Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
Articles
2,901 Documents
Simulation analysis of equivalent circuit model of skin-electrode impedance for transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Joni Welman Simatupang;
Wilbert Wijaya;
David Tyler;
Clementine Mavridis
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 4: August 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.3080
For more than 50 years, transcutaneous electrical stimulation method has been used to cure the spinal cord injury, stroke or cerebral palsy. This method works by activating the excitable nerves, muscle fibers by electrical current stimulation through electrode to skin interface. Electrode to skin interface requires equivalent circuit to overcome the inability of measuring the skin resistivity directly. We have learned several previous models, which are from Lawler, Moineau and Keller and Kuhn. Unfortunately, Moineau model neglects the capacitance effect, while Lawler and Keller and Kuhn include capacitive and resistive nature of skin in their equivalent circuits. Both models consisted of only one parallel RC block. Therefore, this paper presents the simulation results of the proposed equivalent circuit model using two parallel RC circuits. Simulation of the proposed model is conducted in MATLAB 2015a and compared with two previous models using certain parameters. Results show that the proposed model obtained the impedance of 10.830 kΩ when it is simulated using 100Hz frequency, for Lawler model the impedance is 5.340 kΩ and Keller and Kuhn model the impedance obtained is 6.490 kΩ. The proposed model has the refined impedance compared with other models and is expected to deliver better electrical stimulation.
ASSAS: An automatic smart students attendance system based on normalized cross-correlation
Ruaa H. Ali Al-Mallah;
Dheyaa Alhelal;
Razan Abdulhammed
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 2: April 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i2.2746
A smart student attendance system (SSAS) is presented in this paper. The system is divided into two phases: hardware and software. The Hardware phase is implemented based on Arduino's camera while the software phase is achieved by using image processing with face recognition depended on the cross-correlation technique. In comparison with traditional attendance systems, roll call, and sign-in sheet, the proposed system is faster and more reliable (because there is no action needed by a human being who by its nature makes mistakes). At the same time, it is cheaper when compared with other automatic attendance systems. The proposed system provides a faster, cheaper and reachable system for an automatic smart student attendance that monitors and generates attendance report automatically.
Design compact microstrap patch antenna with T-shaped 5G application
Ali Abdulateef Abdulbari;
Mustafa Mohammed Jawad;
H. O. Hanoosh;
Murtaja Ali Saare;
Saima Anwar Lashari;
Sari Ali Sari;
Sarosh Ahmad;
Yaser Khalill;
Yaqdhan Mahmood Hussain
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 4: August 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.2935
This paper is presents a microstrap patch with a T-shaped rectangular antenna workings; the T-shaped patch operating at 3.6 GHz resonating frequency range for 5G application (from 2.9 to 4.4 GHz) repectively. The overall size of the proposed antenna is 22×24×0.25 mm3; the feeding technique using a 50 Ω feed line to the antenna. The proposed antenna is printed on compact Rogers RT 588 lz substrate having permittivity (ɛr) 2.00, loss tangent (tan δ) 0.0021, with thikness 0.2 mm. The proposed antenna introducesmany advantages like small size, low profile, and simpler structure. The characteristics such as radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, gain, current distribution, and radiation efficiency are respectively presented and discussed, using CST microwave study in simulating and analysing. Introducing a slot with a rectangular T-shaped patch antenna achieved lower frequency with 98.474% radiation efficiency and peak gain of the proposed antenna at 2.52 dB. The fractional bandwidth is 42.81% (2.90 GHz to 4.48 GHz) with a resonant frequency of 3.6 GHz and return loss at 28.76 dB. This frequency band attributessuited 5 G mobile application.
An investigation on the application and challenges for wide area monitoring and control in smart grid
Marwan Ahmed Abdullah Sufyan;
Mohd Zuhaib;
Mohd Rihan
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 2: April 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i2.2767
The complexity and dynamics of the modern power system are continuously changing due to the penetration of a large number of renewable energy sources and changing load patterns. These growing complexities have caused numerous outages around the world, primarily due to the lack of situational awareness about the grid operating states. Rectification of this problem requires advanced sensing technology to accurately capture the dynamics of the system for better monitoring and control. Measurement of synchrophasors is a potential solution to improve situational awareness in the grid. The synchrophasors technology is now widely accepted throughout the world and has the potential to replace the existing SCADA system in monitoring and control of the power system. Their installation enables efficient resolution to substantially improve transmission system planning, maintenance, operation, and energy trading. This paper reviews the state of the art potential applications that the PMU based WAMC offers to the power system. It also includes technical perspectives, challenges, and future possibilities.
Performance analysis of beam divergence propagation through rainwater and snow pack in free space optical communication
Mustafa H. Ali;
Rehab I. Ajel;
Samira Abdul-kader Hussain
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 3: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i3.2857
In the present work the future communication requirements need to fulfill with high data rate, FSO (free space optic) with it is tremendous potential is the solution. This research observed the effectiveness analysis of FSO systems by modifying one of the most important FSO parameters beam divergence, under the most affected weather attenuating condition Rainwater and snow pack. The simulation is obtained and analyzed under single channels CSRZ-FSO (carrier-suppressed return-to-zero/free space optical) systems having capacity of 40 Gbps between two transceivers with variable distance. The connection is presently under 5 meteorological turbulences (light rain, medium rain, wet snow, heavy rain and dry snow). The results show the heavy rain and dry snow have a very high attenuation carried out in terms of Q-factor. this result led us to conclude that small divergence offers significant performance improvement for FSO link and this performance decrease every time the beam divergence increase, Therefore, to build inexpensive and reliable transmission media, we go with new method that still in the experiment area called hybrid RF/FSO (radio frequency/free space optical) that compatible with atmospherically status.
Keyseg: adaptive segmentation for spontaneous electroencephalography map series into spatially defined microstates of musicians’ brain
Indra K. Wardani;
Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn;
Djohan Djohan;
Fortunata Tyasrinestu;
Prayoon Suyajai
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 4: August 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.3063
Music is being studied related to either its impact on the psychological interaction or cognitive process behind it. These examinations bring out music's coordination to numerous disciplines including neuroscience. A few past examinations exhibited the contrast among musicians and non-musicians regarding brain structure and brain activity. The current investigation exhibited the diverse brain activation while musicians tuned in to music with regards to their musical experiences utilizing microstate classes method analysis. The investigation intended to determine electroencephalography microstate changes in Karawitan musicians' brain while tuning in to Gendhing Lancaran. Applying the electroencephalography microstate investigation of Karawitan musicians, the occurrence parameters was computed for four microstate classes (A, B, C, and D). Microstate properties were compared among subjects and correlated to Gendhing Lancaran perception. The present results revealed that Karawitan musicians' brain were characterized by microstate classes with the increased prominence of classes A, B, and D, but decreased prominence of classes C while tuning in to Gendhing Lancaran. Our finding is the first study to identify the typical microstate characteristics of the Karawitan musician’s brains while tuning in to Gendhing Lancaran by using the microstate segmentaion method.
A low cost SSVEP-EEG based human-computer-interaction system for completely locked-in patients
Azhar Dilshad;
Vali Uddin;
Muhammad Rizwan Tanweer;
Tariq Javid
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 4: August 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.2923
Human computer interaction (HCI) for completely locked-in patients is a very difficult task. Nowadays, information technology (IT) is becoming an essential part of human life. Patients with completely locked-in state are generally unable to facilitate themselves by these useful technological advancements. Hence, they cannot use modern IT gadgets and applications throughout the lifespan after disability. Advancements in brain computer interface (BCI) enable operating IT devices using brain signals specifically when a person is unable to interact with the devices in conventional manner due to cognitive motor disability. However, existing state-of-the-art application specific BCI devices are comparatively too expensive. This paper presents a research and development work that aims to design and develop a low-cost general purpose HCI system that can be used to operate computers and a general purpose control panel through brain signals. The system is based on steady state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP). In proposed system, these electrical signals are obtained in response of a number of different flickering lights of different frequencies through electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes and an open source BCI hardware. Successful trails conducted on healthy participants suggest that severely paralyzed subjects can operate a computer or control panel as an alternative to conventional HCI device.
Outage performance users located outside D2D coverage area in downlink cellular network
Thanh-Luan Nguyen;
Dinh-Thuan Do
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 3: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i3.2298
Device-to-device (D2D) communication has been proposed to employ the proximity between two devices to enhance the overall spectrum utilization of a crowded cellular network. With the help of geometric probability tools, this framework considers the performance of cellular users under spatial separation with the D2D pair is investigated. The measurement results and analytical expression of outage probability show that the proposed frameworks improve the outage performance at a high signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) at the base station. Results also interpret that the distances between nodes in the D2D-assisted network make slight impacts on the performance of the cellular user.
User experience evaluation for a bus tracking apps in smart campus initiative
Norazlina Khamis;
Kelly Kong Kai Li
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 4: August 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i4.3112
Satisfying user experience (UX) is one of the major goals for any application. A good UX will contribute to the higher rate adoption of the application itself. With the emergence of IoT, the concept of smart campus is widely being researched and developed. Smart campus initiative is relatively important as the campus can be considered as a small town by utilizing the same IT infrastructure as smart city. Bus tracking system is one of the initiatives in smart campus environment. One of the main issues is to assess the usability of this apps before it can be deployed widely in campus. This paper will discuss the user experiences evaluation using MeCUE technique on UMS HopIn! a bus tracking apps an initiative towards implementation of smart campus in Universiti Malaysia Sabah. The app gives user the real time location of campus buses and the estimated time of arrival (ETA) for each of the buses. Based on user evaluation it has been found that the application has meet within the expectation with most of the requirements has been fulfilled and the good of UX rating. Thus, the same approach can be applied to support the development of any future smart campus initiative.
Comparative analysis of augmented datasets performances of age invariant face recognition models
Kennedy Okokpujie;
Etinosa Noma-Osaghae;
Samuel Ndueso John;
Charles Ndujiuba;
Imhade Princess Okokpujie
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 3: June 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i3.3020
The popularity of face recognition systems has increased due to their non-invasive method of image acquisition, thus boasting the widespread applications. Face ageing is one major factor that influences the performance of face recognition algorithms. In this study, the authors present a comparative study of the two most accepted and experimented face ageing datasets (FG-Net and morph II). These datasets were used to simulate age invariant face recognition (AIFR) models. Four types of noises were added to the two face ageing datasets at the preprocessing stage. The addition of noise at the preprocessing stage served as a data augmentation technique that increased the number of sample images available for deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) experimentation, improved the proposed AIFR model and the trait aging features extraction process. The proposed AIFR models are developed with the pre-trained Inception-ResNet-v2 deep convolutional neural network architecture. On testing and comparing the models, the results revealed that FG-Net is more efficient over Morph with an accuracy of 0.15%, loss function of 71%, mean square error (MSE) of 39% and mean absolute error (MAE) of -0.63%.