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The Performance of Activated Natural Zeolitess for Color Adsorption of Naphthol and Heavy Metal Cr Used in Batik Industry Christine Indira Rinai Pangesti
Waste Technology ARTICLE IN PRESS
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/0.0.%p

One of the most developed industry in Indonesia is batik industry. Batik industry in 2006 amounted to 48,287 business units spread over 17 provinces, and employed 792,300 people. The main source of waste in the batik industry is the use of dyes which are known to contain heavy metals Cr and naphthol dyes. One of the absorbents that can be utilized is natural zeolites. In this research there will be wastewater treatment of batik industry in the form of synthetic solution containing heavy metal Cr and naphthol dyes with adsorption method using natural zeolites. The research method using experimental method with quantitative descriptive data. This research used different heating treatment for zeolites activation process, namely 1500, 3000, 4500 and 600 0C. Unsaturated zeolitess will be compared with their adsorption effectiveness by absorbance measurement method using UV-VIS spectrophotometer and atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From this research that has been done, it is expected to know the effectiveness of adsorption from the two natural zeolitess from Purworejo and Ponorogo to the adsorption ability of naphthol dyes and heavy metals Cr. So it can be known that natural zeolites has better adsorption ability comes from Ponorogo.Key words: Adsorption, Batik Waste, Natural Zeolitess, Zeolites Activation

Biogas production potential from a native beverage vinasse of Mexico Abumalé Cruz-Salomón
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

This work presents the results of the physicochemical characterization and evaluates the potential of vinasse (a wastewater obtained from local beverage of Chiapas, Mexico) as nutrient source for biogas production by anaerobic digestion in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactor. This wastewater contains high level of organic matter, 120.2 ± 18.4 g O2/L of chemical organic demand (COD), 0.77 biodegradability index (BI), and a ratio 21:1 of C/N. The UASB bioreactor had a working volume of 4 L, at 32 oC, 10 days of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The COD removal was of 91 %, the production of methane was 1860 mL/day and 264.83 mL CH4/gCOD of biochemical methane potential (BMP). As such, the UASB bioreactor fed with vinasse can be sustainable alternative for the bioenergy production from wastewater, shifting the paradigm of wastewater management from ‘treatment and disposal’ to ‘beneficial utilization’ as well as ‘profitable endeavor’.

THE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF PROCESS VARIABLES TOWARDS BIOADSORBENT PERFORMANCE OF MODIFIED PALM BUNCH FOR THE REDUCTION OF 3-MCPD ON THE PALM OIL Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih; Mohamad Endy Yulianto; Rizka Amalia; Eflita Yohana
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/5.2.%p

Crude palm oil was consumed as a healthy food oil, it contains a 3-monochloro-propane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ester in the range of 0.04-0.05 ppm. The 3-MCPD compound is one of the contaminants belonging to the chloropropanol group that is genotoxin carcinogen. The 3-MCPD ester content specification in palm oil is still a polemic, but some EU countries already use it as a barrier of palm oil trade in the European region. It is therefore necessary to develop an integrated palm oil refining through adsorption with a modified palm empty fruit bunch bioadsorbent to reduce 3-MCPD ester (<0.02 ppm / Codex Standard).

Daily Accumulation and Impacts of Marine Litter on The Shores of Selayar Island Coast, South Sulawesi Roni Hermawan; Ario Damar; Sigid Hariyadi
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

West coast of Selayar facing solid marine litter during west monsoon period December until March, marine litter come from floating litter, carried by sea surface current and deposited along the west coast. Marine litter deposited on the west coast affected social, economic and ecological. This study aims to determine type, weight, density and distribution of marine litter; the impact of litter on water quality; the impact of economic, social and environmental ecosystems. Retrieved data using line transect at 7 observation points. Litter size were observed (> 2.5 cm) or macro litter. Floating litter and daily incresing of litters were also analyzed. Inorganic waste density is 14.3 ± 2.97 items/m2 for the number of pieces and 564.8 ± 196.1 g/m2 for waste weight. Daily accumulation was about 1 445 ± 1 743 g/m/day, the number of pieces 14.3 ± 8 item/m/day, cubication 0.0187 ± 0.019 m3/m/day. The impacts on seagrass and biota such as broken leaves, crushed and organism rafting on floating litter some types of coral such as Favia fragum, types of crustaceans such as Balanus. sp, Lepas. sp, Dosima. sp which affect the bio-diversity.

Extraction of Natural Dyes from Palm’s Empty Fruit Bunches and Their Application on Cotton Fabric Wusana Agung Wibowo
Waste Technology Vol 5, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/5.2.%p

Natural dyes was extracted from palm’s empty fruit bunches (PEFB) by water extraction and applied for cotton fabric dyeing. The extracted dyes was characterized by liquid mass spectrometry and dyed cotton fabric was characterized by color fastnest to laundering and rubbing tests. Experimental results showed that soxhlet extraction process of PEFB for 80 minutes yielded 13.8%bw of solid dyes to naturally-dried PEFB with 4.15%bw of tannins. Furthermore, production of natural dyes was carried out in a 500 ml flask by extracting 25 g of PEFB in 250 ml of water at 100oC for 120 minutes. Absorbance of extracted dyes was found to be 3.925 at λmax. Cotton fabric dyeing was conducted at room temperature for all steps and post-mordanted by using Alum. The colors of the dyed cotton fabrics were then measured and expressed according to CIELab color system. Furthermore, the color fastnest test results obtained by Stainning Scale and Grey Scale were found to be 4-5 by color differences of 2. These results showed that dyed cotton fabric give a good rank on color fastnest.

Impact Of Discharge Fertilizer Effluents On The Toxicological Profile Of Fish Harvested From A Receiving Creek In Okirika, Rivers State. Kalu Igwe; Kelechi Uche; Uchechi Obasi
Waste Technology Vol 4, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

The impact of fertilizer effluent discharge on toxicological profile of fish was studied by harvesting fish from Okrika creek which receives treated fertilizer effluent and analysing same for heavy metal (Lead Pb, Nickel Ni, Zinc Z and Copper Cu); Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations. Similar fish was harvested from Otamiri River which is far from any industrial activity and used as control. Heavy metals were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer while the PAH and TPH were analysed using Gas Chromatography. Result indicated unacceptable high values in most of the studied parameters with significantly higher (P<0.05) values; Pb (8.10±0.02 mg/kg), Ni (1.24±0.12 mg/kg), Zn (22.82±0.13 mg/kg), Cu (2.79±0.16 mg/kg), TPH (1.24±0.01 mg/kg). PAH indicated no significant difference (P>0.05) with value 0.003±0.01 mg/kg. Result indicates an unacceptable high level of these metals in the fish tissue which is of great concern to consumers and could reflect the level of pollutant in the effluent. The company is thus advised to treat their effluents properly and government ensures compliance.

Correlation of Heat Stress to Hydration Status of Workers at Weaving Section of Tekstile Industries Danang Adi Prayitno; Siti Rachmawati; Maria Paskanita Widjan; Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin
Waste Technology Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Abstract.PT X is a company plastics and textiles that has 3 section of the production process, one of which is the weaving section. During work, workers are exposed to heat stress which can affect hydration status. The objective of the research is to investigate the correlation of heat stress to hydration status of the workers at weaving section PT X. This research used the observational analytical research method with cross sectional approach. Its population was all of morning work with 60 workers at weaving section PT Kusuma Mulia Plasindo Infitex Klaten. Proposive sampling was used to determine its samples. They consisted of 37 workers. The heat stress was measured with Heat Stress Area and hydration status using urine specific gravity laboratory tests conducted by Solo Laboratory. The data were processed and analyzed by using the Spearman test. The result of this research show that the heat stress had a correlation with hydration status as indicated by the p-value = 0,001.

Utilization of Rambutan (Naphelium lappaceum L) Peel’s Waste is Becoming More Useful As a Natural Dye of Fabrics Heny Kusumayanti; Vita Paramita; Rizka Amalia; Wahyuningsih Wahyuningsih
Waste Technology Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

The demand to find an alternatives source of fabric dyes is increasing nowadays, specifically for natural dye. Applying natural dye in fabric, giving important effect of more environmentally friendly than synthetic dye. One of the natural colors that can be used is Naphelium lappaceum L peel’s waste. The method used is dyeing a cloth with extract of Naphelium lappaceum L peels. Variables applied are extract concentration, type of fixation and concentration of fixation. The results of dyeing cotton fabric using Naphelium lappaceum L peel extract show that the use of alum solution as fixation materials provides brown light color, yellowish brown for lime, and blackish grey for ferro sulphate. The different extract concentration resulted significant effect on the colour radiance on fabric.

The Effect of C / N Ratio and Pretreatment in Making Biogas from Tea Waste and Cow Manure in Liquid State Anaerobic Co-Digestion Ghalih Hakiki Kavisa; Nurlita Sari; Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin; Budiyono Budiyono
Waste Technology Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Energy problems in Indonesia are issues that are not easy to solve. If the energy needs dominated by BBM continue to increase without any changes in the pattern of energy use, then Indonesia's sustainability and energy security will be disrupted. Therefore, Indonesia really needs alternative energy. Biogas is an alternative energy produced from the anaerobic degradation of organic compounds and can be a substitute for natural gas and fossil fuels. Solid tea waste can be used as a substrate from anaerobic co-digestion biogas production with cow dung. In general, the purpose of this study is to produce biogas from tea pulp and cow manure by anaerobic co-digestion and have a specific purpose, namely (i) Assessing the effect of pretreatment on the yield of biogas produced, (ii) Assessing the effect of pH on yield of biogas, (ii) Assessing the effect of the value of the C / N ratio on the yield of the biogas produced. This research was conducted by making variations in treatment including physical pretreatment with and without grinding (± 1 mm), biological pretreatment with and without addition of 5% v / v microbial consortium, pH controlled (addition of buffer) and uncontrolled, and ratio of C: N waste solid tea (25 and 30). The biogas formation process is carried out for 2 months at room temperature with the quantitative response test results in the form of biogas volume every 2 days. Biogas production in pretreatment tea grounds gives better results than without pretreatment. Optimum biogas production is obtained at a C: N 30 ratio. Comparison of C: N substrate will affect the growth of microorganisms, the microbes that play an anaerobic process need nutrients to grow and develop, in the form of carbon and nitrogen. The highest biogas accumulation produced was 73,167 ml / gr TS on variable C / N 30 ratio, NaOH pretreatment, microbial consortium and smooth size of tea waste that used.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLARIFICATION PROCESS IN NITRIFICATION – DENITRIFICATION SYSTEM FOR WASTE WATER WITH N-NH3 Ari Setiawan; Bayu Hari Nugroho
Waste Technology Vol 8, No 1 (2020)
Publisher : Diponegoro University

Research on combinations of activated sludge processes - The clarifier is an attempt to improve the performance of the activated sludge process. In this system, the clearing works as a sediment deposition. The treatment process is expected to operate at a high biomass concentration and produce a compact system for optimal deposition speed. Some of the things covered in this research are, to calculate the rate of sludge deposition in the purifier and to measure the level of water purity or turbidity of the activated sludge treatment process. In this research, synthetic wastewater is used. The ventilation tank is made of plexiglass, with a total volume of 150 Liter. The clarifier is made of plexiglass with an inverted prism shape. The results show that the deposition rate and the degree of purity of water are influenced by the concentration of bacteria Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid (MLSS) or bacteria. The results show that the concentration of MLSS or bacteria increased, the deposition rate decreased. This can be seen in the MLSS 130 ppm which shows faster deposition rate than the MLSS 355 ppm. In the case of turbidity, larger MLSS results, increased turbidity, indicate an accurate flux.

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