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Waste Technology
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Science, Education,
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Articles 111 Documents
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The Effect of Sawdust Concentration on Biogas Production from Chicken Dung in Anaerobic Co-Digestion Budiyono Budiyono; Andrew Christian Timothy Prasetyo; Grace Sheilla Kristiani Handoko; Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.%p

Abstract

Resources of oil and natural gas which are derived from fossil energy are wane more and more. One of the research of alternative energy are the production of biogas. Biogas is formed when organic material is degraded by microorganisms in anerobic conditions. Biogas consists of methane gas (50-70%), carbon dioxide (30-50%), and also includes small amounts of other compounds such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen gas (N2) and water vapor. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of pretreatment on the biogas yield produced, examine the effect of adding nutrients to the biogas yield produced, and examine the effect of the C/N ratio value on the biogas yield produced. Anaerobic fermentation is a series of biological processes that convert organic matter into CH4 and CO2 and also convert S compounds to H2S in the absence of oxygen (O2) by anaerobic microorganisms consisting of four primary stages. In biogas production research, the variables used are the C/N ratio, pretreatment of raw materials, and the addition of nutrients. This research includes three processes, there are the preparation process, the operation process, and the result analysis. It is known that chemical pretreatment using acids results in greater biogas products. Then, the results were obtained that biogas with C/N 30 produced more biogas products. The liquid state (L-AD) method produces more biogas than the solid state (SS-AD) method. The HCl pretreatment variable with C/N ratio of 30, and TS 10% produces the largest kinetics rate compared to other variables.
A Review of Biopolymer-Based Membrane and Its Application in Oil Emulsion Wastewater Treatment Daffa Ikhlasul Amal
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.18-23

Abstract

This review paper will conduct mainly about oil-water emulsion treatment using biopolymer-based ultrafiltration membrane. Oil emulsion wastewater mainly use ultrafiltration process for its treatment due to its continuable process, high efficiency and low energy usage but they are relied on conventional non-degradable membrane which is made from synthetic polymer. The usage of conventional non-degradable membrane has given another waste problem in which reduces the sustainability of ultrafiltration process based on environmental perspective, therefore the degradable membrane material should be developed to increase its sustainability and reduce another waste problem. Biopolymer development has reach numbers in several years, it developing within year to year. Biopolymer such as chitosan, alginate and polylactic acid can be applied on ultrafiltration system in which it can be degradable through bio-degradation with or without modification. Modification through biopolymer in membrane fabrication for ultrafiltration will improve some characteristic that can lead to high efficiency and compability in ultrafiltration process especially for oil emulsion wastewater treatment.
Shampoo Formulation Based on Banana Extract Using The Maceration Method Winsu Broto; Fahmi Arifan; Oktaviani Kusuma Wardani; Mirza Muhammad Faisal; Arwinda Nugraheni
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.67-70

Abstract

To maximize the utilization of natural resources in Sugihmanik Village, especially kepok bananas, a shampoo product was made from banana peel extract. Through existing literature studies, it turns out that banana peel itself contains antioxidant flavonoids which are proven to be able to protect the scalp from attacks by free radicals and UV rays which can inhibit hair growth. These flavonoids can also repair damaged hair structures and can stimulate new hair growth, so it can be said that banana peels have the potential to become raw materials for making anti-loss shampoos. Variations in this study were modifications to the addition of extracts to 3 shampoo formulation preparations, namely 20%; 30% and 40% banana peel extract which had previously been mashed and soaked for 3 days and extracted by maceration method
Community Participation in Domestic Waste Management in Vim Village Abepura District Jayapura City Lazarus Ramandei
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.24-27

Abstract

Household waste production is increasing every day as the number of products and consumption patterns increases. To overcome the waste volume increase can be done by: reducing the volume of waste from the source through community empowerment. The research on community-based waste management in Vim Village Abepura District Jayapura City aims to: (1) obtain an overview of community-based waste management planning and process, (2) to inventory challenges and opportunities in domestic waste management, (3) community-based waste management. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative, that is research which intends to describe phenomenon that happened at research location. Data collection techniques include interviews, questionnaires, observations and documentation, while the data analysis uses qualitative descriptive techniques. The result of this research concludes that domestic waste management in Vim Village Jayapura City can reduce waste disposal to TPA, but not optimally implemented either in sorting and or in composting because of limited facilities and infrastructure. The composition of waste generation in Vim Village Jayapura City consists of: organic garbage 50.75%, plastic 17.14%, 19.42% paper, glass/metal 12.70%. Organic waste utilized to compost will reduce waste generation and reduce environmental burden, while sorting result not only can reduce waste generation but also can be sold or managed so as to increase revenue. Suggestions based on the results of the research can be given as follows: (1) Government needs to do more socialization about waste management. (2) Waste management is done with 3R principles (reduce, reuse, recycle). 
Chemical Characterization of Instant Powder Based on Dutch Eggplant Peel and Seed Waste Using the Foam Drying Method Fahmi Arifan; Wisnu Broto; Oktaviani Kusuma Wardani; Siti Fatimah
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.71-75

Abstract

Chemical content of Dutch eggplant shell waste and seeds Each 500 mL extract contains sugar (0.46), crude fiber (1.98), vitamin C (0.0716), anthocyanin (122.57) and pH (5.9) . Where with some of the ingredients contained in the skin and seeds of Dutch eggplant skin waste and seeds, it can be processed into an instant powder drink that is beneficial to the health of the human body, one of which is preventing free radicals and treating hypertension. This study aims to determine the formulation and specifications of instant drink powder made from waste skins and seeds from waste Dutch eggplant shells and seeds using the foam drying method and the addition of sucrose as a sweetener. In this study the experiments used RAL with 2 times in a row and variable sucrose concentration (10%; 15%; 20%), stirring time (30 minutes; 45 minutes; 1 hour) and a comparison of air and eggplant. (1:1; 1:2; 1:3) In this study the vitamin C test, organoleptic test and fiber test were analyzed. So the result is that the best vitamin test is obtained by adding 10% sucrose with an absorbance value of 0.303. the level of preference of the organoleptic panelists on the variable addition of 20% sucrose and for the highest fiber content was around 30% on the variable addition of 20% sucrose.
Analysis of Sebelas Maret University Students Insight of Cosmetic Waste Management that has Hazardous and Toxic Content Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Muhammad Amjad Hamy Faqiih; Muhammad Yusuf Muharram Bayu Aji; Silvi Puspita Sari; Ulfi Hanum; Vania Maharani Rizky Pratiwi
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.28-34

Abstract

Cosmetics contain chemicals including formaldehyde, fragrance and even heavy metals such as lead or mercury. So indirectly cosmetic packaging waste must also contain harmful chemicals and belong to waste B3. Toxic hazardous material waste (waste B3) is waste that contains harmful and toxic substances, so that it can directly or indirectly pollute and damage the environment, disrupt health, and threaten the survival of humans and other organisms. The awareness of students of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta towards B3 waste management can be seen from their understanding of the dangers and how to handle B3 waste in the environment around the residence. An understanding of B3 waste is important in shaping a person's attitude or behavior towards the sustainability of the surrounding environment. The purpose of this study is to find out how much information and knowledge is owned by students of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta related to the management of B3 cosmetic waste in the surrounding environment. The analysis method used in this study is a descriptive analysis method whose descriptive explanation of the data obtained regarding the knowledge of Sebelas Maret University students on B3 cosmetic waste.  The data collected is in the form of primary data conducted through questionnaires and secondary data from valid sources. The results showed that the knowledge of students of Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta about B3 cosmetic waste was relatively good. However, for B3 waste management is still not good enough proven from 50 respondents only 30 respondents who stated that using the 3R method (reuse, reduce, recycle) on B3 cosmetic waste, the remaining 20 respondents answered never or just thrown away and there was only one respondent who ever sent B3 cosmetic waste to the authorities sent to the installation "Waste for Change". However, 49 respondents were willing to change their attitude by doing 3R before they disposed of B3 cosmetic waste directly. From the results of this study, it is expected that the campus will hold socialization about the dangers of B3 waste to its students because students also indirectly also produce B3 waste.
Treatment of Natural Rubber Wastewater using Photoactive Nanocomposite Membrane PSf/sulfonated ZnO: Performance Evaluation, HAZOP, and Risk Analysis Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Widayat Widayat; Hadiyanto Hadiyanto
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.35-49

Abstract

The application of nanocomposite membranes for high organic wastewater treatment faces several problems such as impurities and low permeate flux. In this study, sulfonated ZnO nanoparticles were incorporated in the PSf membrane. SEM images reveal that sZnO has good compatibility with PSf polymers and the FTIR spectrum also forms sulfonic acid groups on the composite membrane. The addition of sZnO into PSf increased the PWF value but overloading caused a significant decrease. The surface hydrophilicity of the membrane was also enhanced by the incorporation of sZnO into the PSf membrane. The performance evaluation showed a significant increase in flux from 9.0 to 14.5 L.m-2.h-1 and a disappointment rate for ammonium ion (NH4+) up to 87%. Increased hydrophilicity was also revealed by decreasing the air contact angle from 79.33° to 55.67°. PVA-coated membranes can increase COD rejection up to ~88%, which is 8 times higher than uncoated composite membranes. The PVA coating also reduced the tendency of organic fouling on the membrane during rubber wastewater filtration by reducing the total fouling resistance from 14.2 x 10-11 to 9.91 x 10-11 m-1. The HAZOP and risk analysis were also studied in this work regarding on their practical application in industrial scale..
The Influence of Community Behavior on Water Quality of The Anyar River in Surakarta City Based on Physical-Chemical Parameters Inggrid Trifena Yulia; Ilhamnul Zain Satria Negara; Snada Indah Tuk Negari; Muchammad Sholiqin; Siti Rachmawati
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.1-9

Abstract

The Anyar River is a tributary of the Bengawan Solo River, which is located in the city of Surakarta. The Anyar River has a watershed area of approximately 305.2 km2 and the length of the main river from the Anyar River is approximately 61.96 km. This river is important for people's lives, but the awareness of the surrounding community is still lacking, as evidenced by several community houses that there is still feces disposal from the septic tank, which is channeled directly to the Anyar River through pipes. The surrounding community did not hold any cleaning activities for the Anyar River, only a rule from the local RT not to throw garbage in the Anyar River. When the dry season arrives, the water in the Anyar River will recede and will occasionally be polluted when it is dry. These things will certainly affect the quality of the water in the Anyar River. This study aims to determine the effect of community behavior on the water quality of the Anyar River, Surakarta City, based on water physico-chemical parameters. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method, obtained through observation and interviews as well as several journal articles related to physical and chemical parameters in water. The results of this study indicate that at the three main location points in the Anyar River, no water pollution was found based on the results of measurements of physical-chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, DO, TDS, and turbidity. However, at location point II, the branch was found to be more polluted because it was used by local residents for direct disposal. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that the awareness of citizens to maintain water quality in the Anyar River is still a bit lacking, so some recommendations are given by inviting residents to work together to clean the river; make IPAL and household water disposal (septic tank) independently; emphasize not to throw garbage in the river; and residents can take advantage of PAHs during the rainy season.
Biogas Production from Solid Jamu Waste Production Traditional with Anaerobic Process Liquid State – Anaerobic Digestion (LS - AD) Method Siswo Sumardiono; Bakti Jos; Abdullah Farhan; Nearya Sondang; Heri Cahyono
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.50-57

Abstract

Biogas is a flammable gas produced from the fermentation process of organic materials by anaerobic bacteria. The principle of making biogas is the anaerobic decomposition of organic matter (closed from free air) to produce gas, mostly methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2). One source of organic material that can be used as raw material for making biogas is the waste contents of the beef rumen. The anaerobic decomposition process is assisted by a number of microorganisms, especially methane-producing bacteria. The first generation of biogas is biogas produced by food derivatives and the process is still conventional. One of the agricultural wastes that can be developed into biogas is jamu waste. Jamu dregs contain high crude fiber, which is 39.72% of the dry weight. Where crude fiber is thought to help in the fermentation process. This research will examine the effect of time on biogas production with the composition of the raw material for jamu waste, the effect of pre-treatment of C/N ratio on biogas production and the effect of Total Solid Substrate on biogas production. Biogas production is carried out through hydrolysis, acidogenesis and methanogenesis stages. The total solid ratio are set in Liquid State condition with 3, 7, 11 and 15% variant of total solid content and the pretreatment of the nutrient ratio of the substrate C/N 20, 22, 24 and 26. The biogas formation process was carried out for 2 months, with a quantitative test response in the form of biogas volume and CODMn removal per 2 days.
Hazardous and Toxic Solid Waste Analysis at Covid-19 Isolation Site (Case Study: Hotel X Bojonegoro Regency) Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Adhistie Fadila Setyaputri; Arlinda Dwi Restanti; Auriga Wahyu Widyadana Ramadhan; Cahya Maulidta Rohman; Desma Asty Pramudita; Dhea Gita Fitri Sagitarian
Waste Technology Vol 10, No 2 (2022)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/10.2.10-17

Abstract

Covid-19 is one of the pandemics that be a problem in Indonesia. This condition becomes one of the urgencies that must be handling seriously to break the chain of transmission. The one ways to handling can be taken by isolating people who are suspected and infected with the corona virus. Bojonegoro is one of the cities in Indonesia that implemented solutions with isolation. As a seriously action to handling can be seen by making Hotel X Bojonegoro for isolation locations. Handling carried out at this location bring a correlation to the emergence of solid waste from covid patients where it becomes one of the sources of B3 waste. This research aims to find out the management of B3 waste (medical solid) at Hotel X in Bojonegoro Regency which is used as a place for isolation of covid-19 patients. The type of research that used in this study is qualitative descriptive with the location of the research determined intentionally (purposive). This study uses primary data obtained from the results of interview methods and uses secondary data derived from literature studies of various existing data and research and correlated to the theme of this study. The results of the investigation showed that the source of waste came from activities in dealing with covid-19 patients so that all kinds of goods that have contact with patients are considered in this type of waste categorized as B3 waste management is done with coordination on third parties which is taken by officers and brought pharmaceutical and medical device installations (INFALKES) for further handling process. In its processing operations are carried out with incentives of funds provided by the government. With this research, it is expected that the supervision of B3 waste can provide more supervision of B3 waste management in hotels where covid-19 isolation is located.

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