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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
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Core Subject : Engineering,
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
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Articles 2,901 Documents
Clutter evalution of unmanned surface vehicles for maritime traffic monitoring Nadiy Zaiaami, Muhammad; Abd Rashid, Nur Emileen; Ismail, Nor Najwa; Ibrahim, Idnin Pasya; Enche Ab Rahim, Siti Amalina; Zalina Zakaria, Nor Ayu
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i3.6836

Abstract

A traditional maritime radar system is utilized for ship detection and tracking through onshore transmitters and receivers. However, it faces challenges when it comes to detecting small boats. In contrast, unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) have been designed to monitor maritime traffic. They excel in detecting vessels of various sizes and enhance the capabilities and resolution of maritime radar systems. Nevertheless, just like conventional radar systems, USVs encounter difficulties due to environmental interference and clutter, affecting the accuracy of target signal detection. This research proposes a comprehensive numerical assessment to tackle the clutter issue associated with USVs. This involves gathering clutter signal data, performing numerical analysis, and employing distribution fitting techniques that leverage mathematical distributions to unravel data complexity. The root mean square error (RMSE) is applied in this analysis to validate the efficacy of the distribution model. The results of this study aim to formulate a clutter model that can enhance radar performance in detecting small vessels within cluttered environments.
ABSA of Indonesian customer reviews using IndoBERT: single- sentence and sentence-pair classification approaches Yulianti, Evi; Nissa, Nuzulul Khairu
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.8032

Abstract

Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA) task is important to identify user satisfaction from customer reviews by recognizing the sentiments of all aspects discussed in the reviews. This work investigates a novel study on the effectiveness and efficiency of three IndoBERT-based models for solving the ABSA task in Indonesian language. IndoBERT is a state-of-the-art transformer-based model, i.e., bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT), that was pre-trained on Indonesian language. Our first model utilizes IndoBERT in a feature-based mode, paired with the convolutional neural network (CNN) and machine learning models, for single-sentence classification. Next, our second model is obtained by fine- tuning the IndoBERT model for a typical single-sentence classification to build an end-to-end model. At last, our third model also adopts a fine-tuning approach to use IndoBERT, but for sentence-pair classification by utilizing auxiliary sentences. Our results demonstrate that the third model, the fine- tuned IndoBERT for sentence-pair classification, gains the highest effectiveness. It demonstrates significant improvement over deep learning baselines (Word2Vec-CNN-XGBoost) by 23.6% and transformer-based baselines (mBERT-aux-NLIB) by 2.2% in terms of F-1 score. When considering both effectiveness and efficiency, the results show that the best- performing model is our second model, the fine-tuned IndoBERT for single- sentence classification.
An efficient synthetic minority oversampling technique-based ensemble learning model to detect COVID-19 severity Mishra, Smriti; Kumar, Ranjan; Tiwari, Sanjay K.; Ranjan, Priya
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i3.6774

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of accurately predicting disease severity to ensure timely intervention and effective allocation of healthcare resources, which can ultimately improve patient outcomes. This study aims to develop an efficient machine learning (ML) model based on patient demographic and clinical data. It utilizes advanced feature engineering techniques to reduce the dimensionality of dataset and address the issue of highly imbalanced data using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE). The study employs several ensemble learning models, including XGBoost, Random Forest, AdaBoost, voting ensemble, enhanced-weighted voting ensemble, and stack-based ensembles with support vector machine (SVM) and Gaussian Naïve Bayes as meta-learners, to develop the proposed model. The results indicate that the proposed model outperformed the top-performing models reported in previous studies. It achieved an accuracy of 0.978, sensitivity of 1.0, precision of 0.875, F1-score of 0.934, and receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC-AUC) of 0.965. The study identified several features that significantly correlated with COVID-19 severity, which included respiratory rate (breaths per minute), c-reactive proteins, age, and total leukocyte count (TLC) count. The proposed approach presents a promising method for accurate COVID-19 severity prediction, which may prove valuable in assisting healthcare providers in making informed decisions about patient care.
Ultra-low-power super class-AB adaptive biasing operational transconductance amplifier with enhanced gain for biomedical applications Pandey, Rakesh Kumar; Bhadauria, Vijaya; Singh, Vinod Kumar
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 4: August 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i4.7585

Abstract

The operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) proposed in this article is a bulk-driven (BD), single-stage, super-class-AB, adaptive biasing, functioning in the subthreshold region (ST) with an enormously low power supply of ± 0.25 V, providing high-gain. The input core of the OTA circuit is composed of adaptively biased BD differential input pairs based on flipped voltage follower (FVF), which drive in class-AB mode with a partial positive feedback (PPF) approach. The circuit additionally employs FVF and self-cascode (SC)-based low-power current mirror loads at its output to obtain significantly high gain and unity gain frequency. In addition, using adaptive loads based on source-degenerated metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) resistors raises dynamic current more efficiently, consequently improving the slew rate and unity gain frequency (UGF) without drawing additional power. Employing the cadence spectre tool and the UMC 0.18 μm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process technology, the designed OTA has been simulated. The simulation outcomes substantiate that the amplifier provides high open loop DC gain of 75 dB, 18.75 kHz UGF with a phase margin of 63.93º, and input-referred noise (IRN) of 0.734 µV/Hz0.5 at 1 kHz frequency. The proposed OTA consumes just 60.15 nW of power. The performance results confirmed that the proposed OTA circuit is appropriate in biomedical applications.
Machine learning-based detection of fake news in Afan Oromo language Salau, Ayodeji Olalekan; Arega, Kedir Lemma; Tin, Ting Tin; Quansah, Andrew; Sefa-Boateng, Kwame; Chowdhury, Ismatul Jannat; Braide, Sepiribo Lucky
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.8016

Abstract

This paper presents a machine learning-based (ML) approach for identifying fake news on web-based social media networks. Data was acquired from Facebook to develop the model which was used to identify Afan Oromo's false news. The system architecture uses algorithms, such as support vector machines (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect and classify fake news. Existing models have limitations in understanding reported news accuracy compared with verified news. This study successfully resolved the challenges in the detection of social media fake news detection for the Afan Oromo language with the use of ML models and natural language processing (NLP) techniques. The results show that the SVM approach achieved a precision, recall, and F1-score, of 0.92, 0.92, and 0.90.
Secure map-based crypto-stego technique based on mac address Kasasbeh, Dima S.; Al-Ja’afreh, Bushra M.; Anbar, Mohammed; Hasbullah, Iznan H.; Al Khasawneh, Mahmoud
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i3.7140

Abstract

Steganography and cryptography are spy craft cousins, working differently to achieve the same target. Cryptography is perceptible and observable without understanding the real content, while steganography hides the content so that it is not perceptible or observable and without producing noticeable changes to the carrier image. The challenge is finding the right balance between security and retrievability of embedded data from embedding locations without increasing the required embedded information. This paper proposes a secure map-based steganography technique to enhance the message security level based on the sender and recipient mac addresses. The proposed technique uses rivest-shamir-adleman (RSA) to encrypt the message, then embeds the cipher message in the host image based on the sender and recipient media access control addresses (mac addresses) exclusive or operation "XOR" results without increasing the required embedded information for the embedding location map. The proposed technique is evaluated on various metrics, including peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and embedding capacity, and the results show that it provides a high level of security and robustness against attacks without an extra location map. The proposed technique can embed more data up to 196.608 KB in the same image with a PSNR higher than 50.58 dB.
A stacked ensemble approach to identify internet of things network attacks through traffic analysis Rawashdeh, Adnan; Alkasassbeh, Mouhammd; Alauthman, Mohammad; Almseidin, Mohammad
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 6: December 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i6.7811

Abstract

The internet of things (IoT) has increased exponentially in connected devices worldwide in recent years. However, this rapid growth also introduces significant security challenges since many IoT devices have vulnerabilities that can be exploited for cyber-attacks. Anomaly detection using machine learning algorithms shows promise for identifying abnormal network traffic indicative of IoT attacks. This paper proposes an ensemble learning framework for anomaly detection in IoT networks. A systematic literature review analyzes recent research applying machine learning for IoT security. Subsequently, a novel stacked ensemble model is presented, combining multiple base classifiers (random forest, neural network, support vector machine (SVM)) and meta-classifiers (gradient boosting) for improved performance. The model is evaluated on the IoTID20 dataset, using network traffic features to detect anomalies across binary, multi-class, and multi-label classifications. Experimental results demonstrate that the ensemble model achieved 99.7% accuracy and F1 score for binary classification, 99.5% accuracy for multi-class, and 91.2% accuracy for multi-label classification, outperforming previous methods. The model provides an effective anomaly detection approach to identify malicious activities and mitigate IoT security threats.
IoT-based fertigation system for agriculture Idris, Fakrulradzi; Latiff, Anas Abdul; Buntat, Muhammad Amirul; Lecthmanan, Yogeswaran; Berahim, Zulkarami
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 3: June 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i3.6829

Abstract

Fertigation system has been widely used by farmers to automate some processes of crops productions. A conventional system requires workers to prepare a fertilizer mixture, before transferring it into a main storage tank to be mixed with water. Then, electrical conductivity (EC) of the mixture will be measured. The existing fertigation system still relies heavily on workers and is manually operated and prone to human error. Therefore, internet of things (IoT) based fertigation system has been developed to deliver the fertilizer mixture with consistent EC value automatically to the plants. The main system controller is designed using ESP32 development module. The operation of the system can be monitored using an IoT dashboard and farmers can also control the system remotely. Alert will be given to the farmers if the condition of the system or plant does not meet the predefined settings. The values of EC together with temperature and humidity sensors are recorded for further analysis. A testbed is set up to provide fertigation to 120 polybags eggplants. Using the proposed fertigation system, the eggplants have been harvested earlier, therefore reducing the fertilizer usage. The cost of this IoT based fertigation system is lower compared to existing commercial products.
Application of neural networks ensemble method for the Kazakh sign language recognition Amirgaliyev, Yedilkhan; Ataniyazova, Aisulyu; Buribayev, Zholdas; Zhassuzak, Mukhtar; Urmashev, Baydaulet; Cherikbayeva, Lyailya
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.7803

Abstract

Sign languages are an extremely important means of communication in many cases, especially for deaf and hard of hearing people. But the same gesture can convey different meanings in different countries, so many different sign languages have been developed all over the world. In this study, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model was developed based on an ensemble method containing the ResNet-50 and VGG-19 architectures, which will be able to classify the Kazakh sign language (KSL) consisting of 42 Kazakh alphabet signs (classes). A proprietary data set of 57,708 images for 42 signs of the KSL has been formed. The ensemble model was compared with ResNet-50 and VGG-19 by evaluation metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, f1-measure, and loss function. The recognition accuracy of the ensemble method reached 95.7%, exceeding the performance of ResNet-50 and VGG-19. The developed method was also tested on test data, where 35 out of 42 gestures were recognized completely correctly. The reliability of the proposed approach and the classification results obtained by using preprocessing methods and data augmentation techniques to expand the data set was confirmed by a computational experiment.
The potential of light fidelity in smart home automation Aydin, Hakan; Aydın, Gülsüm Zeynep Gürkaş; Aydın, Muhammed Ali
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 13, No 5: October 2024
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v13i5.7199

Abstract

Light fidelity (Li-Fi) is a pioneering optical wireless communication (OWC) technology that utilizes visible light for wireless data transmission. Since its inception in a TED global talk by Professor Harald Haas in 2011, Li-Fi has captured significant attention in the research community. Smart home automation systems (SHAs) leverage internet of things (IoT) technology to remotely manage and automate various home devices and systems. Li-Fi technology has the potential to enable remote control of devices such as lighting, air conditioning, music systems, security cameras, and door locks within SHAs. This study presents Li-Fi-IoT, a Li-Fi-based system designed for efficient and secure IoT device management in SHAs. A series of experiments demonstrates the system's potential in IoT device control using Li-Fi technology. The research findings highlight the substantial improvement in data transfer speed, energy efficiency, and data security that Li-Fi technology can bring to SHAs.

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