Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
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Accurate classification of forest fires in aerial images using ensemble model
Madhuri, Ch Raga;
Jandhyala, Sravya Sri;
Ravuri, Deepthi Meenakshi;
Babu, Vunnava Dinesh
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.6527
This paper proposes a method to identify forest fires in aerial images using three different convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Unlike general approaches that make use of a single CNN to classify the images, the proposed solution uses the outcomes of different CNNs and considers the most predicted class. This method overcomes the problems associated with using a single CNN, such as low accuracy due to the drawbacks associated with that model. The three different classifiers used here are InceptionV3, VGG-16, and ResNet50. Classification is carried out based on the presence of fire or smoke features in the images. The individual predictions are combined using max-ensembling. The performance is analyzed using metrics like precision, recall, accuracy and F1-score. From the work, it was found that the combined model resulted in an accuracy of 95.8%. The results confirm that the final model provides greater classification accuracy than the individual models. The proposed method can be used to predict forest fires from live aerial images more accurately and help reduce the damage caused.
Printed circuit board and printed circuit board assembly methods for testing and visual inspection: a review
Petkov, Nikolay;
Ivanova, Malinka
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7601
Testing and visual inspection of printed circuit boards (PCBs) and printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) are important procedures in the manufacturing process of electronic modules and devices related to locating and identifying possible defects and failures. Earlier defects detection leads to decreasing expenses, time and used resources to produce high quality electronics. In this paper an exploration and analysis about the current research regarding methods for PCB and PCBA testing, techniques for defects detection and vusial inspection is performed. The impact of machine and deep learning for testing and visual inspection procedures is also investigated. The used methodology comprises bibliometric approach and content analysis of papers, indexed in scientific database Scopus, considering the queries: “PCB and testing” and “PCB and testing”, “printed circuit board assembly and testing” and “PCBA and testing”, “PCB defect detection” and “PCBA defect detection”, “PCB and visual inspection”, and “PCBA and visual inspection”. The findings are presented in the form of a framework, which summarizes the contemporary landscape of methods for PCBs and PCBAs testing and visual inspection.
Probabilistic load flow based voltage stability assessment of solar power integration into power grids
Rehiara, Adelhard Beni;
Bawan, Elias Kondorura;
Palintin, Antonius Duma;
Wihyawari, Bibiana Rosalina;
Setiawan Paisey, Fourys Yudo;
Pasalli, Yulianus Rombe
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.5651
The interconnection of renewable energies increases the complexity of modern power systems. Hence, stability assessments should be made to ensure the system’s stability after penetration. Solar power is a type of renewable energy that has become a widespread energy source among renewable energy sources. About 1 MWp of the solar power plant has been prepared to be interconnected to the IEEE 8 bus of Manokwari grid, and this paper investigates the voltage profile, power losses, and stability of the solar power plant penetration using an adaptive kernel density estimator (AKDE) and compares it to a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS)-based probabilistic load flow (PLF). About 5000 samples have been used to test the grid after the connection. Results of simulations show that the solar penetration can reduce power losses from 0.4084 MW to 0.3080 MW and 0.3045 MW by the proposed method and MCS method, respectively, and further increase the bus voltage profile. The power network has the stability to be connected to solar power, as indicated by the small stability index values of each bus. The proposed method using the AKDE method has a more accurate result in stability indices indicated by small fast voltage stability index (FVSI), line stability index (Lmn), and line stability factor (LQP) indices.
Change detection using multispectral satellite images: a systematic review of literature
Vasantrao, Chafle Pratiksha;
Gupta, Neha;
Mishra, Anoop Kumar;
Bhavekar, Girish S.;
Gupta, Madhav Kumar
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.5966
Change detection (CD) provides information about the changes on earth’s surface over a period of time. Many algorithms have been proposed over the years for effective CD of satellite imagery. This paper presents the steps to preprocess the captured satellite images, which can be used to perform predictive analysis of earth’s surface by CD techniques. To design a highly effective system for CD, it is recommended that algorithm designers select efficient algorithms from any given application. Thus, this paper presents and investigates the review of most appropriate literature on CD, where CD techniques have been presented into three groups; i) thresholding, ii) clustering, and iii) deep learning. The first two categories mainly rely on the traditional machine learning, whereas the last one exploits the state-of-the-art deep learning models. At the end, the standard methods are summarized based on advantages, limitation, and research gap.
Enhancing quality measurement for visible and invisible watermarking based on M-SVD and DCT
Kusnawi, Kusnawi;
Ipmawati, Joang;
Puji Prabowo, Dwi
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7884
This study introduces an advanced method for evaluating non-blind watermarking quality, leveraging both visible and invisible watermarking techniques grounded in principles of discrete cosine transform (DCT) and modified singular value decomposition (M-SVD). The primary focus is to refine the assessment process of watermarked images by integrating M-SVD, known for its efficacy in measuring image quality and watermarking performance. Results from the M-SVD implementation exhibit a striking resemblance to the original images. The mean squared error (MSE) values for watermarked images range from 0.0003 to 0.0168, while peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) values vary between 42.52 dB and 82.72 dB. These outcomes underscore the potential of DCT and M-SVD techniques in bolstering watermarking processes, especially in invisible watermarking contexts.
Resource allocation for device-to-device communications underlaying uplink cellular networks
Haroune, Ahtirib;
Messaoud, Hettiri;
Brahim, Lejdel
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.5773
Underlying cellular networks, device-to-device (D2D) communications are a practical network technology that can increase power efficiency and spectrum usage for close-proximity wireless services and applications. However, D2D link interference, when sharing resources with cellular users (CUs), poses a major challenge in such distribution situations. In this research, we primarily utilize wireless channel data that exhibits slowly shifting large-scale fading to conduct spectrum sharing and power allocation. The overall ergodic capacity of all cellular user equipment (CUE) links is initially considered as the optimization target in order to maximize the overall throughput of CUE links while ensuring the reliability of each D2D link. Then, the expansion of the minimum ergodic capacity is measured to ensure a more consistent capacity performance across all CUE links. We utilized algorithms that are resilient to channel fluctuations and produce optimal resource allocation. We use MATLAB, and the computer simulation validates its intended performance.
Deep convolutional neural network for Lampung character recognition
Bintoro, Panji;
Zulkifli, Zulkifli;
Fitriana, Fitriana;
Sukarni, Sukarni
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.6734
Recognition of document based, and handwritten characters has recently emerged as highly relevant field of study in the field of digital image processing. The ability to read and write Lampung script is a crucial competency as it helps preserve the language, which is a part of Indonesian culture. This research utilizes data obtained from classified documents and handwritten samples, categorized into eight types. To recognize Lampung characters, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architecture is proposed. The novelty of this architecture lies in optimizing document-based and handwritten character recognition to achieve the best performance in terms of accuracy and execution time. The proposed architecture will be compared to principal component analysis (PCA) combined with support vector machine (SVM) to evaluate its results. Experimental results using the DCNN architecture show an average accuracy of 99.3% and an execution time of 283 seconds for all data, while PCA and SVM exhibit an average accuracy of 92.9%. Furthermore, the recognition results for all data from documents and handwritten samples yield satisfactory accuracy of 98.6%. These results make the DCNN architecture suitable for use in recognizing Lampung characters and are expected to make it easier for Lampung people to recognize Lampung character.
Analysis of multi-criteria recommendation system based on fuzzy algorithm
Anaam, Elham Abdulwahab;
Haw, Su-Cheng;
Ng, Kok-Why;
Naveen, Palanichamy;
Tong, Gee-Kok
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7801
There is a gap in defining the multi-criteria decision-making issues and with recommendation techniques and theories that can help develop the modulation coefficient recommenders. The main objective of this research is to identify an in-depth examination of the category of multiple variables recommendation systems. The methodology that is used in the current study is fuzzy multi-critical decision-making to enhance the precision and appropriateness of the recommendations provided to users, and make recommendations by representing an individual's performance for the product as an ordered collection of rankings in addition to different parameters. The techniques used to make forecasts and produce recommendations using multi-criteria rankings are reviewed. In addition, we propose the multiple-criteria ranking algorithms. Experimental evaluations demonstrated that our proposed algorithms can solve the multi-criteria issues. Furthermore, the research considers unresolved problems and upcoming difficulties for the category of recommendations for multiple variables ratings.
Optimization of a CH3NH3SnI3 based lead-free organic perovskite solar cell using SCAPS-1D simulator
Rana, Md. Sohel;
Abdur Razzak, Md.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7333
In this study, a CH3NH3SnI3-based perovskite PV cell with the structure (FTO/TiO2/CH3NH3SnI3/Cu2O) was made and optimized by changing the layer thickness, defect density, and doping profile using the solar cell capacitance simulator (SCAPS) 1D simulator. To better understand how the device interface affects carrier dynamics, a synergic optimization of the device is done by altering the electron-transport layer (ETL) and hole-transport layer (HTL) materials. The light glows through the window layer of Sn2O: F, which serves as the transparent conducting oxide layer in our suggested cell construction and then travels over TiO2 as an n-type ETL. Due to its unique features, the p-type perovskite (CH3NH3SnI3) is chosen as the primary absorber layer. Lastly, Cu2O is added as an HTL before the back contact because it has a higher hole conductivity and the proper offsets for spreading the valance and conduction bands. Additionally, Cu2O-based devices outperform frequently utilized spiro-OMeTAD-based devices in terms of efficiency. According to the findings of these simulations, the optimized structure has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 41%, an open-circuit voltage of 1.32 V, a short-circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm2 and a fill factor (FF) of 90.5%. Additionally, the optimized structure has a short-circuit current density of 34.31 mA/cm2.
Prediction of global ionospheric TEC using attention based bidirectional long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit
Basavarajaiah, Shivarudraiah;
Garudachar, Raju
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7669
An accurate prediction of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) at the primary stage is essential for applications related to global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) under varying weather conditions. The previous TEC prediction schemes contribute for each time step that increases the prediction time. The eye contact phenomenon establishes a metaphorical connection which intends to capture and emphasize the attention worthy elements in a sequence. This research introduces a deep learning approach which is a combination of attention-based bidirectional long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit (Bi-LSTM GRU) to predict TEC in the ionosphere. Bidirectional LSTM is the better option for achieving durability when combined with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) to predict TEC in the ionosphere. The proposed approach is evaluated with the existing LSTM approach for root mean square error (RMSE) during training and validation. The RMSE while predicting the global ionospheric delay using the existing LSTM for 20 epochs is seen to be 0.004, whereas the existing approach achieves a training error of 0.003.