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Waste Technology
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Articles 111 Documents
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Employing Watermelon rind, Polyurethane Sponges, and Cotton fibers as Bio-carriers mohammed mansour
Waste Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/9.2.23-28

Abstract

Water scarcity in Egypt is a critical issue that threats all the life fields such as industry and agriculture sectors. So, searching for alternative water resources was the key solution by depending on treating dairy wastewater in order to provide sufficient treated water enough to reuse in other fields. Integrated fixed film activated sludge process (IFAS) was employed as a biological treatment process. A laboratory pilot was established as a simulation of the biological treatment process. The laboratory pilot consists of primary sedimentation tank, aeration tank, and final settling tank with dimensions of 50 × 25× 25 cm for each. Three bio-carriers were used as IFAS Media with different filling ratio in order to achieve COD, BOD, TN, and TP removal efficiency. Watermelon rind was used in the first experimental trial, then Polyurethane sponges in the second experimental trial, and Cotton fibers in the third experimental trial. After analyzing the physicochemical characteristics of dairy wastewater samples, it was clear that Cotton fibers was the most effective in removing BOD, BOD, TN, and TP concentrations with removal efficiency of  88.35%, 88.3%, 76 %, and 69.3% respectively.
Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management Analysis at UNS Hostpital Indonesia Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Ardhitya Rio Febrian; Aini Mar’atush Sholekha; Asih Kinanthi; Frista Ananda Rizky; Berlian Warit Amalia; Damayanti Miftachus Sholichah; Yhagie Titis Wis Dhinanti
Waste Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/9.2.29-36

Abstract

National development is increasing every year driven by infrastructure development in all fields including hospitals. Hospitals and health care facilities produce B3 waste that enters the environment through soil, water, air, and biota media. The UNS Hospital is a hospital with service types A, B, and C located in Kartasura District, Sukoharjo Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. The method used in this study observation and interviews. The data collected is for B3 waste management which includes reduction and sorting, storage, transportation, and processing. The data obtained were than analyzed descriptively and compared with Permenkes No. 7 of 2019 regarding hospital environmental health and Government Regulation No. 22 of 2021 regarding environment management. Basically, there are 2 types of waste generated by UNS Hospital, namely medical and non-medical. Currently, UNS Hospital distinguishes waste into 2 types, namely Covid and Non-Covid. There are 6 stages of waste management in UNS Hospital, namely as follows. Sorting is carried out in each ward or treatment room by sorting waste according to its type. Waste packaging, safety box provided. The collection is by sorting the waste put into the trash and then transported by Cleaning Service in a special trolley and collected at the TPS. Storage of medical waste 1-2 days while non-medical 1 year. The transportation and processing of waste is carried out by a third party. Hazardous and toxic waste is one of the materials that requires special handling. The agency that will handle B3 waste must have permit or certification related to the management carried out. UNS Hospital is a health care agency that participates in producing B3 waste with good waste management according to existing regulations.
A Review on Biomedical Waste Management Shridhar Shrimant Bagali; Bychapur Siddaiah Gowrishankar; Sachin Shrimant Bagali
Waste Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/9.2.1-5

Abstract

With the growth of healthcare facilities, the amount of biomedical waste produced every day is growing. If biomedical waste management is done correctly, many of the problems can be avoided. Segregation, storage, processing, transportation, and disposal of biomedical waste are all common practices undertaken as part of health care waste management. It involves interdisciplinary relationships in organizational, planning, administrative, financial, engineering, legal, and human resource creation. Medical waste management necessitates dedication from healthcare providers at all levels. The risks and value of their "contribution" are feared in a system run by reckless and untrained personnel. Also trained medical professionals, such as hospital managers, private and governmental institutes, clinics, and universities, need to be taught about the rules for disposing of biomedical waste. The importance of biomedical waste, its interaction with the ecosystem, the environmental pollutants used in the health care industry, and the effect of callousness on public health are all topics that are still largely unknown. To achieve better results, we must raise the level of training and education in biomedical waste and environmentally sustainable health care as quickly as possible, while adhering to all applicable rules and regulations.
Effect of cement kiln dust, lime and fly ash on metal leaching characteristics of oil sands tailings from Alberta, Canada Mohsen Saeedi; Mahmoud Mahmoud
Waste Technology Vol 9, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/9.2.6-13

Abstract

The oil sands industry of Alberta generates huge amounts of tailings in a slurry form that typically require up to 40 years to consolidate in very large tailings ponds which are up to 150 m in height.  Cement kiln dust (CKD), a byproduct of the ordinary Portland cement manufacturing process, as well as lime and fly ash, collectively referred to as geopolymers, may have the potential to reduce the tailings slurry consolidation period from 40 years, thus affecting the sustainability of such tailings facilities.  However, first, it must be demonstrated that these geopolymers will also decrease the metal leaching from thickened tailings (TT) and mature fine tailings (MFT) from the oil sands industry. This study was focused on the use of geopolymers to reduce the environmental impact of TT- and MFT-tailings in the Alberta oil sands industry. Toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP) and static leaching test (SLT) was used to examine the leaching of metals from tailings, with the SLT test effectively mimicking the leaching process in the tailings ponds environment. Under non-acidic conditions corresponding to the SLT test results, iron concentrations with values of about 530-705 ppm were found to be lower than previous studies on oil sand tailing ponds (2400 ppm).  Results showed that geopolymer amendment of TT and MFT significantly reduced the leaching of heavy metals.  SLT tests showed that amendment of MFT with 7% CKD decreased Pb, Mn, and Fe leaching, whereas TT-amended with 4% CKD decreased Cu, Pb, Zn, Mn, and Fe. Overall, the CKD amendment of TT showed more than 95% efficiency in the reduction of leaching of all heavy metals.  In TCLP tests, TT-amended with 2% FA decreased the leaching of Pb and Ni to acceptable levels with substantial efficiency in reducing the leaching of Fe, Cu, and Zn. TCLP tests also showed that among different amendments, TT-amended with 4% CKD or 2% FA were the most effective proportions for controlling metal leaching from TT, while MFT-amended with 7% lime/FA or 3% CKD were the effective proportions for reducing metal leaching from MFT. Thus, it is deduced that CKD at 3%-4% w/w amendment would work best for reducing leachate levels of both TT and MFT.  While amendment of tailings by means of a combination of fly ash and lime also were effective in reducing the leaching of metals, these two geopolymers were not as effective as the CKD amendment. 
IMPACT OF EFFLUENT DISCHARGE AND SEASONAL VARIATIONS ON THE QUALITY OF EKEMAZU STREAM IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA. HILDA ABIOLA EMMANUEL-AKERELE
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.7-16

Abstract

The impact of effluent discharge and seasonal variations on the quality of Ekemazu was determined. Total heterotrophic bacterial counts and most probable number was determined using standard microbiological procedures. The total heterotrophic bacteria counts in the upstream samples analyzed across the seasons varied between 4.8 ± 0.4 x 102 cfu/ml and 8.7 ± 0.1 x 102 cfu/ml, 36.0 ± 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml and 98.0 ± 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml in the effluent discharge point, 53.0 ± 6.0 x 102 cfu/ml and 85.0 ± 3.0 x 102 cfu/ml in the domestic activities point and 46.0 ± 4.0 x 102 cfu/ml and 78.0 ± 2.0 x 102 cfu/ml in the downstream. The total coliform counts ranged between 11.3 ± 0.9 MPN/100 ml and 19.0 ± 1.0 MPN/100 ml in the upstream, 20.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 37.5 ± 2.5 MPN/100 ml in the effluent discharge point, 18.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 35.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml in the domestic activities point and 17.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 22.5 ± 2.5 MPN/100 ml in the downstream. The faecal coliform counts in the upstream ranged between 6.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 8.0 ± 1.0 MPN/100 ml, 9.0 ± 1.0 MPN/100 ml and 13.0 ± 1.0 MPN/100 ml in the effluent discharge point, 9.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 11.5 ± 0.5 MPN/100 ml in the domestic activities point, 8.0 ± 0 MPN/100 ml and 10.0 ± 0.8 MPN/100 ml in the downstream. Organisms identified were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis, Aeromonas hydrophilia, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus faecalis. Antimicrobial susceptibility test of isolates showed that the organisms were 14% sensitive to Meropenem, Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin, Erythromycin and Gentamicin, 29% sensitive to Septrin and Chloramphenicol 43% sensitive to Amikacin, Ampicillin, and Gentamicin, This research clearly showed that bacterial load of the stream is higher than the WHO acceptable limit and the isolates are multidrug resistant.
Street waste pickers: A case for Appropriate Technology, Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Vusumuzi Malele
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.17-23

Abstract

Street waste pickers, pushing their trolleys, are an everyday sight in many cities in South Africa. These paper reports on the pragmatic approach that was used to explore whether or not waste pickers/collectors need or already have the appropriate technology to conduct their daily activities. In this regard, street waste pickers in the northern part of Pretoria were interviewed to solicit information regarding the access to appropriate technologies and why they think there is a need for such technologies in their environment. The focus of the study was to assess the waste pickers environment as a potential innovation space for appropriate technology (AT). It was found that the environment provide a platform for the development of related AT research and development as well as social entrepreneurship and innovation. 
Awareness Analysis of Batik Craftsmen Regarding the Toxic and Hazardous Waste of the Batik Industry in Kampung Batik Laweyan (Case Study: Afina Batik) Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Muhammad Nur Sulton; Mochamad Erwantyo Nugroho; Murni Nurwulandari; Nurma Chandrasari; Rinoa Salsabila Izdihar; Zuhro Ainaya Risyafa
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.24-29

Abstract

The Batik industry is one of the industrial sectors that has an important role in improving the economy. As time goes by, the demand for batik is increasing. Not only favored by adults and the upper class, but batik is also increasingly favored by the youngsters. Therefore, batik industry craftsmen continue to follow technological developments in order to be able to meet the demand for batik, as in the batik industrial area of Kampung Batik Laweyan. Some of the equipment used is still relatively simple, but the use of chemicals has been carried out for quite a long time because the price of batik materials continues to increase. In fact, if the industrial waste is not handled properly, it can pollute the river. This shows that some batik industry perpetrators do not yet have a full level of awareness and responsibility for the output of batik making. Therefore, comprehensive research is needed on toxic and hazardous waste management in order to determine the perception of craftsmen towards toxic and hazardous waste and increase the awareness of craftsmen towards toxic and hazardous waste. Based on research conducted at Afina Batik using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches, information was obtained that some craftsmen did not know the types and dangers of chemical waste produced. In fact, there are chemicals used in the coloring process, such as napthol and chrome soga, which pose a risk of danger.
A proposed digital control system using a mobile application for municipal solid waste management in South Africa Adeleye Ayoade Adeniran; Winston Shakantu; Emma Ayesu- Koranteng
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.30-42

Abstract

The generation and handling of waste are significant challenges to developing nations like South Africa. Studies show that improper disposal of waste results in un-aesthetic, unhygienic and other health-related issues in developing nations. In addition, waste is usually generated as a result of daily activities of humans and animals; and in developing countries, the generation of waste per unit of output is much higher than that of the developed countries; and coupled with this is the challenge of effectively integrating a solid waste management system in South Africa. This paper reviewed and analysed literature to provide a theoretical framework for understanding waste and the role that digitisation could play in its management. The research shows that sustainable and digital waste monitoring can be achieved in South Africa if there is a proper plan, effective environmental policy and cooperation between the government, private sector, partners and the citizens. Moreover, if waste handling can be harnessed into a local economic development opportunity, its handlers and generators could be persuaded to manage the waste differently and properly. This would, further, create employment and revenue generation opportunities as well as a greener environment.  
The Effect of Disposable Mask Waste on Environmental Pollution in the Pandemic Era in Surakarta City Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Jilan Ashila; Layyinatussyifa A’yuni Fatikha; Maulyda Shofa Azizia; Muhammad Fadhillah Armando; Muhammad Reynaldi Putrayuda; Nimas Wahyu Silaningtyas
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.43-49

Abstract

The Covid-19 virus was recorded to have been found in Indonesia since March 2, 2020. This virus is a virus that is easily contagious, so it is one of the efforts to prevent transmission by using a mask. so that everyone is required to wear a medical or non-medical mask when doing activities outside the home. Of the two types of masks that are more often used, namely the type of medical masks that are used because they are considered safer and more comfortable than non-medical masks. However, after use, the mask turns into the garbage which is classified as B3 waste. Hazardous waste has different characteristics and properties from waste in general because it is unstable, reactive, explosive, flammable, and toxic. In this case, once the mask waste is immediately disposed of without processing, the environment can be explained. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of knowing the effect of disposable medical waste on environmental pollution during the pandemic era in Surakarta City. The method used in this study is a questionnaire method which was conducted through online media surveys targeting people aged 17-25 years and supported by data from indexed literature studies. The results of this study indicate that out of a total of 45 respondents, the community is very aware of B3 waste (80%), knows that B3 waste is harmful to health (100%), likes disposable medical masks (58%), understands disposable medical waste including B3 waste. (82%). Meanwhile, for the management of disposable mask waste, it shows that people still store medical mask waste at home (93%), understand the proper disposal of disposable mask waste (78%), have not differentiated it from other waste (60%), have not implemented 3R (76%) ) ), cutting medical waste before disposal (78%), understanding that medical mask waste is harmful to the environment (100%).
ELECTROCHEMICAL WASTE WATER TREATMENT S M Nazmuz Sakib
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.1.1-6

Abstract

Wastewater got much of our intention these days because wastewater is polluting our lakes, pounds and even sea have a lot of contaminated amount of waste. This water is hazardous for the acute life, dangerous for living things. Wastewater polluted the natural reservoirs. Over the past, the knowledge of the mechanisms of electrochemical wastewater treatment has progressively evolved. A comprehensive understanding of the types of methods and mechanisms of treatment of wastewater is a prerequisite to the understanding of their relativities and elucidation of intermediate products generated during the oxidation process and degradation pathways. The type, nature, and quantity of reactive species generated in electrochemical treatment processes are controlled by many factors, including the type of the treatment technique, electrode/electro catalyst materials, water/wastewater composition, water pH conditions, and operating parameters are to be considered. Multiple methods such as separation, conversion and combined methods are used for treatment. However, basic principle works on the electrochemical mechanism. This article gives the basic idea of electrochemical methods working principles, techniques being considered. It will also help us understand the by products recovery of different metal ions and how they converted into useful form. Best methods based on the efficiency and economic value. Feasibility of long term and short term methods for the treatment of wastewater.

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