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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI PEKTIN DARI BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi,L) Roikah, Sri; Rengga, Wara Dyah Pita; Latifah, Latifah; Kusumastuti, Ella
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5432

Abstract

Telah dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dari belimbing wuluhdengan variasi  suhu ekstraksi  60 dan 100°C, serta variasi waktu ekstraksi 30, 60, 90 dan 120 menit.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu ekstraksi terbaik. Proses ekstraksi dengan metode refluks menggunakan air destilatyang telah ditambahkan dengan asam klorida. Proses selanjutnya adalah pengendapkan,pencucian dan pengeringan. Pektin yang dihasilkan dianalisis kemudian pektin terbaik dipilih menggunakan perhitungan metode Bayes. Kondisi ekstraksi pektin terbaik adalah pada suhu 100°C dengan waktu ekstraksi 30 menit  dengan karakteristik sebagai beerikut: rendemen 0,38%, kadar abu 2,92%, kadar air 25,40%, berat ekivalen 650,77%, kadar metoksil 5,01%, kadar galakturonat 55,51%, derajat esterifikasi 51,25% dan viskositas 22cP. Pektin  hasil ekstraksi terbaik telah memenuhi standarInternational  Pectin Producers Assosiation (IPPA). Pektin terbaik memiliki warna coklat yang lebih gelap dibandingkan dengan pektin komersial. Hasil analisis FT-IR menunjukkan pektin terbaik dan pektin komersial  keduanya mengandung gugus fungsi O-H, C-H alifatik, C=O, CH3, dan C-O.
DRYING KINETICS OF OIL PALM FROND WASTE USING SIMPLE BATCH OVEN DRYER Halim, Abdul; Triwibowo, Bayu
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.4151

Abstract

Drying phenomena of oil palm frond waste as agriculture waste was observed using simple batch oven dryer. The operation temperatures were 50, 80 and 120 °C. The sample of oil palm frond was weighed periodically every 30 minutes. Moisture content, shrinkage phenomena and drying kinetic model were investigated to the difference operation temperature. Experimental result exhibited that temperature influent significantly to the drying rate. The water transport controlled by diffuse mechanism. Shrinkage occurred in radial direction and decreased the size to almost 65% from initial size. In longitudinal direction almost is not change of size.  
BIOKONVERSI SERAT KELAPA SAWIT MENJADI GLUKOSA DENGAN DILUTED-ACID HYDROTHERMAL TREATMENT Nata, Iryanti Fatyasari; Norlina, Norlina; Pangesti, Mira
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5264

Abstract

Fiber cake (FC) is a one of effluent of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry. This effluent can be decreased by using FC for bioethanol production. FC is actually Palm Kernel Press Cake (PKC) a residue of palm oil extraction, which containing 57.9% cellulose and 18% klason lignin, and containing 14.94% hemicellulose. This study aimed to determined the effect of fiber concentrations and reaction time for  glucose production to investigate the structure of morphology and crystalinity of the fiber cake before and after hydrothermal treatment. Fiber cake was treated by hydrothermal reactor using catalysts 2% H2SO4 (v/v) and 150 oC for 2 hour. Variations concentration of fiber cake which is 2.5%; 5%; 7.5%; and 10% w/v and time variations for 1, 2, 3, 4 hours. The highest glucose concentration was found at  2.5% FC for 3 hour about 2.336 ± 0.015 mg/mL. Scanning electron microscope (SEM analysis results and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) is known the smooth surface structure to be broken an rough after the hydrolysis process and also improvement of the crystal structure of fiber cake from 27.57% to 31.15%.
PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ASAM SITRAT TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI PATI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminata balbisiana Colla) Hardjono, Hardjono; suharti, profiyanti hermien; Permatasari, Dita Ayu; Sari, Vivi Alvionita
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.5965

Abstract

Banana peels can be used as raw material for biodegradable plastic film because the banana peels was consists of starch. Starch was derived from banana peels would be rapidly changing color or browning. Browning was prevented by the addition of citric acid during the process of starch extraction from banana peels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of citric acid on mechanical properties and capabilities degradation of starch biodegradable film made from this starch (film plastik pati kulit pisang – FPKP). FPKP was made with banana peel starch (pati kulit pisang – PKP) as raw materials, with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer, and both CaCO3 and CMC as filler, whereas the PKP was obtained by simple extraction methods with or without the addition of citric acid. Glycerol concentration was varied from 20% w/w to 60% w/w, while CaCO3 and CMC were added in a fixed amount. The results was showed that the addition of citric acid affects the color of a PKP produced. The addition of citric acid can enhance the tensile strength of FPKP, up to 4,202 MPa for FPKP with CaCO3 filler and 4.032 MPa for FPKP with CMC filler. For biodegrability of FPKP, the affect of citric acid apply vice versa.
Pengambilan Minyak Mikroalga Chlorella sp. dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction Barqi, Wildan Syaeful
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v3i1.5764

Abstract

Penelitian ini mengkaji metode yang effektif untuk mengambil kandungan minyak dalam mikroalga yang merupakan bahan baku potensial untuk produksi biodiesel. Proses pengambilan minyak mikroalga dilakukan dengan metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). Kelebihan MAE adalah waktu ekstraksi dan kebutuhan pelarut yang relatif rendah dibanding ekstraksi konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen terbesar dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi dengan microwave pada daya 450 W selama 20 menit dengan besar rendemen 0,547%. Berdasarkan uji GC-MS, minyak mikroalga hasil ekstraksi mengandung asam oleat, yang merupakan asam lemak tidak jenuh rantai panjang.This study examines effective methods to take the oil content in the microalgae which is a potential raw material for biodiesel production. Microalgae oil was extracted by using method of Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE). The advantages of using MAE is less amount of solvent consumption and needs relatively lower energy compared to conventional extraction. The results showed that the greatest yield of was obtained from extraction using  microwave power of 450 W for 20 minutes with a yield of 0.547%. According to GC-MS analysis, microalgae oil contain oleic acid, which is a long-chain unsaturated fatty acid.
EKSTRAKSI PEKTIN DARI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca) MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT HCl SEBAGAI EDIBLE FILM Megawati, Megawati; Machsunah, Elfi Lutfiyatul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i1.4177

Abstract

Pisang merupakan buah yang sering dikonsumsi oleh manusia, baik secara langsung setelahbuahnya matang ataupun diolah menjadi makanan lain. Kulit pisang biasanya hanya dibuang menjadi limbah, padahal didalam pisang terdapat kandungan pektin sebanyak 22,4%. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi pektin dengan bahan dasar kulit pisang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pisang yang banyak mengandung pektin, pengaruh variasi bahan serta jenis pelarut yang menghasilkan pektin maksimum. Percobaan dilakukan memakai  pisang kepok yang dikeringkan dan diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut dengan suhu ekstraksi 600 W, variasi berat bahan 10 dan 15 gram dengan waktu ekstraksi 20 menit. Dengan pelarut HCl. Hasil ekstraksi ditambahkan dengan etanol hingga terbentuk endapan, kemudian disaring dan di oven pada suhu 65 0C sampai berat konstan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan metode MAE kadar yield nya yaitu 16,53% lebih besar daripada menggunakan metode konvensional kadar yield nya yaitu 12,8%.
THE INFLUENCE OF STARTER VOLUME AND AIR FLOWRATE IN HOSPITAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT USING AEROBIC FIXED FILM BIOFILTER BATCH (AF2B) REACTOR Prayitno, Prayitno; Saroso, Hadi; Rulianah, Sri; Prastika, Mita
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7952

Abstract

BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free in the effluent of hospitals wastewater often exceed the quality standards. This was due to less optimal biological processes to degrade the pollutants. So we need an efforts to find optimal process conditions through the engineering process and the factors that affect the biodegradation of pollutants. On the other hand, AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped has a large specific surface area so as to maximize the biodegradation process of pollutants by microorganisms. While bacteria consortium consisting of several types of bacteria have a greater capacity than a single bacterium in the degradation of pollutants. The research aims to determine the effect of starter volume and air flowrate to decrease the concentration of pollutants (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free) in AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The research was conducted in three phase which are the making of growth curve, acclimatization and biodegradation of pollutants in an AF2B reactor batch using a bacterial consortium. The experiment variables are the starter volume (85%, 75%, 65% in volume), and the air flowrate (2.5; 5; and 7.5 liter/min). Materials used are hospital waste water and bacterial consortium. The experiment begins with setting up the AF2B reactor containing biofilter with bee nest shaped and then filled it with a starter from the acclimatization process on a given volume and followed by supplies of air at a certain flowrate. Then hospital waste water and 5% of nutrients were added till reach 10 liters of total volume in reactor. Samples were taken every 30 minutes for up to 360 minutes of biodegradation process. The samples were then analyzed its pollutants concentration (BOD, COD, phenol and ammonia-free). The BOD concentration was analyzed using Winkler bottles method, COD using open reflux method, while phenol and ammonia-free using UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the starter volume and air flowrate affect the decrease of pollutants concentration till reach quality standard, which at starter volume of 85%, air flowrate of 7.5 liter/min and biodegradation time of 360 min can reduce the BOD, COD, phenol, and ammonia-free to 92%, 86%, 88% and 76% respectively.
PEMURNIAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT 3A SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU OBAT KULIT Suharmadi, Sri Handayani; Enjarlis, Enjarlis
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6467

Abstract

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the feedstock for the production of cocozone oil, a substance that can be used as a medicine for several skin problems. This work is aimed to find the best method for producing VCO with low water content which is the prerequisite to be a suitable feedstock of cocozone oil. Two methods of VCO production i.e. agitation in room temperature (30oC) and cooling at 5oC for 24 hours were compared. The amount of zeolite 3A added to 20 ml of VCO was varied on 10, 20, and 30 gram. It is found that the agitation method with 30 gram zeolite 3A can lower the water content down to 30%.
ADSORPTION OF NICKEL IN NICKEL SULPHATE SOLUTION (NISO4) BY LAPINDO MUD Syarwani, Muchamad; Hadiantoro, Sigit
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7963

Abstract

This research has been carried out to produce adsorbent from Lapindo mud through various activation process, to adsorb nickel from nickel sulfate solution. Several investigations were performed in this research such as characterization of Lapindo mud before and after activation, effect of physical, chemical and chemico-physical activation to Si/Al ratio and determine the most effective method to produce adsorbent with high adsorption rate. Lapindo mud in this research was prepared through several methods such as without activation, calcination at 500 °C for 3 hours, chemical activation with 6 N HCl under reflux for 6 hours, chemical activation with 6 N NaOH under reflux for 6 hours, chemical activation with 6 N HCl under reflux followed by calcination process and the last treatment is chemical activation with 6 N NaOH under reflux followed by calcination process. The object of this research is the Lapindo mud adsorbent ability to adsorb Ni from NiSO4 solution. While activation methods and nickel concentration in this become independent variable. The reduction of nickel concentration efficiency is determined by the nickel concentration before and after adsorption process. The Si/Al ratio of Lapindo mud before activation process was 3.01 and it increase as the mud is activated. The highest Si/Al ratio was found at activation using HCl which is 7.85. Chemical activation using NaOH was found to be the best method to create the adsorbent with adsorption capacity 98.3%.
PEMBUATAN BIOADITIF TRIACETIN DENGAN KATALIS PADAT SILICA ALUMINA Aktawan, Agus; Mufrodi, Zahrul
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Semarang State University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.8306

Abstract

Triasetin is a bioaditif to increase the octane number of the gasoline. Triasetin was generated from the reaction between giserol and acetic acid. Glycerol is a byproduct of biodiesel production. Triasetin production can reduce glycerol which is actually a waste by converting it into bioaditif having higher value. The reaction can be accelerated by addition of catalysts either solid or liquid catalyst. The reaction in this study used a solid catalyst types Silica Alumina. The reaction takes place in the three-neck flask reactor which is equipped with heating unit, mixers, and tools to take samples at regular intervals. Variables used in this research is the variety of  reaction time and the reaction temperature (70, 80, 90, 100, and 1100C). The concentration of triasetin obtained will be known through the analysis of Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of the analysis of GC or GC-MS treated or counted so getting glycerol conversion and selectivity of triasetin. The highest glycerol conversion 8,45% occurs at a temperature of 700C the reaction time of 90 minutes with triasetin selectivity 100%.

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