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Usman Malik
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INDONESIA
Komunikasi Fisika Indonesia
Published by Universitas Riau
ISSN : 14122960     EISSN : 2579521X     DOI : 10.31258/jkfi
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
KFI mempublikasikan artikel hasil penelitian dan review pada bidang fisika, namun tidak terbatas, yang meliputi fisika murni, geofisika, plasma, optik dan fotonik, instrumentasi, dan elektronika, dan fisika terapan (aplikasi fisika).
Arjuna Subject : Fisika dan Astronomi - Fisika dan Astronomi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 390 Documents
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Reducing free fatty acid and peroxide levels in refining used cooking oil made from activated carbon from Barangan banana peels Dian Frasisca; Ety Jumiati; Masthura Masthura
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.2.155-158

Abstract

Everyday life requires a food processing component known as cooking oil. Repeated use of cooking oil can reduce its quality and cause it to have high levels of free fatty acids and peroxides. The purpose of this study was to find out how to purify cooking oil using activated carbon made from Barangan banana peels to reduce the amount of free fatty acids and peroxide value. The activated carbon samples used in this study were sample A (5.5 g), sample B (10.5 g), and sample C (15.5 g). Sample C with 15.5 g of activated carbon had a free fatty acid test result of 0.16% and a peroxide number of 3.91 mek O2/kg which was the best result in this study, and was in accordance with SNI 01-7709-2019.
Identification of hot springs in Sungai Pinang using the Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method Lily Wandari; Usman Malik
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.1.67-72

Abstract

One of the hot spring tourist attractions in Riau Province is Sungai Pinang Village, Hulu Kuantan District, Kuantan Singingi Regency. The geothermal system at that location originates from a geological structure where faults and fractures are pathways for the transfer of geothermal fluids, so it is necessary to identify hot springs. This study aimed to determine the resistivity value of rock layers and to find out the test results for hot water sample content using pH and temperature parameters. The method used is the Schlumberger configuration geoelectric method. Data processing was carried out using progress software with the one-dimensional data type. The resistivity value of the rocks obtained in line 1 has a resistivity range of 39.77 – 594.04 Ωm with a depth of 0 – 23.02 m. Track 2 has resistivity values ranging from 28.41 – 2585.18 Ωm with a depth of 0.29 – 1.06 m. Track 3 has resistivity values ranging from 2.76 – 856.53 Ωm with a depth of 0 – 7.82 m. Interpretation results on tracks 1 and 2 found no hot water because the track's position is far from the hot springs. Hot water is found on track 3 with depths ranging from 0 – 0.04 m and 3.76 – 7.82 m.
Effectiveness of adding ZnO thin films to metamaterial structures as sensors Saktioto Saktioto; Yan Soerbakti; Ari Sulistyo Rini; Budi Astuti; Erman Taer; Rahmondia Nanda Setiadi; Syamsudhuha Syamsudhuha; Sofia Anita; Yolanda Rati
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.1.13-24

Abstract

Metamaterials are artificial materials with the characteristics of a negative refractive index and high resonance sensitivity. Advanced engineering in metamaterials can realize great potential in combination with zinc oxide (ZnO) semiconductor materials, which can increase the efficiency of sensor technology compared to other conventional material models. This research aims to investigate the optical properties and develop an invention for a hybrid sensor media based on a split ring resonator (SRR) metamaterial structure integrated with a thin layer of ZnO. The research methodology was carried out by simulation by designing and characterizing SRR metamaterials which were designed with variations in SRR patterns, geometry, substrate materials, unit cell configurations, and variations in the thickness of the ZnO thin layer. Geometry characterization of SRR metamaterials was carried out using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir electromagnetic (EM) field function approach, specifically the optical parameters permittivity, permeability, and refractive index. They are optimizing the performance of hybrid sensor components based on metamaterials and ZnO thin films using the GHz scale EM field function approach, especially in the reflection, transmission, and absorption spectrum. Analysis of metamaterial characteristics identifies the optical properties of permittivity, permeability, and negative refractive index which are increased and optimized from the thin layer integration model 200 nm thick ZnO in the SRR metamaterial structure with a 3×3 square pattern configuration at a resonance frequency of 1.889 GHz. The performance of the hybrid sensor media provides a resonant frequency of three equal bandwidths in the frequency range 2.89 – 3.52, 5.28 – 6.54, and 7.57 – 8.46 GHz. In addition, the highest absorption spectrum of 73% is at a frequency of ~8 GHz.
Production of activated charcoal from sugarcane bagasse using physical activation Mella Yolanda Alfika; Ety Jumiati; Miftahul Husnah
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.2.179-182

Abstract

Activated carbon is a material containing 85% – 95% carbon elements and is a porous solid. This activated carbon is the result of heating materials containing carbon at high temperatures but not oxidized. In this study, the material used is sugarcane bagasse, and its activator is NaOH. The purpose of this research is to examine the production of Activated Carbon from Sugarcane Bagasse with different concentrations of NaOH activator, analyze the moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon content. Carbonization is carried out using a furnace at a temperature of 500°C for 1 hour. Carbon activation is done using NaOH solution with concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.7%. Irradiation is done using a microwave with a power of 630 Watts for 20 minutes. The results of this study indicate that the NaOH concentration affects some characteristics of the activated charcoal produced from sugarcane bagasse. A NaOH concentration of 0.7% produces activated charcoal with the best characteristics, with a moisture content of 3.1%, volatile matter content of 20.4%, total ash content of 5.9%, and carbon content of 62.2%.
Earthquake vulnerability mapping based on probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in the Nias Islands, Indonesia Astri Angraeni; Lailatul Husna Lubis; Ratni Sirait; Reinhard Sipayung
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.2.131-136

Abstract

The Nias Islands are categorised as seismically active, making them susceptible to earthquakes. The Nias Islands region is situated on the ring of fire and a subduction line that experiences annual movement, which is the primary factor contributing to its susceptibility to earthquakes. The occurrence of earthquakes in the Nias Islands is supported by a documented record of 7,152 incidents with a magnitude strength more than 4 Mw from 1910 to 2022, indicating a 500-year return period. In order to assess the susceptibility of the Nias Islands region to earthquakes, a process called earthquake vulnerability mapping is conducted. This involves utilising the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) approach to calculate the peak ground acceleration value.  The investigation commences with gathering seismic events within the study region from the IRIS and BMKG catalogues. The earthquake data was subsequently transformed from magnitude to Mw (magnitude moment), and then de-clustered to isolate the primary event from the entire dataset of earthquakes. First, the a-value and b-value are calculated in order to identify the background earthquake source. Then, PSHA processing is conducted to calculate the spectral acceleration value for each predefined grid. The processing findings indicate that the peak ground acceleration (PGA) value at time 0 s ranges from 0.05 – 1.2 g, the PGA value at time 0.2 s ranges from 1 – 1.2 g, and the PGA value at time 1 s ranges from 0.4 – 0.5 g.
IoT-based noise measuring tool with FC-04 sound sensor for polyurethane dampening materials Vicha Indriany; Masthura Masthura; Nazaruddin Nasution
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.1.33-40

Abstract

Increased noise caused by human and industrial activities can cause health problems, such as stress, affecting sleep quality, and having negative effects on long-term health, usually such as hearing problems, high blood pressure, and depression. This study aims to make a noise-measuring instrument, examine the comparison of the results of sound intensity level measurements, and examine the damping ability of polyurethane. The sensor used in this study is the FC-04 sound sensor which functions as a sound intensity level meter that works by changing the sound scale to an electrical quantity. The data that has been obtained is a comparison of the measurement results using the factory standard sound level meter (SLM) and an artificial noise measuring instrument which is analyzed using the calculation of the percent deviation. As for the measurement data of the damper material polyurethane before and after, analyzed using reduction effectiveness calculations. The results of measuring the sound intensity level using the factory standard SLM and an artificial noise meter obtained an average value of the sound intensity level of 72.67 dB and 67.77 dB. From the results of the two measuring instruments, the percentage deviation of the measuring instrument is 6.7% with minimum and maximum percentage deviation values of 3.1% and 11.7%. The results of the measurement of the reduction effectiveness value of the damper material polyurethane using factory standard SLM and artificial noise measurement tools of 14.7% and 14.8%.
Design an automatic trash can using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller Anggi Kumala Dwi; Mulkan Iskandar Nasution; Nazaruddin Nasution
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.1.45-50

Abstract

Garbage is one of the biggest problems faced by many cities in the world, the lack of awareness to dispose of waste in its place causes waste to scatter and pollute the surrounding environment. This research aims to design an automatic trash bin based on the Arduino microcontroller and to find out how the automatic trash can works with the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor based on the Arduino Uno microcontroller. The design of this system uses Arduino Uno. The results of the input and output tests show that the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor has a low error rate of 1.2% at a distance of 25 cm and a high of 6% at a distance of 10 cm. The trash can opens the lid automatically at > 30 cm to detect the capacity of waste that has been disposed of into the trash container with a height of 20 cm., the proximity sensor will detect the type of waste being disposed of, and the LCD will display the type of waste that will be disposed of and the servo motor will activate the mechanical system of this device. If the trash can is full, a warning will be sent via the buzzer and the SIM800L GSM module via SMS. The working system of the automatic trash can as a whole can work well according to the design that has been made.
Design of a coffee bean dryer prototype based on the internet of things Ardian Afandi; Masthura Masthura; Nazaruddin Nasution
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.2.159-164

Abstract

Coffee is one of the plants that is widely cultivated in tropical countries such as Indonesia. Coffee plantation commodities at least contribute a lot to the Indonesian economy, which creates foreign exchange, farmer income, industrial raw materials, employment, and regional development. This research aims to design coffee bean dryer equipment using a heater as a heating element instead of sunlight for the process of drying coffee beans. When the temperature has reached 60°C, the heater will turn off briefly, and if the set time has not expired, the heater will always be alive. If the humidity does not decrease, the fan will fail. In this research, using experimental research procedures where each measurement is used effectively by each sensor so that the measurement results of each sensor are accurate. From the test results, it can be concluded that the initial weight before drying was 1000 grams, while the weight after drying was 880 grams.
Analysis of pressure distribution in cylindrical tube fluid flow using a fiber Bragg grating Annisa Ratna Pertiwi; Saktioto Saktioto; Bambang Widiyatmoko; Dwi Hanto
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 2 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.2.109-114

Abstract

Fibre optic sensors have garnered considerable attention from scientists, leading to the extensive use of optical fibres as sensors for monitoring strain and temperature. The increasing adoption of fibre Bragg gratings (FBG) can be attributed to their enhanced sensitivity and rapid transmission speed. The objective of this study is to examine the pressure distribution of FBGs within a cylindrical tube while subjected to vibrations from a loudspeaker and the presence of hot water vapour. The given options were of two scenarios, first scenario had a tube without water vapour and a heart sound, while the second scenario included a tube with water vapour and a heart sound. In this experiment, we strategically placed the FBG at 20 different points along the cylindrical tube to accurately detect strain values at each position. The outcomes derived from these two scenarios illustrate that temperature and air vapour pressure exert an influence on the occurrence of sound, with the highest level of tension found when hot water vapour and heart sounds are present.
Potential of palm frond waste as a basic material for making porous activated carbon Novi Yanti; Pharada Kresna; Muhammad Nasir; Rakhmawati Farma; Lilik Tri Hardanto; Rika Taslim; Erman Taer
Indonesian Physics Communication Vol 21, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jkfi.21.1.99-108

Abstract

Palm frond waste (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) has been successfully processed as a raw material in the manufacture of porous activated carbon through the development of tools and methods. Preparation of raw materials, drying, pre-carbonization using an energy-efficient furnace, washing, integrated pyrolysis (N2/H2O), neutralization, and conversion of carbon powder into monolith coins are the general steps for making porous activated carbon. The focus of this research lies in increasing the production of activated carbon from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale through efficiency in all aspects of production. Precarbonization and pyrolysis are important stages in increasing the scale of activated carbon production. Currently, the conversion of biomass waste into carbon is still on a laboratory scale, namely by using an electric oven which is not time efficient, not economical and not energy efficient. Increasing the scale of pre-carbonization is carried out by replacing the use of electric ovens with modified energy-saving furnaces that can increase carbon production up to 74% in a very efficient time. Furthermore, the physical activation stage (pyrolysis) is carried out in a water vapor (H2O) environment and without the addition of chemicals as activating agents, of course it is more economical and environmentally friendly. This scale-up is the main key in the development of porous carbon which has high potential for application as a component in energy storage devices, namely electrodes in supercapacitors. Through these results it is known that the fronds of palm leaves have great potential as a basic material for making sustainable activated carbon to be forwarded to an industrial scale.

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