second one was 36%. Keywords: Soil and Water mixture, image processing, ANNDiterima: 12 Maret 2008; Disetujui: 20 Juni 2008

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