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Althea Medical Journal
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23374330     DOI : 10.15850/amj
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,068 Documents
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Larvicidal Effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray Leaf Water Extract against Culex sp. Larvae Hasan Ali Abdurrachman; Diah Dhianawaty; Neneng Syarifah
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

  Background: There are various vector mosquitoes that cause filariasis such as Culex sp. Controlling the number of vectors with larvacide can reduce the spread of this disease. The extracts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaves are known to have larvicidal effects on Aedes aegypti larvae. The purpose of this study is to determine the larvicidal effects of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract against Culex larvae.Methods: This was an experimental study conducted during the period of October to November 2012 at the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. First trials were conducted to find the most effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract in killing 25 Culex larvae. A concentration of 100 ml was decided as the testing concentration which would be compared to a positive control containing Abate® and a negative control containing distilled water. The number of dead larvae was calculated every hour for 48 hours.Results: Effective larvicidal concentration of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract was 60% (p=0.000 compared to negative control), which was lower than Abate®. Result also showed LC50 and LC90 of 24% and 42%, respectively.Conclusions: Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray leaf water extract has a larvicidal effect on  Culex sp. larvae, although it is not as effective as Abate®, Hence, this leaf may be used as an alternative larvacide as these plants are easily available in the community and inexpensive.Keywords: Culex sp., filariasis, larvacide, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. GrayDOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n1.441
Roles of Microwave Oven in Preparing Microbiological Growth Media Christian Prijana; Yanti Mulyana; Basuki Hidayat
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Sterilization of a growth medium before being utilized is a very important step in a microbiology laboratory. The common method for this purpose is by using the autoclave. However, autoclaving takes more time. To overcome this limitation, we tried to use the microwave oven. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of microwave oven in preparing the growth media.Methods: This was a laboratory experimental study conducted at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to November 2014. The growth media used were: MacConkey agar, in petri dishes, inoculated with Escherichia coli; Sabouraud agar, in petri dishes, inoculated with Candida albicans; Kligler iron agar (KIA), in reaction tubes, inoculated with Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi; Simmons citrate agar, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mueller-Hinton (M-H) broth, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Escherichia coli; and Motility Indole Urea (MIU) semisolid agar, in reaction tubes, inoculated with Proteus sp.The media would be heated by microwave for 1, 2, and 3 minutes. Results: From the total 54 dishes/tubes of various microwave-sterilized media, contaminations were only seen at 5 dishes/tubes. Most of the media, except the one-minute-heated Mueller-Hinton broth, were sterilized more than half dishes/tubes. The identification function of all media in this study was performed well. Conclusions: The utilization of microwave oven as an alternative sterilizing apparatus for microbiological growth media is very potential, particularly for two and three minutes duration of heating. [AMJ.2016;3(1):1–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n1.469
Relationship between Drugs Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Senior High School Students Yola Yuniaarti Herijanto; Lucky Saputra; Meita Dhamayanti
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Drugs use and risky sexual behavior among teenager are some of crucial problems arising in Indonesia. Statistic showed that there is an increasing prevalence in drugs use and risky sexual behavior among teenagers. This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between drugs use and risky sexual behaviors among high school students. Methods: An analytic study involving 432 students in 5 state high schools located in Kerees region Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, was carried out in 2013. The region was chosen due the high prevalence of  substance abuse. The inclusion criteria were every high school students in the Karees region. The exclusion criteria were the students who refused to participate in the study, did not come when the sample was taken, and did not fill the questionnaire completely. The instruments used for the study were questionnaires with cross-sectional technique. Furthermore, the questionnaire used for analyzing drugs use was Addiction Severity Index-Lite Version (ASI-lite) questionnaire; with additional questionnaire to analyze risky sexual behaviors.Results: Out of 432 students, 23.8% students already engaged to one or more risky sexual behavior. Among all respondents, the prevalence of students who had already done kissing was 22.7%, necking 9.3%, petting 7.2% and sexual intercourse 1.2%. Illegal drugs had been used at least once by 21.8% students. According to Chi-square test, drugs use and risky sexual behavior were related.Conclusions:The prevalence of both drugs use and risky sexual behaviors are high and students who use drugs are more prone to do risky sexual behavior. [AMJ.2017;4(1):125–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.1032
The Role of Socioeconomic Factors Contributed to The Prevalence of Children under Five Years Old with Small Stature in Jatinangor Anggie Indari; Elsa Pudji Setiawati; Rodman Tarigan
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Indonesia  is on the fifth in world population for children with small stature. It could affect to their future, so growth disorders should be detected as early as possible. The influence of growth disorders is inseparable from the socioeconomic condition of the family.  This study aims to analyze the influence of socioeconomic based on education, occupation and family income towards small stature children under five years old in Jatinangor.Methods: This was a study of analytic cross sectional with multi-stage proportionate consecutive sampling. 110 samples of children under five years of age (12–59months) from 12 villages (6087 children) in Jatinangor sub district were taken on October and November 2012. Their height was measured using a microtoise based on WHO Growth Chart and the socioeconomic status was measured using questionnaire completed by their motherResults: There were 32 children (29,1%) with small stature. The relationship between maternal education with short stature (p=0.310), father’s education with small stature (p=0.368), mother’s occupation with small stature (p=0.774), father’s occupation with small stature (p=0.524) and family income with small stature (p=0.890) after it was examined using chi-squre test were not significant (p>0.05).Conclusion: In Jatinangor, there are still many children with small stature under five years old and the socioeconomic factors do not have any relationship with this condition. [AMJ.2015;2(1):298–303]
Hepatoprotective Effect of Trigona spp. Bee Propolis against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Rat Rachel Amelia; Achadiyani Achadiyani; M. Begawan Bestari
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress reaction can cause liver injury. This process can be prevented by antioxidant activities which can break the destructive chain caused by free radical substances in the liver. Propolis produced by Trigona spp. bee is known to have a high level of antioxidant. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of Trigona spp. bee propolis on liver histological toxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress.Methods:This experimental study was conducted in September 2013 at the Animal Laboratory of Departement of Pharmacology and Therapy, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty-four healthy male Wistar rats as objects were adapted for one week and randomly divided into 3 groups. Group I was the control negative, group II was given carbon tetrachloride on day 14, group III was given Trigona spp. bee propolis on day 1-14. On day 14, group III was injected CCl4 intraperitoneally. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using the one way ANOVA and Tukey test with p value < 0.05.Results: Group I showed the liver contained normal cells, without significant injury of the membrane, round and complete nucleus. The average number of liver cell was 464 ± 9.59281 cells/field; group II underwent necrosis and the average of the cells was 146 ± 7.56885 cells/field; group III showed some normal liver cells, and some necrotic area with the normal liver cells average was 263 ± 14.10860 cells/field. The p-value=0.00.Conclusions: Trigona spp. bee propolis has a hepatoprotective effect against CCl4-induced liver injury histologically. [AMJ.2016;3(3):481–5]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.861 
Five Years Study of Recurrent Febrile Seizure Risk Factors Ausi Indriani; Nelly Amalia Risan; Titing Nurhayati
Althea Medical Journal Vol 4, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (158.519 KB) | DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1086

Abstract

Background: Nearly one-third of febrile seizure patients suffered recurrent febrile seizures.  Several risk factors contribute to this recurrence, namely young age, family history of febrile seizures, low body temperature and rapid duration of fever before onset of seizures. Recently, the types of seizure and gender have been stated increasing risk of this recurrence. The objectives of this study was to identify the  risk factors of recurrent febrile seizures.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out by retrieving data from inpatient medical records during the period of January 1st, 2009 to December 31st, 2013 at one of the top referral hospitals in West Java, Indonesia.  Variables of this study were the first febrile seizure age, gender, type of febrile seizure, a family history of febrile seizure, a family history of epilepsy, body temperature when febrile seizure occurred and duration of fever before onset of seizure. The collected data were tabulated by frequency and percentage and displayed in tables.Results: Out of 154 patients with febrile seizures 58 suffered recurrent febrile seizures. Forty three percent had a first febrile seizure at the age of under12 months, 72% were male, 46% had fever less than 24 hours before the onset of seizure, 65% had complex febrile seizures, 28% had positive family history of febrile seizures, and 5% had positive family history of epilepsy. Conclusions: The risk factors for recurrent febrile seizures are young age, male, rapid duration of fever before onset of seizure and complex febrile seizure. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.1086
Women’s Opinion about Women’s Rights regarding Family Planning in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor Subdistrict, West Java in 2013 Suzanne Saw; Yoni Syukriani; A. Hussein S. Kartamihardja Kartamihardja
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated that all mankind have equal right and dignity. Both woman and man have rights regarding family planning. It is often assumed that in developing country, women do not consider their rights in family planning decision making process. This study was carried out to determine the opinion of women regarding women’s rights in family planning.Methods: A descriptive study was carried out to 99 respondents during the period of August to October 2013, in Hegarmanah village, Jatinangor subdistrict. The inclusion criteria were women aged 15–49 years old, able to speak Bahasa Indonesia, and agreed to participate. Variables for this study were the opinions of the respondents regarding woman’s rights in family planning which were represented in 12 questions. Collected data were presented as percentages shown in tables.Results: Most of the respondents stated that they had the rights in family planning decision making, including choosing contraceptive methods, number of children, and spacing of each child. However, all of  the respondents agreed that men should be involved in it. More than half of the respondents stated that they asked opinion from family member regarding family planning especially their mothers. Cultural norms did not influence the family planning decision making. However, religion influenced the family planning decision making.Conclusions: Majority of the women in Hegarmanah village have the role to make decision on family planning by considering the opinions of their spouses, other family members, friends and their religions. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n3.526
Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata Folium) on Mice (Mus musculus) Fetus Yunita Suryani; Truly Deti Rose Sitorus; Setyorini Irianti
Althea Medical Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L) Folium) contains acetogenins which are cytotoxic and have the ability to halt cell growth. This study aimed to understand whether acetogenins have teratogenic effects on mice fetus (Mus musculus).Methods: This study was performed at the Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, between October and November 2012. The study  was an experimental laboratory study  utilizing 27 pregnant mice which were divided into 3 groups. The first group was the negative control, the second was given soursop leaf ethanol extract at pre-implantation phase (day 1 to 5) and the third had the extract provided in the organogenesis phase (day 6 to 15). Laparotomy was performed on the 19th day of pregnancy. The parameters used were the number of implantation, the number of live and dead or resorbed fetus, the weight and length of the fetus, as well as the macroscopic external morphology abnormalities. The data gained from test subjects were compared to those of the control group. The statistical test used was the normality tes with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method which was then followed by T-test or Mann-Whitney statistical tests.Results: The experiment exhibited significant differences in the weight and length of the fetus (p-value 0.000), proving that soursop leaf ethanol extract could inhibit intrauterine growth. Aside from that, external morphological abnormalities such as hemorrhage on the head, face, neck, back, forelimbs, hindlimbs, and microcephaly were also found.Conclusion: The soursop leaf ethanol extract (Annona muricata (L) Folium) has a teratogenic effect on mouse (Mus musculus) fetus. [AMJ.2014;1(1):48–53]Key words: Acetogenins, Soursop leaf ethanol extract, TeratogenicEfek Teratogenik Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) terhadap Fetus Mencit (Mus musculus) Latar belakang: Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) mengandung senyawa aktif Acetogenins yang bersifat sitotoksik atau dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek teratogenik Acetogenins terhadap fetus mencit (Mus musculus).Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadaran periode Oktober–November 2012. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan metode sampel acak menggunakan 27 ekor mencit hamil yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok. Kelompok 1 sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok 2 diberikan ekstrak etanol daun sirsak pada masa praimplantasi (hari ke-1 sampai ke-5), dan kelompok 3 menerima ekstrak pada masa organogenesis (hari ke-6 sampai ke-15). Laparotomi dilakukan pada hari ke-19 kehamilan. Parameter yang digunakan berupa jumlah hasil implantasi, jumlah fetus hidup, jumlah fetus mati atau resorbsi, berat dan panjang badan fetus, serta abnormalitas morfologi eksternal fetus yang dinilai secara makroskopis. Data yang didapat pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji normalitas data dengan uji Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan dilanjutkan dengan uji T- atau Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan pada berat dan panjang fetus mencit (nilai p 0,000), sehingga ekstrak etanol daun sirsak terbukti menghambat pertumbuhan intrauteri. Selain itu ditemukan juga kelainan morfologi eksternal seperti perdarahan pada kepala, wajah, leher, punggung, tangan, kaki, dan mikrosefali.Simpulan: Ekstrak etanol daun sirsak (Annona muricata Folium) memiliki efek teratogenik terhadap fetus mencit (Mus musculus).Kata kunci: Acetogenins, ekstrak etanol daun sirsak, teratogenik DOI: 10.15850/amj.v1n1.297
Students’ Perception on Ideal Age of Marriage and Childbearing Mohanambehai Subranmiam; Kuswandewi Mutyara; Hanom Husni Syam
Althea Medical Journal Vol 2, No 4 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Early-age marriage is still common in Indonesia, especially in the rural areas. There are many negative effects of the marriage; the young brides may get lower education, lower social status, minimum reproduction control, higher maternal mortality, higher domestic violence rate and others. Thus, this study is conducted to identify the students’ perception on the ideal age of marriage and childbearing.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from June to September 2013 in Jatinangor using secondary data from Jatinangor Cohort Survey Team. The data comprised two hundred and twenty students from Jatinangor Senior High School and PGRI Vocational School. A hundred and ten males and a hundred and ten females were chosen by random sampling. Questionnaires were given after the written informed consent was obtained from the students.Results: The results showed 74.55% of the students chose 19¬–24 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a woman and 68.64% students chose 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for a man. Moreover, forchildbearing, 25–30 years old was chosen to be the ideal age for both man and woman. The percentage of students agreed to this was 74.55% and 54.09% respectively.Conclusions: Majority of the students agreed on 19–24 years old and 25–30 years old as the ideal age of marriage for woman and man respectively. For childbearing, 25–30 years old was concluded as the ideal agefor both genders. [AMJ.2015;2(4):591–6] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v2n4.661
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Disability in Patient with Chronic Low Back Pain Tiang Soon Teck; Tertianto Prabowo; Nani Kurniani
Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Background: Low back pain is discomfort presented below the margin of the 12th thoracic rib and above the inferior gluteal fold with or without leg pain. It is also a major cause of disability. Several risk factors have been identified for contributing low back pain. It is important to determine whether body mass index (BMI) can affect the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire has been used to measure the severity of disability. Thus, the focus of study was to determine correlation between BMI and disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Sixty two patients aged 18 years old or more who were clinically diagnosed as having low back pain at least 3 months participated in this study in the period of October to November 2015 in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Total sampling method was used. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI and disability were recorded using ODI questionnaire. This analytical study was cross sectional study and the ordinal variable was analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results: Females had higher proportion (77). Chronic low back pain patients were equally distributed on normal weight and overweight categories. Patient with chronic low back pain had higher chances of developing moderate disability. There were positive correlation between BMI and disability. Nevertheless, there was no statistically analysis difference between model 1 and 2.Conclusions: The BMI affects the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. [AMJ.2016;3(4):624–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.949

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