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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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The Utilization of Fiddle-Leaf Fig Waste Into Food Preservative
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i1.19859

Abstract

Fiddle-leaf Fig is a tree that is widely used as a protective or plants or shade. This plant is usually found on the side of the road, in the office area and as houseplants.  The presence of fiddle-leaf fig leaves that fall from the tree will be a waste for the environment. This study proposes utilization of fiddle-leaf fig waste by pyrolysis method using pyrolysis triple condenser. Thermal analysis was done before experiments using a thermo gravimetric analyzer in the range of temperature of room temperature until 1000 ºC. Process was carried out at heating temperature of 350ºC, 375ºC, 400ºC, 425ºC, 450ºC, 475ºC and 500ºC. The product of pyrolysis were obtained from liquid coming out from the residue container, the first and second condenser, and the smoke is coming out from the third condenser. The smokes were absorbed with water. Further, all of the liquid were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). The analysis results show that the main components of pyrolysis liquid products are carboxylic acids, ketones, alcohols, and alkanes. There is gasoline and kerosene in the liquid, so it has the potential to become bio-oil. The largest potential of fiddle-leaf fig waste is as raw material for food preservative because it contains many carboxylic acid compounds.
EKSTRAKSI MINYAK KETUMBAR (Coriander Oil) DENGAN PELARUT ETANOL DAN n-HEKSANA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 1, No 1 (2012): June 2012
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v1i1.2538

Abstract

Indonesia memiliki banyak sumber daya alam, diantaranya minyak atsiri. Salah satu sumber daya alam yang potensial adalah minyak biji ketumbar (coriandrum oil). Kandungan terbesar dalam minyak ketumbar adalah senyawa linalool yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku parfum, farmasi, aroma makanan dan minuman, sabun mandi, bahan dasar lilin, sabun cuci, sintesis vitamin E dan pestisida maupun insektida. Tujuan dari percobaan ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan pelarut etanol dan n-heksana terhadap rendemen minyak ketumbar yang dihasilkan serta senyawa kimia yang terdapat dalam minyak ketumbar. Ekstraksi minyak ketumbar dengan pelarut etanol dan n-heksana menggunakan alat ekstraktor soxhlet. Biji ketumbar yang tua dan kering dihancurkan kemudian dibungkus kertas saring dan dimasukan dalam ekstraktor soxhlet. Temperatur proses ekstraksi sesuai dengan titik didih dari pelarut yang digunakan. Ekstraksi berakhir jika warna pelarut dalam ekstraktor seperti warna pelarut semula. Filtrat yang diperoleh kemudian di recovery dengan ekstraktor soxhlet untuk memisahkan minyak atsiri dari pelarutnya. Minyak ketumbar kemudian di analisis dengan uji GC-MS untuk mengetahui senyawa kimia yang terkandung dalam minyak tersebut. Dari hasil percobaan diperoleh bahwa rendemen minyak ketumbar dengan pelarut etanol sebesar 1,17% dengan kadar linalool sebesar 57,13%, sedangkan dengan pelarut n-heksana diperoleh rendemen minyak ketumbar sebesar 0,84% dengan kadar linalool sebesar 47,25%. Indonesia has many natural resources, such as the essential oils. One of the potential re-sources is the coriander seed oil (coriandrum oil). The greatest content in coriander oil is linalool compounds that can be used as raw materials of perfumes, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage scent, soap, basic materials for candles, laundry soap, synthetic vitamin E and pesticides as well as insecticide. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of the use of ethanol and n-hexane toward the yield of the resulted coriander oil and the chemical compounds in corriander oil. The extraction of Coriander oil with ethanol and n-hexane was performed using a Soxhlet extractor. The mature and dried Coriander seeds were crushed, then wrapped in filter paper and inserted in the Soxhlet extractor. The temperature of the extraction process was set according to the boiling point of the used solvent. The extraction process finishes if the color of the solvent in the extractor looks like the original color. The obtained filtrate was then recycled by using Soxhlet extractor to separate the essential oil from the solvent. Then, the Coriander oil was analyzed by test GC-MS method to determine the contained chemical compounds in the oil. The experimental result shows the yield of coriander oil obtained from the extraction using ethanol is 1.17% with linalool concentration of 57.13%, while the yield of the coriander oil from extraction using n-hexane is 0.84% with linalool concentration of 47.25%.
EFFECTS OF SOLID VINASSE-BASED ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SOME GROWTH INDICES OF TOMATO PLANT
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i2.12507

Abstract

Vinasse, which is commonly referred to as stillage, is a aqueous by-product of bioethanol processing. This side-product is yielded in a very large quantity in bioethanol industry since the production of 1 L of ethanol will generate 13 L of vinasse. Hence it is become a problem of bioethanol industry since vinasse waste doesn’t have economic value and it is harmful to the environment. This industrial waste has high COD and BOD, high acidity, and high temperature when it is discharged from the bottom of distillation unit. To overwhelmed this drawbacks, it is crucial to attempt reduction of the negative characteristic of vinasse as well as creation of added value of vinasse. In fact, vinasse contains a considerable amount of potassium and organic matter which is beneficial for plant growth and improving the soil fertility. Thus, in this work, vinasse was utilized as raw material for organic fertilizer. Vinasse waste was formulated with other sugarcane industrial waste (filter cake and boiler ash), and NPK fertilizer in various composition to yield solid Organo-Mineral Fertilizer (OMF). Among all the composition of OMF, It was demonstrated that vinasse formulated with 3, 6, and 9% of NPK fulfilled the Indonesian National Standar (SNI) of solid fertilizer. Thus these types of OMF were used to fertilize tomato plant. The effects of vinasse-based OMF on some growth indices of tomato plant were examined. It was revealed that vinasse fertilizer formulated with 9% of NPK exhibited the best impact to the tomato plant growth.
THE KINETICS BOTH OF GROWTH AND METABOLITE PRODUCTION OF X.CAMPESTRIS USING OF 4% LIQUID SUGAR SUBSTRATE FROM CASSAVA HYDROLISATE
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7950

Abstract

X. campestris is aerobic bacteria producing extracellular biopolymers (EPS, extracellular polysaccharide) known as xanthan gum. To determine the technology and the process conditions appropriate to the formation of this product, therefore the understanding of both the kinetics of growth and metabolite production of bacteria is needed. In this research, to assess the growth of X. campestris using the method of calculation of dry cell weight. For determining the kinetics of production of metabolite used substrates of 4% liquid sugar  from cassava starch hydrolysate. From this research was showed that X. campestris maximum growth in NB medium obtained in about 58thhour, at the growth rate of about 0.04 g / hour, stationary phase obtained at the 60th hour with a maximum dry cell weight of 2.7688 g/L and specific growth rate (μ) of X. campestris amounted to 0.043 hour-1. Based on the kinetic curves both on growth and its metabolite production, X.campestris has non-growth associated product pattern. In this case the production of  xanthan gum  occured after cell growth stopped then  its product is a secondary metabolite with highest amount  of 3.73 g / L at 102nd hour, ie the 4th day of fermentation. Overall of this research indicated that  Nutrient Broth (NB) may be used for the growth of X. campestris. But based on the value of μ above, the rate of cell reproduction was still low. Liquid sugar can be used as a substrate to produce xanthan gum. However to increase its productivity, there should be an addition of other carbon or energy and nitrogen sources.
Modified Humic Acid from Peat Soils with Magnetite (Ha-Fe3O4) by Using Sonochemical Technology for Gold Recovery
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 9, No 2 (2020): December 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v9i02.26131

Abstract

Sonochemical technology is a technology that involves ultrasonic waves in chemical reactions. In this study, humic acid isolated from peat soil has been successfully modified with magnetite (HA-Fe3O4) using sonochemical technology. Characterization of the physical and chemical properties of HA-Fe3O4 was carried out using FTIR, XRD, SEM and VSM. HA-Fe3O4 was used for recovery of gold from simulated gold waste (HAuCl4). FTIR characterization showed that the interaction between HA and Fe3O4 was through hydrogen bonds. The crystal size of HA-Fe3O4 using the Debye-Scherrer equation based on the XRD diffractogram was 12.4 nm. The saturation magnetization value of HA-Fe3O4 obtained was 52.80 emu/g. Adsorption studies at various pH showed that HA-Fe3O4 has been successful in recovering of gold from simulated gold waste. The % recovery of gold was 99%. Gold recovery occurs through the adsorption process followed by reduction of Au (III) to Au(0).
SINTESIS BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK MIKROALGA Chlorella vulgaris DENGAN REAKSI TRANSESTERIFIKASI MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS KOH
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v3i1.3099

Abstract

Biodiesel merupakan salah satu energi alternatif yang dianggap mampu menjawab permasalahan kelangkaan bahan bakar minyak. Biodiesel dapat disintesis dari minyak nabati melalui reaksi transesterifikasi. Sumber minyak nabati yang potensial adalah mikroalga yang memiliki produktifitas minyak yang lebih tinggi per satuan luas lahan yang digunakan jika dibandingkan dengan tanaman darat. Mikroalga jenis Chlorella sp diketahui mengandung komponen lipid cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 14-22%. Langkah-langkah penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi ekstraksi minyak mikroalga dengan n-heksana, reaksi transesterifikasi minyak mikroalga dan metanol dengan katalis KOH, dilanjutkan dengan filtrasi untuk memisahkan produk biodiesel dengan gliserol yang terbentuk. Untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dalam bahan baku dan produk, minyak hasil ekstraksi mikroalga dan biodiesel yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan GC-MS. Dari hasil uji GC-MS diketahui dua kandungan asam lemak terbesar dalam minyak mikroalga, yaitu Dodecanoic acid sebesar 59.52% dan n-Decanoic acid sebesar 12.64%. Dari proses transesterifikasi, yield biodiesel yang diperoleh sebesar 59.85% dengan densitas 0.88 g/cm3. Kandungan kimia biodiesel diketahui terdiri dari senyawa Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) sebesar 15.4% dan Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) sebesar 21.14%.Biodiesel is one of the alternative energy which expected to provide a solution towards our dependence of fossil fuel. Biodiesel could be synthesized from vegetable oil through transesterification process. One of the most potential sources of vegetable oil is microalgae which is more productive than a land-based plant. One of the species of microalgae which is Chlorella sp is known for containing high lipid content from 14 to 22%. The steps of the research including extraction of microalgae oil using n-hexane, transesterification reaction between microalgae and methanol using KOH as a catalyst, and continued by filtration to separate the biodiesel product with the glycerol. To determine the chemical compound of the raw material and the product, the oil of the extracted microalgae and the biodiesel were analyzed using GC-MS. The GC-MS test shows two biggest fatty acid compound are Dodecanoic acid which is 59.52% and n-Decanoic acid which is 12.64%. From the transesterification process, the obtained biodiesel yield is 59.85% with density of 0.88 g/cm3. The chemical compound of the biodiesel known as fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) which is 15.4% and Fatty Acid Ethyl Ester (FAEE) which is 21.14%.
THE EFFICIENCY OF DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL (DSSC) IMPROVEMENT AS A LIGHT PARTY TiO2-NANO PARTICLE WITH EXTRACT PIGMENT MANGOSTANA PEEL (Garcinia Mangostana) WITH VARIOUS SOLVENTS
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 2 (2018): December 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i2.14488

Abstract

The dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is one of the photochemical electrical cells consisting of a photoelectrode, dye, electrolyte, and counter electrode. The purpose of using dyes in the DSSC is to extend the absorption spectrum to visible light because visible light has about 96% energy from sunlight. This article presents some experimental data on the nature of absorbance and the conductivity of natural dyes extracted from the plant as an application in the DSSC. Absorbance test using Spectrophotometer UV Visible 1601 PC and electrical properties test using Elkahfi 100 / Meter I-V. DSSC fabrication has been done using dye extract of mangosteen skin pigment (Garcinia mangostana) with a variety of coating technique of Spin Coating and Slip Casting. The results show that natural dyes from natural material extraction have an absorbance spectrum of 380-520 nm range and the greatest conductivity is owned by mangosteen fruit skin pigment (Garcinia mangostana). From the results of the test using AM Simulator 1.5G (100 mW / cm2) diesel simulator, it was found that the volume of TiO2 precursors affected the performance of DSSC solar cells and the overall conversion efficiency was 0.084% for the mangosteen skin dye by slip casting technique and 0.092% for the mangosteen skin dye by spin coating technique.
CHARACTERISTICS OF DEMINERALIZED GELATIN FROM LIZARDFISH (Saurida spp.) SCALES USING NaOH-NaCl SOLUTION
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i2.9621

Abstract

Demineralization is required to reduce the ash content of gelatin. Previous studies have confirmed the high quality of gelatin was produced after demineralized using combination of NaCl and aqueous NaOH. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NaCl on the properties of gelatin from Lizardfish (Saurida spp.) scales. The cleaned scales was demineralized using a mixture of NaOH 0.5% and NaCl (0- 0.8%), at various temperatures (45, 65, 86oC) and time (30, 60, 90 and 150 minutes). The obtained samples was determined by ash content, pH, the lightness and moisture content. Addition of NaCl reduced the ash, pH and moisture content but increased the whiteness. Gelatin physical properties increased inline with NaCl concentration. Extended demineralized period gave a positive effect on ash, pH and moisture content but opposite effect was observed in the lightness and physical properties. Extended demineralization periods in high temperature reduced gelatin quality. The highest gel strength was found at demineralization for 150 min at 65oC using a combination of NaOH 0.5% and NaCl 0.8%. At this condition, the gelatin has 10%, 1,7%, 248 bloom, and 7,1 cP of moisture content, ash, gel strength and viscosity, respectively, which fulfil SNI 06.3735.1995.
METODE ESTIMASI PROPERTI KRITIS UAP-CAIR KOMPONEN MURNI ESTER
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i2.2796

Abstract

Biodiesel become eco-friendly renewable energy resources which is consisted of monoalkyl ester or long chain fatty acid from plants or animal. Biodiesel has more advantage than petrodiesel. Property of pure compound such as critical properties are the important thing to determine chemical mixtures behavior and also as base of equation of state. Joback method can show good results in estimating critical properties of monoalkyl ester.
STARCH PRODUCTION FROM RED GINGER (Zinggiber officinale Rosc.)
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11417

Abstract

Red Ginger is a natural ingredient including to spice that contain starch 40-60 % weight. Application of red ginger usually it is taken its extract or to taste of traditional food.  The purpose of this research is to know the influence of settling time, the red ginger and solvent ratio, and the temperature of the solvent in the production process of red ginger starch. We hope to get the best condition to get the highest starch yield. The process of making red ginger starch begins with peeled, then washed, shredded, filtered and precipitated. Starch ginger dried by the sun's heat. The best result was obtained at 1 hour sedimentation time with red ginger starch yield 13,3%, red ginger and water ratio 3: 5 (g / g) with yield of red ginger 15,69% and temperature of solvent at 25 ᵒC with yield of red ginger starch 11.17%.

Page 33 of 43 | Total Record : 426

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