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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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Clinical and Cerebrospinal Fluid Abnormalities as Diagnostic Tools of Tuberculous Meningitis Fiona Lestari; Sofiati Dian; Ida Parwati
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculous (TB) disease and remains difficult to diagnose. The aim of the study was to determine the diagnostic value of clinical and laboratory findings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations for diagnosing TBM using bacterial culture result as the gold standard.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out to 121 medical records of hospitalized TBM patients in neurological ward at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, from 1 January 2009–31 May 2013. The inclusion criteria were medical records consisted of clinical manisfestations and laboratory findings. The clinical manisfestations were headache and nuchal rigidity, whereas the laboratory findings were CSF chemical analysis (protein, glucose, and cells) and CSF microbiological culture. Validity such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) for clinical and laboratory findings were calculated, using bacterial culture result as the gold standard.Results: The most clinical findings of TBM was nuchal rigidity and it had the highest sensitivity value, but the lowest spesificity value. Decreased of CSF glucose had the highest sensitivity value compared to other laboratory findings, but the value was low.Conclusions: The clinical manisfestations and the laboratory findings are not sensitive and specific enough for diagnosing TBM. [AMJ.2016;3(1):132–6] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n1.725
Relationship between Socioeconomic Demographic Characteristics with Antibiotic Self-Medication in Community Dwelling Adults Michael Aditya; Istriati Istriati; Aih Cahyani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Infectious diseases escalation in developing countries especially in Indonesia lead to increasing  use of antibiotics in the community. Self-medication with antibiotics may increase the risk of resistant bacteria and irrational use of antibiotics. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between socioeconomic -demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on people from Sayang Village in West Java Indonesia  aged over 18 years and had experience in using antibiotics. A total of 146 respondents were selected as the sample of this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication.Results: Out of 146 questionnaires that were completed, 111 were female and 35 male respondents, 75 respondents had experience in using antibiotics without prescription. The survey showed significant relation between antibiotics use with monthly income (p=0,031) and source of income (p=0,009).Conclusions: The study confirms that there is relation between monthly income and source of income with antibiotic self-medication. [AMJ.2017;4(1):73–7]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1023
Identification of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in Beverages Sold By Hawkers around Jatinangor, Bandung Teow Sheng Hao; Yanti Mulyana; Bachti Alisjahbana
Althea Medical Journal Vol 6, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (365.998 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v6n1.1536

Abstract

Background: Water is essential for life and is considered as a medium for the propagation and dissemination of bacteria. Water-borne disease is one of the problems in Indonesia, therefore, this study was conducted to explore the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in the beverages sold by hawkers.Methods: A descriptive laboratory method was conducted in September 2015 Beverages were collected from hawkers that were randomly chosen around Jatinangor using sterile containers, and brought to the laboratory within 1 hour. The beverages were incubated on Mueller Hinton Broth, followed by culturing on MacConkey Agar. The organisms were identified using Gram Staining, Kliger Test, Motility-Indole-Urease test and Citrate test.Results: Out of 30 samples collected, 2 of the samples were tested positive for enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella paratyphi. Furthermore, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=12), Enterobacterspp (n=10) Alcaligenes faecalis (n=3) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=3) were detected in the samples.Conclusions: The Salmonella paratyphi as enteric bacterial pathogen found in the beverages sold by hawkers has potential to cause water-borne disease. Education to hawkers need to be enhanced.
Profile of Physical Fitness of Young Football Players at SDN Cibeusi Subashini Periasamy; Reni Farenia; Pintoko Tedjokusumo
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Health-related physical fitness components are important in hypokinetic disease prevention and good sports performance. The aim of this research is to evaluate the physical fitness profile of the SDNCibeusi young football players based on Fitnessgram.Methods: This study was participated by 20 subjects ranging from 10 to 12 years old boys who played for the school football team in SDN Cibeusi. This descriptive study was conducted in the school field in the month of November 2012. Physical fitness components that were tested are aerobic capacity,V02 max using the one-mile run test, muscle endurance by performing push-up and curl-up test, flexibility using the flexometer and body composition by measuring the body mass index and fat fold measurement. The mean and standard deviation of the results were tabulated.Results: Aerobic capacity and percentage of body fat showed 100% of them scored in the category of healthy fitness zone. For body mass index, 55% scored in healthy fitness zone, 25% ni-some risk, and 10% each for ni-high risk and very lean. For push-up test and curl-up test, 80% and 65% scored in the healthy fitness zone while the remaining 20% and 35% respectively scored in the not healthy fitness zone. For flexibility, 75% of them scored in healthy fitness zone and 25% scored in not healthy fitness zone.Conclusions: The physical fitness level in these young football players is mostly in healthy fitness zone. [AMJ.2015;2(1):226–30]
Isolated Bacteria from Hemodialysis Water Distribution Systems in Hemodialysis Centers in Bandung Mohd Hafeez bin Mohd Rafee; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Julius B Dewanto
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Despite the advent of water treatment technology for the past few decades, bacterial contamination is still an everlasting issue that requires solid intervention. Many studies across the world have identified myriad of bacteria that colonize the hemodialysis water distribution system. This study was conducted to identify common bacteria that colonized the hemodialysis water distribution systems in Bandung.Methods: This was a descriptive laboratory study conducted at the Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in 2014. Sterile bottles were used to collect 16 samples of reverse osmosis water from 2 hemodialysis centers in Bandung. Approximately 15 ml of water volume was collected in each bottle from 7 standard points for water sampling in hemodialysis system. The samples were first inoculated into R2A agar by pour-plate method and colonies were sub–cultured onto MacConkey and blood agar and the identification was based on Gram stain morphology, colony characteristics, and biochemical tests.Results: Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas sp. were the two predominant organisms which colonized the hemodialysis water distribution system. In addition, some genus of the Enterobacteriaceae such as Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were also isolated from the system and seemed to colonize the entire system.Conclusions: Bacterial contamination in hemodialysis water distribution system in Bandung is still a major problem regardless the efforts taken to minimize it. [AMJ.2016;3(2):259–64] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n2.788
Impact of Training on Improving Proper Handwashing Practices among Elementary School Students Theruna Huthamaputiran; Sunarjati Sudigdoadi; Andriana Purnama
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (142.991 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1073

Abstract

Background: Hand washing is among the most effective ways to prevent diseases. In Indonesia, only a quarter of the entire population practice proper handwashing techniques. Of these, children are the most vulnerable group for contracting diseases. Nevertheless, they also are crucial agent for behavior transformation as they are keen and open to new ideas. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine if training would have an improvement on a proper hand washing practices among elementary school students.Methods:An observational descriptive study design using random sampling was conducted from September to November 2013 in Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java, Indonesia using primary data of one hundred elementary school students from four elementary schools. Questionnaires were given after informed consent. A demonstration on hand washing techniques and education on proper hand washing practices was then given. Two weeks later, the same questionnaire was given to measure the influence of the training. The collected data were presented using frequency tabulation.Results: Before the training on proper hand washing practices was conducted, only 86.9% students were practicing it properly. After the training was given, 90.7% of the students were doing it properly. For the hand washing technique, only 66.8% of students knew the correct steps before the intervention was given and 78.7% students did them correctly after the intervention.Conclusions:The training shows an overall improvement on the students’ hand washing practices. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1073
Health Seeking Behavior among Patients with Tuberculosis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia in November 2012 Maya Valentina Putrie; Rovina Ruslami; Lika Apriani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is the main referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia, treating yearly 1.000 tuberculosis cases of whom most  are in severe condition. The severity of the disease is probably affected by the poor patient’s health seeking behavior.The objective of this study was to assess the pattern of patients with tuberculosis’s health seeking behavior before being treated in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: A descriptive study was  carried out in November 2012 on 56 patients in the Drug Observed Treatment Shortcourse (DOTS) Clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) to assess the number and type of health services visited prior to RSHS. The inclusion criteria were patients who were diagnosed with TB for the first time, aged at least 19 years old. The data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire and presented as percentage.Results: A total of 32 respondents (57%) sought for initial treatment by going to professional health care centers (the medical doctors, puskesmas, or hospitals), the rests sought for traditional treatment (7%), self-treatment (29%), or no medication prior to the treatment at RSHS (7%). Fifty five percent of respondents did more than one type of health seeking behavior. The average time between the first complaint until the respondents got treatment was 5 months.Conclusions: The patients with tuberculosis’s treatment seeking behavior is various prior to the treatment at RSHS and there are still patients who seek treatments  to the non-profesional health care. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.490
Correlation between Hemoglobin Level, Attention and Working Memory Scores Jannatin Aliya Indrina; Anam Ong; Ihrul Prianza Prajitno
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Attention and working memory functions have important roles in daily activities. Normal level of hemoglobin is required for optimum attention and working memory functions. This study aims to analyze the correlation between hemoglobin level, attention, and working memory scores in medical students who attended Atlas Medical Pioneer (AMP) Basic Program XXI.Methods: The total population sample for this cross-sectional study included 27 males and 19 females. The hemoglobin level was meassured by using cyanmethemoglobin method. Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward and Backward Test, Trail Making Test A and B, and Stroop Test were used to assess attention and working memory scores. The study was conducted from September to November 2012 in Jatinangor campus of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran and Clinical Pathology Laboratory of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The correlation analysis was performed using computer.Results: The correlation between hemoglobin level in males and attention on Trail Making Test A score was (r=0.144) (p=0.474). While the correlations with theTrail-Making Test B and Stroop Test scores were (r=0.332) (0.091), and (r=-0.320) (p=-0.103), respectively. For females, the correlations with the Trail Making Test A, Trail Making Test B, and Stroop Test scores were (r=0.121) (p=0.622), (r=-0.232) (p=0.338), and (r=0.137) (p=0.576), respectively. Meanwhile, the correlation between hemoglobin level and the working memory on Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward Test, and Digit Span Backward Test scores for-males were (r=0.256) (p=0.197), (r=0.419) (p=0.029), and (r=0.113) (p=0.576), respectively. For-females, the same correlations were (r=0.412) (p=0.080), (r=-0.299) (p=0.213), and (r=-0.028) (p=0.909), respectively. The only test that showed statistically significant result was Digit Span Forward Test in males.Conclusions: There is evident of weak correlation between hemoglobin level, attention, and working memory scores in medical students who attended AMP Basic Program XXI. This may be due to the confounding factors affecting attention and working memory as well as a small sample size. [AMJ.2014;1(1):1–5]Keywords: attention score, hemoglobin level, working memory scoreKorelasi antara Kadar Hemoglobin, Pencapaian Skor Atensi, dan Skor Memori KerjaLatar Belakang: Fungsi atensi dan memori kerja memiliki peranan penting dalam aktivitas sehari-hari. Kadar hemoglobin yang normal dibutuhkan untuk mencapai fungsi atensi dan memori kerja yang optimal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin, skor atensi, dan memori kerja pada mahasiswa kedokteran yang mengikuti Pendidikan Dasar XXI Atlas Medical Pioneer (AMP).Metode: Studi potong lintang dengan jumlah sampel 46 orang, terdiri atas 27 orang laki-laki dan 19 orang perempuan. Perhitungan kadar hemoglobin menggunakan metode cyanmethemoglobin. Digit Symbol Test, Digit Span Forward dan Backward Test, Trail Making Test A dan B, dan Stroop Test digunakan untuk menilai skor atensi dan memori kerja. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan September–November 2012 di Kampus Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran Jatinangor dan Laboratorium Patologi Klinik Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin. Analisis korelasi menggunakan komputer.Hasil: Korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin laki-laki dengan skor atensi pada Trail Making Test A (r=0,144) (p=0,474), Trail Making Test B (r=0,332) (0,091), dan Stroop Test (r=-0,320) (p=-0,103). Pada perempuan hasil Trail Making Test A (r=0,121) (p=0,622), Trail Making Test B (r=-0,232) (p=0,338), dan Stroop Test (r=0,137) (p=0,576). Hasil korelasi antara kadar hemoglobin laki-laki dengan skor memori kerja pada Digit Symbol Test (r=0,256) (p=0,197), Digit Span Forward Test (r=0,419) (p=0,029), dan-Digit Span Backward Test (r=0,113) (p=0,576). Pada perempuan hasil Digit Symbol Test (r=0,412) (p=0,080), Digit Span Forward Test (r=-0,299) (p=0,213), dan Digit Span Backward Test (r=-0,028) (p=0,909). Tes yang memiliki nilai signifikan hanya Digit Span Forward Test pada laki-laki.Simpulan: Terdapat korelasi lemah antara kadar hemoglobin, atensi, dan memori kerja pada mahasiswa yang mengikuti Pendidikan Dasar XXI AMP. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena confounding factor yang dapat memengaruhi atensi dan memori kerja seseorang serta jumlah sampel penelitian yang sedikit.Kata kunci: kadar hemoglobin, skor atensi, skor memori kerja DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.288
Clinical Presentation and Laboratory Features in Pediatric Typhoid Fever Patient Susceptibility to First-line Antibiotic Therapy Dewi Ratnasari; Djatnika Setiabudi; Lulu Eva Rakhmilla
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: RTyphoid fever remainsa serious health problem in the world. The main cause of this disease is Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. These microbes have developed resistance to first-line antibiotics (chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoksazol) since 1950. Clinical presentation and laboratory features conducted in children infected with resistant strains tend to be more severe. The objective of this study was to determine the differences of clinical presentation and laboratory features in pediatric typhoid fever patient susceptibility to first-line antibiotics.Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study of total 119 typhoid fever children with positive blood culture of Salmonella Typhi based on medical data in Department of Child Health Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung during 2008–2012. Inclusion criteria included 76 patients with age range 1–15 years old, given an antibiotic, and had susceptibility test done. Numerical variable was the duration of fever in patients after given an antibiotic. Categorical variable included hepatomegaly, diarrhea, platelet count at admission, and leukocyte count at admission. Data were analyzed using a Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the duration of fever, leucocyte count at admission, and thrombocyte count at admission between sensitive and resistant response to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and co-trimoksazol (p>0.05). Leucocyte count at admission in children with sensitive and resistant strain to ampicillin almost showed a difference (p=0.07) but still not statistically significant difference.Conclusions: There is no difference of clinical presentation and laboratory features in pediatric typhoid fever patient susceptible to first-line antibiotics. [AMJ.2015;2(4):584–90] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.653
Salmonella Species Detection in Chicken Noodle Toppings Prepared by the Food Vendors around Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran Luk Lee Zia; Imam Megantara; Suryosutanto Suryosutanto
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Salmonellae is Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae which are commonly found in water. It can cause diseases in human through improper hygiene and sanitation practice, contamination of poultries, cross contamination from other food during storage, and also from Salmonella species carriers. Chicken noodle toppings are usually prepared early in the morning and not heated up upon serving. There are possibilities for bacterial contamination if the food vendors lack of hygienic practices. The risk of Salmonella species contamination is increased too as it can be spread through inappropriate hygiene and sanitation. Hence, the objective of the study was to detect the presence of Salmonella species in the chicken noodle toppings prepared by the food vendors around Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran.Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was conducted in September 2013. A total of 44 samples of chicken noodle toppings were collected from the food vendors in Jatinangor. The samples were cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agars. Then, Gram staining and biochemical tests were performed.Results: The chicken noodle toppings were not contaminated by Salmonella species, but other bacteria species such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species were found.Conclusions: There is no Salmonella species found. However, there are some other bacteria found such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species. It means that the food vendors lack of hygienic and sanitation aspects. Thus, proper actions should be taken to educate and increase the awareness of food vendors on the importance of sanitation. [AMJ.2016;3(4):566–9] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.940

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