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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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Malaria and Anopheles spp in the villages of Salubarana and Kadaila, Mamuju District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 4 (2003): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i4.119

Abstract

Malaria epidemiology in Salubarana and Kadaila villages, Mamuju District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia was studied from July-December 2002 to obtain baseline data related to the parasite, mosquito vector, human host, and environmental factors. Monthly malariometric surveys conducted during the six- month period revealed a relatively high prevalence of malaria in Kadaila in comparison to Salubarana. Kadaila was mainly inhabited by migrants from Java, Bali, Lombok, and from other districts of South Sulawesi. Salubarana, on the other hand, was inhabited mainly by indigenous Mandarese. Analysis of 1,113 blood smears taken from individuals randomly involved in the survey revealed 59 positive samples, consisting of Plasmodium falciparum or P. vivax. These two species predominated the samples examined and were occasionally found as mixed infection. Anopheles barbirostris was confirmed as a vector for malaria in this area whereas 7 other species An. barbumbrosus, An. parangensis, An. vagus, An. crawfordi, An. pseudobarbirostris, An. Tessellatus, and An. subpictus should be considered as potential vectors. The first mentioned species predominated, using mainly riverbeds and ground pools as breeding places with a habit of indoor or outdoor resting. These findings could be useful for establishing evidence-based malaria control program in the area. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 252-8)
The effects of zinc supplementation on the TNF-α profile and diarrhea in severely malnourished children of low income family
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 4 (2003): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i4.120

Abstract

Zinc deficiency has a great impact on growth and development, especially in malnourished children. Zinc is important in both local and systemic immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of zinc supplementation on the cytokine, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and diarrhea in severely undernourished under-five children of low-income families. A randomized double blind pre-test post-test controlled design was selected. A group of 12-59 month-old children were given local food, and treated as control group (n=60), and another group (n=60) were given local food with 15 mg/5 ml zinc as intervention group. Zinc concentration was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and TNF-α concentration was determined by ELISA. Data on nutrient intakes were collected using 24-hour food recall method. The result of the study showed that after zinc intervention, zinc serum increased significantly, and TNF-α concentration decreased along with reduction of the duration and frequency of diarrhea. Zinc concentration increased 87.0% in the intervention group, while in the control group the increase was only 19.6%. There was a significant reduction of both serum and fecal TNF-α concentration after intervention (p<0.05). Severity and duration of diarrhea were reduced significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (p<0.001). It was concluded that zinc intervention reduced the duration and severity of diarrhea through improvement of immunity, especially local immunity with TNF-α as biomarker. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 247-51)
Molecular based detection for drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 4 (2003): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i4.121

Abstract

Multi- drug resistant tuberculosis continues to be a serious problem, particularly among some developing countries. Early detection of drug resistance in clinical M. tuberculosis isolates is crucial for appropriate treatment and to prevent the development of further resistance. Compared to conventional methods using solid media, the introduction of manual and automated methods (BACTEC or MB/BacT) for susceptibility testing in liquid media has resulted from 4 to 6 weeks to 3 to 15 days. The identification of resistance mutations, e.g., the genetic basis for RIF resistance, enables the development of molecular test that allows the detection of resistant strains within 1 day. One approach is the use of molecular analysis to detect mutations that are associated with resistance to drugs including INH and RIF. In the case of INH, mutations of the katG, inhA, kasA, and ahpC genes are responsible for the majority of INH-resistant M. tuberculosis, whereas mutations of rpoB are responsible for RIF-resistant M. tuberculosis. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 259-65)
Polyphenols extracted from the Green Tea (Camellia sinensis) augments the protective immune responses in mice challanged with Salmonella typhimurium
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.122

Abstract

Green tea is an aqueous infusion of dried unfermented leaves of Camellia sinensis. Numerous biological activities of green tea have been reported. The aqueous infusion and its polyphenolic substance are known for their activity as an antimutagenic, antibacterial, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, and mutagenic of B lymphocyte. Studies have demonstrated that green tea polyphenols increase IL-12 production. Salmonella spp infection is an important public health problem in many countries. Cell-mediated immunity (CMI), especially T-cell help is important for protection against this infection. Recent evidence indicates that IL-12 is one such factor that plays a crucial role in the development of CMI. These studies were carired out to investigate the effect of green tea polyphenols to the immune cellulare in mice responses of mice during Salmonella typhimurium infection. The subject consisted of 36 female mice (Balb/C), 6-8 weeks old, divided into 3 groups. The first group was given 10 mg polyphenols/mouse, the second group was given 5 mg polyphenols/mouse, and the third group as the control. In day 31, all mice were infected with 108 CFU Salmonella typhimurium orally. On day 0, 3, 5, and 7 postinfection, 3 mice from each groups were sacrificed, the splenocytes were extracted and cultured to measure the level of IFN-γ in the supernatan and. The peritoneal macrophages were also extracted and cultured to measure the phagocytic activity. The level of IFN-γ in splenocyte culture supernatant increased during infection in all groups, but the level of the experimental groups were higher than in control group. The percentage of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages were higher in the experimental groups than in the control group. The increase of the phagocytic activities were seen corelate with the level of IFN-γ supernatan splenocyte culture. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 1-7) Keywords: polyphenols, green tea, macrophages, phagocytosis
Cesarean Section followed by myomectomy in a pregnancy complicated by left intraligamentous myoma
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.123

Abstract

A 20-year-old primigravida with 38th weeks of gestation complicated with a left large solid intraligamentous uterine tumor. The operation started with lower segment cesarean section to delivere the fetus. Intramural uterotonica was given and the uterus contracted well; intra- and up to 24 hours post-operatively oxytocin infusion was administered. Double circle stitching technique was performed on lateral side of the mioma before starting myomectomy. No blood transfusion was given. The histopatological report was leiomyoma. She was discharged in healthy condition 4 days post-operatively. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 66-8) Keywords: Myomectomy, cesarean section, intraligamentous myoma
Child abuse, a case report
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.124

Abstract

Child abuse is a pervasive social and medical problem that remains a major cause of disability and death among children. The annual incidence of abuse is estimated to be 15 to 42 cases per 1,000 children and appears to be increasing. Fractures are the second most common presentation of physical abuse after skin lesions, and approximately one third of abused children will eventually be seen by an orthopedic surgeon. We report a 7-month-old boy who was suspected to be abused. Our diagnosis was based on findings of multiple fractures, delay in seeking medical treatment and discrepancy between the history of illness and the clinical findings. He sustained multiple fractures in variety of healing, namely fractures on left supracondylar humeri, left radius and ulna, right radius and ulna, both femora, right tibia, and left tibia and fibula. Radiological examination was an important modality in revealing the possibility of abuse on this child. He had received medical treatment, protection, consultation team for the parents and an underway police investigation. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 59-65) Keywords: child, abuse
Accelerated neuroregulation for therapy of opiate dependency
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.125

Abstract

Acute weaning from chronic opioid abuse during general anesthesia is usually followed by adrenergic outflow effects. This article is to report our experience with accelerated neuroregulation that reverses the physical and psychological dependency. After a comprehensive psychological and medical examination, 361 heroin dependent patients were admitted to ICU to be hospitalized for a full 24 or 36 hours, including a 6 hour pre-procedure medication process (solbutamol, clonidine, diazepam, ranitidine, omeprazole, vitamin C, octreotide, and ondansetron). Anesthesia was induced with midazolam and propofol iv and maintained with propofol infusion. Naltrexon, clonidine, octreotide, and diazepam were then administered. Anesthesia was maintained for 3 ½ - 5 hours depending on severity of withdrawal symptoms precipitated by naltrexone. Analgetics and sedatives were given as needed afterwards. Upon discharge on the following day, patient was prescribed a regimen of oral naltrexone for 10-12 months. All 361 patients were successfully detoxified without any adverse anesthetic events. The side effects encountered were fatigue, insomnia, drowsy, shivering, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhoea, myalgia, goose bumps and uncomfortable feeling. In most of the patients these symptoms disappeared without any treatment. Symptomatic treatments were needed in 32.7% of patients. In all 166 patients who completed their naltrexone maintenance treatment, craving disappeared in the 10th month. The main problem was the low patient compliance to oral naltrexone, so that only 45.9% of the patients completed their therapy. Conclusion: Accelerated neuroregulation which includes naltrexone maintenance treatment (10-12 months) was highly effective to detoxify and to abolish craving in the heroin dependent patients. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 53-8) Keywords: detoxification, craving management
Comparing the usage of autologous blood transfusion with homologous blood transfusion in spine surgery
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.126

Abstract

Autologous Blood Transfusion (ABT) is the safest type of blood transfusion for the operator and the patient. The preoperative donation technique had already been reduced the homologous blood requirements successfully. Homologous Blood Transfusion (HBT) brings more risks in complications such as transmission of diseases, anaphylactic reactions, haemolitic reactions etc. This was a parallel study, comparing one group receiving ABT and a second group receiving HBT where in both groups were performed spine surgery. The parameter used was the hemoglobin(Hb) and hematocrit(Ht) content preoperatively (after donation of ABT) and after transfusion, total days in hospitalization after surgery. Another purpose of this study was also to achieve understandings in using ABT by considering the total patients who finally required additional HBT. There were 74 patients with diagnosis of spine fracture, tuberculous spondylitis, scoliosis, spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis. In the ABT group the average age was 33,9 ± 14 years old and the HBT group was 29,1 ± 11,5 years old. Both groups consisted of 21 males and 16 females. Body weight of the ABT group was 55,3 ± 11,1 kg and the HBT group 52,8 ± 9,7 kg. Amount of donations preoperatively in ABT was 798,6 ± 170 cc. There were 12 patients (32,4%) where the donated blood amount preoperatively did not match up the requests. There were eight patients (21,6%) in the ABT group that required additional HBT of about 550 cc. Three patients (8,1%) of the ABT group received transfusion that did not match the indications (blood loss < 15% of the total blood volume). The Hb and Ht content preoperatively (after donation) of the ABT group significantly was less than the HBT group (p= 0,001). Hb content after transfusion in the ABT group was not significantly less than the HBT group (p = 0,30). Hospitalization days after surgery were significantly higher in the HBT group (p = 0,000). In conclusions : there was 21,6% of the ABT group with the preoperative donation technique that finally required additional HBT. Also there was no difference in the Hb and Ht content preoperatively and post transfusion in the ABT and HBT group, whereas hospitalization days after surgery were higher in the group receiving HBT than in the group receiving ABT. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 17-23) Keywords: autologous blood transfusion, homologous blood transfusion, spine surgery
Description of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women at Immunoendocrinology Integrated Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.127

Abstract

To identify the pattern of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women through retrospective study in 40 postmenopausal women using Dexa instrument in bones (L2 - L4). Results with 15% of survey formula accuracy were found: mean of menopausal age was 53.25 years, normal bone mineral density 30%, osteopenia 52.5%, and osteoporosis 17.5%. A very strong relationship (r=0.547) and a significant relationship (p=0.000) between body height and bone mineral density were found in this study, and there was a moderate (r=0.315) and significant (p= 0.047) relationship between body weight and bone mineral density, and likewise there was a moderate (r=-0.301) and significant (p=0.059) relationship between duration of menopause and bone mineral density. By contrast, no relationship was found between age (r=0.119) and Body Mass Index (BMI) (r=0.086) and bone mineral density. (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 31-9)Keywords: Duration of menopause, menopause age, body height, body weight, body mass index, and bone mass density
Efficacy of NETDC (New England Trophoblastic Disease Center) prognostic index score to predict gestational trophoblastic tumor from hydatidiform mole
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 13 No. 1 (2004): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v13i1.128

Abstract

A prospective longitudinal analytic study assessing the efficacy of NETDC (New England Trophoblastic Disease Center) prognostic index score in predicting malignancy after hydatidiform mole had been performed. Of the parameter evaluated; age of patients, type of hydatidiform mole, uterine enlargement, serum hCG level, lutein cyst, and presence of complicating factors were significant risk factors for malignancy after hydatidiform mole were evacuated (p<0.032). The study were done on 50 women diagnosed with hydatidiform mole with 1 year observation (January 2001-December 2002) at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang. The results showed that the NETDC prognostic index score predicted malignancy in 50% of high risk group and 10% in low risk group (p<0.05). This showed a higher number than that found by the WHO (19%-30%). The risk for incidence of malignancy after hydatidiform mole in the high risk group is 9.0 times higher compared to that of the low risk group (CI: 1.769-45.786). (Med J Indones 2004; 13: 40-6) Keywords: New England Trophoblastic Disease Center (NETDC), gestational trophoblastic tumor, hydatidiform mole, high and low risk

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