cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
-
Contact Email
-
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
-
Editorial Address
-
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
 32   33   34   35   36 
EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN DARI BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi,L)
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5432

Abstract

Telah dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dari belimbing wuluhdengan variasi  suhu ekstraksi  60 dan 100°C, serta variasi waktu ekstraksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terbaik. Proses ekstraksi dengan metode refluks menggunakan air destilatyang telah ditambahkan dengan asam klorida. Proses selanjutnya adalah pengendapkan,pencucian dan pengeringan. Pektin yang dihasilkan dianalisis kemudian pektin terbaik dipilih menggunakan perhitungan metode Bayes. Kondisi ekstraksi pektin terbaik adalah pada suhu 100°C dengan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit  dengan karakteristik sebagai beerikut: rendemen 0,38%, kadar abu 2,92%, kadar air 25,40%, berat ekivalen 650,77%, kadar metoksil 5,01%, kadar galakturonat 55,51%, derajat esterifikasi 51,25% dan viskositas 22cP. Pektin  hasil ekstraksi terbaik telah memenuhi standarInternational  Pectin Producers Assosiation (IPPA). Pektin terbaik memiliki warna coklat yang lebih gelap dibandingkan dengan pektin komersial. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan pektin terbaik dan pektin komersial  keduanya mengandung gugus fungsi O-H, C-H alifatik, C=O, CH3, dan C-O.
Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetics Study
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i2.23886

Abstract

The rapid growth of the population and economy has boosted up the necessity of fuel and  energy source. Until now, the world’s dependency on fossil fuel as the primary energy supply is still high. On the other hand, it has been known that the fossil-based oil and gas reserves are shrunk. Hence, it is urgent to develop alternative energy sources, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, to anticipate the energy insufficiency. Biodiesel is among the prospective renewable energy due to its advantages. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is a type of biofuel which is derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. There are various vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. However, non-edible oils are usually preferred to be selected as a biodiesel feedstock to evade the conflict between food and energy needs. Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil is a type of non-edible oil which is cheap and can be employed as biodiesel feedstock. However, this oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content (8.89%). Thus, it cannot directly undergo transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel since the FFA will react with alkaline catalyst to produce soap. The FFA content in Kapok Randu seed oil needs to be decreased until it is lower than 2%. Hence, prior to transesterification reaction, esterification of Kapok Randu seed oil with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst should be conducted to decrease the FFA content. In this work, esterification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The reactions were conducted at the molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 at the temperature of 40, 50, and 60 ℃ for 120 minutes. The optimum reaction conversion was 95.14%, achieved at the reaction temperature of 60 ℃. Kinetics study using homogeneous models was also performed. It was revealed that the reaction was appropriate with the irreversible second order reaction model. The reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and  frequency factor (A) were 4.95 L / mole.min, 30,799.21 J/ mole and 338.744 / min, respectively.
CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF CALCIUM OXIDE FROM FISHBONE WASTE IN WASTE COOKING OIL TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i2.8335

Abstract

Calcium oxide was obtained from waste fish bones that has been carried out systematically by decomposition at various temperatures that 800oC, 900oC and 1000oC for 4 hours. Calcium oxide from the decomposition process was characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM EDX and SAA. The result of XRD Diffractogram showed that the crystallinity increased as the calcination temperature increased. The absorption bands in the FTIR spectra of calcium oxide from calcined waste fish bones shown at 355 cm-1 region indicated Ca–O vibration, which was reinforced by the emergence of a peak at 859 cm-1. Based on the analysis using SEM EDX, the calcined waste fish bones typically irregular particles and contained dominant calcium element. The low value of BET surface area and the total of pore volume were consistent with the adsorption measurement with SAA. The calcium oxide was applied for biodiesel synthesis from Waste cooking oil through transesterification reaction. The result of the optimization that the calcium oxide was decomposed from waste fish bones at 900oC. It exhibited best catalytic activity in the transesterification of waste cooking oil providing maximum biodiesel yield of 93% at 4% (w/v) of catalyst loading. The decomposition of biodiesel are determined by GC MS that produced methyl palmitate, methyl linoleate, methyl elaidate, methyl linoleolate, methyl stearate and methyl linolenate.
KARAKTERISASI EDIBLE FILM BERBAHAN DASAR EKSTRAK KARAGENAN DARI RUMPUT LAUT (Eucheuma cottonii)
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.4127

Abstract

Extraction process of carrageenan doing at 2 hours with temperature 80-90°C using sodium hidroxide with variant consentration of sodium hydroxide is 0,55N; 0,75N; 0,95N; 1,2N; 1,4N. The edible film makes with raw material carrageenan with 2 blended material is carrageenan composite with beeswax and the plasticizer sorbitol, along carrageenan with plasticizer sorbitol. The optimal yield from extraction process of carrageenan ressult at consentration of sodium hydroxide 1,2 N with value 43,42%. Optimal sulphate content get ressult at consentration of sodium hydroxide 0,45 N with value 10,28%. Optimal water content get ressult at consentration of sodium hydroxide 0,9 N with value 8,47%. Identification from FTIR to showing group of ester sulphate at spectrum 1227,67 cm-1. The identification chains of glicoxide at spectrum 1067,17 cm-1, the identification of group function 3,6 anhydrogalactose at spectrum 931,04 cm-1, and for group function galactose 4-sulphate can identification kind of kappa-carrageenan at spectrum 848,19 cm-1. Result of this ressearch showing the edible film makes with from blanded carrageenan composite and beeswax has best characteristic is high tensile strength with value 1,0755 MPa, percent elongation with 257,738% and miscible with value 15,45%.
Application of Humic Acid Isolated From Kalimatan Peat Soil Modifying Magnetite for Recovery of Gold
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i2.20392

Abstract

Humic acid modifying magnetite particles (Mag-HA) were developed for recovery of gold from chloride solution (HAuCl4). The Mag-HA particles were prepared by co-precipitation procedure with Fe(III) and Fe(II) chloride salts, sodium hydroxide, and humic acid. FTIR characterization for Mag-HA after modification indicated the presence of the specific absorption for functional groups of humic acid and Fe-O bonds, though with lower intensity. The Mag-HA particles exhibited a typical superparamagnetic characteristic with a saturation magnetization of 66.99 emu/g. The Mag-HA particles were applied for AuCl4- adsorption and results showed that the optimum adsorption of [AuCl4]- onto Mag-HA was found at pH 3. The adsorption kinetics can be described by a pseudo-second order equation and the adsorption isotherm of the Mag-HA particles agreed well with Langmuir adsorption equation. The maximum adsorbed amount of [AuCl4]- was 0.62 mmol/g and the XRD analysis confirms that the adsorption of Au(III) by Mag-HA was accompanied by the formation of elemental gold.
PEMUNGUTAN MINYAK ATSIRI MAWAR (Rose Oil) DENGAN METODE MASERASI
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v1i2.2543

Abstract

Minyak mawar merupakan salah satu produk minyak bunga yang memungkinkan diproduksi di Indonesia dengan kualitas ekspor. Manfaat dari minyak mawar adalah untuk parfum, kosmestik, dan obat-obatan. Minyak mawar dapat diproduksi dengan menggunakan metode diantaranya maserasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui rendemen minyak atsiri mawar merah (Rosa damascena) dan komponen minyak atsiri yang terambil dengan etanol dan n-heksana. Bahan baku yang digunakan berupa mahkota bunga mawar sebanyak 50 gram yang dipotong kecil-kecil, kemudian direndam dalam pelarut dengan perbandingan 1:3. Pelarut yang digunakan yaitu etanol dan n-heksana. Proses maserasi dilakukan dengan pengadukan selama 1 menit secara manual pada suhu ruang dan didiamkan selama 12 jam di tempat tertutup dan gelap (tanpa terkena cahaya). Hasil maserasi berupa ekstrak mawar dipisahkan dengan cara penyaringan dan pemerasan bunga. Filtrat yang mengandung minyak bunga mawar dievaporasi dengan  rotary vacuum evaporator. Maserasi menggunakan etanol pada suhu 60ºC selama 20 menit, sedangkan maserasi menggunakan n-heksana pada suhu 55 ºC selama 10 menit. Minyak atsiri hasil maserasi bunga mawar merah dilakukan uji GC-MS. Komponen utama minyak atsiri dari bunga mawar dengan pelarut etanol dan pelarut n-heksana secara berurutan adalah phenyl ethyl alcohol (2,73%) dan (31,69%). Rendemen hasil maserasi minyak bunga mawar dengan pelarut etanol adalah 8,76%, sedangkan pelarut n-heksana menghasilkan 0,34 %. Rose oil is one of the flower oil products which is potentially produced in Indonesia with export quality. The uses of rose oils are for perfume, cosmestics, and medicine. Rose oil can be produced using methods such as maceration. The purpose of this reasearch was to determine the yield of essential oil of red roses (Rosa damascena) and the essential oil components taken using ethanol and n-hexane. The raw material used was 50 grams of red roses which subsequently soaked into solvent with ratio of 1:3. The solvent used were ethanol and n-hexane. Maceration process was carried out by manually stirring for 1 minute at room temperature and kept for 12 hours in a closed and dark (without exposure to light) place. Maceration result in the form of rose extract was separated by filtration and extortion of flowers. The filtrate containing rose oil was evaporated using rotary vacuum evaporator. Maceration temperature using ethanol was 60 ºC for 20 minutes, while using n-hexane was 55ºC for 10 minutes. The essential oils produced from maceration process of red roses was analysed using GC-MS. The main components of the essential oil of roses extracted using solvents of ethanol and n-hexane sequentially were phenyl ethyl alcohol (2.73%) and (31.69%). The yield of the rose oil maceration with ethanol was 8.76%, while the solvent of n-hexane yield 0.34%.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE IN ORGANIC WASTE BURNING PROCESS ON THE COMBUSTION RATE
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11395

Abstract

The combustion process of organic waste has several drawback which produce flue gases containing pollutants SO2, HCl, tar and heavy metals (Cu, Hg, Fe, Zn, Pb, and Cr). The pollutants can be  removed  from the flue gas using a water scrubber. The process of absorption using the water scrubber  can cause a rise in pressure in the combustion chamber.This research aims to study the effect of combustion process pressure of organic waste on the combustion rate. The research was conducted by burning waste in the reactor at various flow rate of combustion air. The exhaust gases of combustion then flowed into ihe water scrubber that the height varied. The change in pressure and combustion rate of each variation of the air flow rate and the height of the water scrubber was measured. According to the results, it was obtained the correlation of combustion pressure to the  combustion rate was y = 0,844e-0,2X, where y = the combustion rate (kg/min) and x = combustion pressure (gauge, mm H2O). In addition, the increase in combustion pressure up to 21 mm of water, caused a reduction in combustion temperatures up to 50 ° C, while the combustion rate decreased to one-tenth from atmospheric combustion.
THE PRODUCTION OF BREADFRUIT FLOUR: EFFECT OF HEATER TEMPERATURE TO THE DRYING RATE AND TIME OF THE BREADFRUIT
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7168

Abstract

The composition of mineral and vitamin from breadfruit is particularly known of having benefits compared to rice which is a main source of carbohydrate consumed by societies. The process of drying is one of the factors that affects foodstuffs quality. The aim of this research was to provide an understanding of drying phenomena from data experiment and discover the influence of drying air temperature to breadfruit drying time and rates. This research was conducted in several stages which are material preparation (breadfruit) by through downsizing process, then weigh the material (breadfruit) once every 5 minutes on each drying air  temperature variations (50 ºC, 60 oC, 70 oC, and 80 oC). The research were conducted using breadfruit with the best drying time which is obtained at 60 0C for 100 minutes. The lowest water content obtained was 0.4%, while the highest drying rate was 0.00144 Kg2/m2.s at 80 ºC of temperature.
Athmospheric Hydrocracking of Jatropha Oil Using Woodchar Catalyst
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 9, No 2 (2020): December 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v9i02.27304

Abstract

Jatropha oil which is non-edible oil were hydro-crack at atmospheric pressure using an activated wood char catalyst in a fixed bed reactor. The hydro-cracking process was carried out at three temperature variations of 400, 450 and 500oC, and three variations of the oil feed injection rate of 2/2, 2/5 and 2 mL/10 minutes. The catalysts were characterized using SEM and BET. The composition of the liquid product obtained from the hydro-cracking process was analyzed using GC-MS. The effects of operating temperature and oil feed injection rate on oil recovery and conversion have been discussed. The results showed that the feed injection temperature and rate had an effect on the yield and conversion. The highest yield of 59.8% oil liquid products was achieved at a temperature of 450oC with injection rate of 2 mL/10 min. The composition of the oil-liquid product was dominated by heptanal at 32.9% -mass. Alkanes group contain C5 to C20 and alkene compounds consist of C8 until C18.
SINTESIS BIOKOAGULAN BERBASIS KITOSAN DARI KULIT UDANG UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR SUNGAI YANG TERCEMAR LIMBAH INDUSTRI JAMU DENGAN KANDUNGAN PADATAN TERSUSPENSI TINGGI
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 3, No 2 (2014): December 2014
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v3i2.3700

Abstract

Koagulan sintetik telah umum digunakan untuk penjernihan air. Meskipun koagulan tersebut kelihatan lebih praktis dalam penggunaan dan mudah diperoleh tetapi pemakaian koagulan sintetik yang berlebih justru akan menimbulkan efek yang tidak baik bagi lingkungan maupun kesehatan karena koagulan jenis ini tidak mudah terbiodegradasi. Eksplorasi terhadap material alami, yang lebih ramah lingkungan namun mempunyai potensi yang baik perlu terus dikaji. Keunggulan kitosan sebagai koagulan adalah sifatnya tidak beracun, mudah mengalami biodegradasi, tidak mencemari lingkungan, dan mudah bereaksi dengan zat-zat organik lainnya seperti protein. Dengan demikian diharapkan bahwa koagulan yang diperoleh dari kulit udang adalah bahan yang ramah lingkungan dan mempunyai nilai tambah yang tinggi. Pada tugas akhir ini, isolasi kitosan dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Deproteinasi dilakukan dengan melarutkan kulit udang menggunakan NaOH 5% (b/v) pada perbandingan 1:10 (gr/mL) dan direfluks selama 1 jam pada suhu 650C. Sedangkan demineralisasi dilakukan dengan melarutkan serbuk hasil deproteinasi dengan HCl 1M dengan perbandingan 1:15 (g/mL) dan direfluks selama 2 jam pada suhu 650C. Serbuk kitin hasil demineralisasi selanjutnya diproses lebih lanjut dengan mereaksikan kitin menggunakan NaOH 50%(b/v) dengan perbandingan 1:15 (gr/mL) dan direfluks selama 4 jam pada suhu 1000C. Kitosan yang diperoleh diaplikasikan sebagai biokoagulan untuk menjernihkan air sungai yang tercemar limbah industri. Variabel yang diteliti adalah konsentrasi kitosan 0,01 %, 0,4%, 1%, 1,5%, 2%. Kemudian sampel limbah yang sudah diolah diuji pH dan tingkat kekeruhannya. Hasil proses deproteinasi kulit udang menghasilkan rendemen 55,55%, sedangkan proses demineralisasi menghasilkan rendemen 32,65%. Pada proses deasetilasi kitin dari kulit udang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 69,25%, sedangkan rendemen kitosan yang diperoleh sebanyak 12,466%. Dari hasil uji FTIR diketahui derajat deasetilasi kitin dan kitosan berturut-turut adalah 27,7462 % dan 80,064 %. Dari hasil uji air limbah yang sudah diolah diketahui bahwa penurunan optimum diperoleh dari penambahan kitosan konsentrasi 0,4% dengan penurunan kekeruhan sebanyak 86,07%. The synthetic coagulant has been commonly used for purifying water. Although this coagulant seems more practise to use and easy to find, its applications affect the environment since they are not biodegradable. Therefore, the new natural materials has great potential to be explored. Chitosan has been known as a great multi-function material. The advantages of chitosan as coagulant relates to its characteristic that is not toxic, easy to biodegrade, not polute the environment, and easy to react with organic substances such as protein. Chitin and Chitosan are carbohydrate compounds produced by seafood waste, especially from shrimps, crabs, squids and oyster. The isolation of Chitosan was done in two steps. They were deproteinization and demineralization. Deproteinization was done by dissolving the shrimp’s shells using NaOH solution 5%(w/v) with ratio of 1:10 (g/mL) and refluxed for an hour in 650C. Whereas the demineralization was done by dissolving the deproteinized powder using HCl 1 M 1:15 (g/mL) and refkuxed for two hours in 650C. Then, the demineralized chitin was further processed to chitosan by deacetylation using NaOH 50% (w/v) with the ratio of 1:15 (g/mL) and refluxed for four hours in 1000C. Then, chitosan powder was used as coagulant for purifying the water of river that is contaminated with industrial waste. The examined variables were chitosan concentration of 0.01%, 0.4%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The treated waste was then analized by measuring the pH and the degree of turbidity. The yield of chitin from deproteination, demineralization, and deacetylation were 55.55%, 32,65%, and 69.25% respectively. While the yield of chitosan was 12.47%. The FTIR analysis showed the degree of deacetylation of chitin and chitosan were 27.75% and 80.06%, respectively. The coagulant made of chitosan could reduce the turbidity of the water up to 86.07% with the chitosan concentration of 0.4%.

Page 34 of 43 | Total Record : 426

 32   33   34   35   36 

Filter by Year

2012 2024


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 13, No 1 (2024): June 2024 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 2] Vol 12, No 2 (2023): December 2023 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 2] Vol 12, No 1 (2023): June 2023 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2] Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2] Vol 9, No 2 (2020): December 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 9, No 1 (2020): June 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 7, No 2 (2018): December 2018 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015 Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015 Vol 4, No 1 (2015): June 2015 Vol 4, No 1 (2015): June 2015 Vol 3, No 2 (2014): December 2014 Vol 3, No 2 (2014): December 2014 Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014 Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014 Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013 Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013 Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013 Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013 Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012 Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012 Vol 1, No 1 (2012): June 2012 Vol 1, No 1 (2012): June 2012 More Issue