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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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Fixed Dose Combination for TB treatment
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i2.99

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, a third of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis. The disease is responsible for nearly 2 million deaths each year and over 8 million were developing active diseases. Moreover, according to WHO (2000), tuberculosis deaths are estimated to increase to 35 million between 2000-2020. The majority of tuberculosis patients worldwide are still treated with single drugs, or with 2-drug fixed-dose combinations (FDCs). To improve tuberculosis treatment, 2- and 3-drug FDCs were recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) as part of the DOTS strategy. Since 1999 a 4-drug FDC was included on the WHO Model List of Essential Drugs. Today, FDCs are important tools to further improve the quality of care for people with TB, and accelerate DOTS expansion to reach the global TB control targets. Fixed dose combination TB drugs could simplifies both treatment and management of drug supply, and may prevent the emergence of drug resistance .Prevention of drug resistance is just one of the potential benefits of the use of FDCs. FDCs simplify administration of drugs by reducing the number of pills a patient takes each day and decreasing the risk of incorrect prescriptions. Most tuberculosis patients need only take 3–4 FDCs tablets per day during the intensive phase of treatment, instead of the 15–16 tablets per day that is common with single-drug formulations It is much simpler to explain to patients that they need to take four tablets of the same type and colour, rather than a mixture of tablets of different shapes, colours and sizes. Also, the chance of taking an incomplete combination of drugs is eliminated, since the four essential drugs are combined into one tablet. FDCs are also simpler for care-givers as they minimize the risk of confusion. Finally, drug procurement, in all its components (stock management, shipping, distribution), is simplified by FDCs. Adverse reactions to drugs are not more common if FDCs are used. Nevertheless, whenever side-effects to one or more components in a FDC are suspected, there will be a need to switch to single-drug formulations. Quality, safety and efficacy of FDC drugs are determined by the manufacturing process i.e. by compliance of the manufacturer with the requirements of good manufacturing practices (GMP) and pharmacopoeial specifications. National TB programmes must establish a QA system WHO established a laboratory network that tests the quality of FDCs in the marketplace and registers products upon request from the pharmaceutical industry. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 114-9) Keywords: fixed dose combination, tuberculosis, treatment
Organophosphate poisoning : A review
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i2.100

Abstract

Organophosphate pesticides are used extensively worldwide, and poisoning by these agents, particularly in developing nations is a public health problem. Organophosphorous nerve agents are still considered as potential threat in both military or terrorism situations. The mechanism of toxicity is the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and continued stimulation of acetylcholine receptors both in central and peripheral nervous systems. Beside acute cholinergic crisis, organophosphates are capable of producing several subacute or chronic neurological syndromes. The well described intermediate syndrome (IMS) emerges 1-4 days after an apparently well treated cholinergic crisis. The standard treatment consists of reactivation of inhibited acetylcholinesterase with an oxime antidote (pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6 and Hlo7) and reversal of the biochemical effects of acetylcholine with atropine. The newer oximes HI-6 and Hlo& are much more suitable and efficacious acetylcholinesterase reactivator for severe acute nerve agent induced poisoning than currently used pralidoxime or obidoxime. Patients who receive treatment promptly usually recover from acute toxicity but may suffer from neurologic sequelae. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 120-6) Keywords: poisoning, insecticide, organophosphate (OP), carbamates, acetylcholinesterase, oxime, pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6, HLo7
The effect of fiber diet on colonic cancer formation: the role of butyrate
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 2 (2003): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i2.101

Abstract

The majority of colon cancers occur sporadically. They are thougth to be caused by non-inherited factors such as a combination of diet and environmental factors, which result in somatic mutations of specific genes. Among dietary factors butyrate which is derived from fermentable fibers may have important role as chemoprotector against colorectal cancer. The source of butyrate in daily diet mostly come from wheat products especially wheat bran. At molecular level, butyrate causes hystone acetylation, favours differentiation, induces apoptosis and regulates the expressions of various oncogens. These effects suggest that butyrate may be protective against colorectal cancers. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 127-31)Keywords: colon cancer, dietary fiber, apoptosis
Acute eye irritation study of a mixture of glyphosate isopropylamine salt and 2,4 D-isopropylamine
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.102

Abstract

This is an acute irritation study of the eye of a mixture of herbicides containing 240 g/l of glyphosate isopropylamine and 2,4 D-isopropylamine in the rabbits. This study was conducted according the methods as dercribed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Our results show that the combination of the herbicides causes mild conjunctivitis, mild chemosis, eye discharge and corneal injury. The ocular alteration, however, was reversible in nature. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 135-41)
Asthma prevalence among high school students in East Jakarta, 2001, based on ISAAC questionnaire
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.103

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess asthma prevalence in children between 13-14 years of age in East Jakarta. This study is a cross sectional study which surveyed 2234 high school students between the ages of 13 and 14 years in East Jakarta in 2001 using the ISAAC questionnaire. Bronchial challenge test was applied by using methacholine substance to 186 students. Reports based on the ISAAC questionnaire indicate that 7.2% of teenage have had the wheezing experience, 4.1% have wheezing within the last 12 months, 1.8% have ever suffered severe asthma attack within the last 12 months, 3.3% have suffered wheezing after exercise, and 6.3% have got night cough while they were not suffering from cold. Prevalence of atopy diseases such as rhinitis and eczema were 14.2% and 3.9%, meanwhile rhinitis and eczema prevalence within the last 12 months according to this study were 10.6% and 2.9% respectively. Statistically, there is a significant correlation between wheezing symptom and atopy (p < 0.05). From indepth questionnaire, a significant value of kappa 0.84 related with wheezing within the last 12 months was found. Bronchial challenge test results indicate that sensitivity was 90%, specificity 83.58%, positive predictive value 68.12% and negative predictive value was 95.73%. Asthma prevalence in East Jakarta at 2001 based on ISAAC questionnaire was 8.9%, and cumulative prevalence 11.5%. The ISAAC questionnaire can be used to study asthma prevalence in children at multicenter in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 178-86)
Periosteal osteosarcoma: A case report
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.104

Abstract

Periosteal osteosarcoma is a rare type of malignant bone neoplasm, with predominantly cartilaginous component and arising on the bone surface. Reports of the case in the literature were rare. Last case was reported by Mayo Clinic in 1999. We report a case of periosteal osteosarcoma in a 17-year-old male, who was treated surgically with a limb salvage procedure, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy were also given to the patient. There was no local recurrence and lung metastases up to 14 months after surgery. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 166-70)
An analysis on the delay of cervical cancer patients in seeking medical check up in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.105

Abstract

In Indonesia, most cervical cancer patients seek medical help after the cancer has reached advanced stage (62 %). This has caused cervical cancer to contribute to 66 % of gynecological deaths. The objective of this study is to find out factors related to the delay of cervical cancer patients in seeking for medical help. This research employs quantitative and qualitative methods. Samples were obtained from all of the new cervical cancer patients who came for the first time between 2000 to 2001 and returned to the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital Jakarta from August until October 2001. It is concluded that variables significantly correlated with the delay for medical check up are knowledge, attitude, the availability of Pap smear service and husband support. The availability of Pap smear plays as dominant variabel. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 162-5)
Surgeon factor on laser in situ keratomileusis in low and moderate myopia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.106

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and predictability of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure performed by three surgeons in low and moderate myopia. One hundred twenty nine eyes from 68 patients underwent LASIK procedure, performed by three different surgeons (X, Y, Z) using the same procedure and same instruments were reviewed. These patients are divided into two groups, group A (below - 6.00 diopters) and group B (between - 6.00 and - 10.00 diopters). Patients were observed on day 1, day 7, 1st month and 3rd month. Results: The evaluation of effectiveness and predictability is based upon uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and spherical equivalent refraction, respectively. The variation dispersion between attempted correction and achieved correction is measured using coefficient of determination (R2). The statistical analysis shows indifferent results for the three surgeons. The conclusion was that the effectiveness and predictability of LASIK procedure performed by the three surgeons in both groups are indifferent. Hence, this study suggests that the surgeon factor does not affect the result of LASIK procedure. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 148-54)
The efficacy of specific patterns of movements and brain exercises on the cognitive performance of healthy senior citizen in Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.107

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of brain movement and exercise in healthy senior subjects. Brain movement and exercise or Gerak dan Latih Otak (GLO) which comprised of muscles stretching, breathing exercise, and crossing the body's midline of the eyes, head and extremities were performed two times weekly for two months by 70 normal healthy senior subjects. A pre- and posttest on 5 cognitive performance, consisted of visual scanning and tracking (VST), delayed recall (DR), verbal fluency (VF), digits backward (DB), and trail making test-B (TMT-B). The age range of the subjects was 48 to 70 years and duration of education ranged from 6 to 18 years or more. The results of the statistical analyses showed that all the subjects showed high significant increase performance on the five cognitive domains. Women performed significantly in all the tests, while in men the significant increase was on VST, DR, and TMT-B. No different significant increase cognitive performance could be obtained between the two age groups (below 60 years and 60 years upward) and level of education, except for the high education group. It is suggested that further studies with larger scale subjects and same methodology should be performed in several places in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 155-61)
Vulvovaginal candidosis caused by Candida non-albicans, proportion and clinical characteristics in the Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 12 No. 3 (2003): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v12i3.108

Abstract

The prevalence of vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) caused by C. non-albicans tends to increase, recently. The aim of this study was to obtain data about proportion and clinical characteristic of C. non-albicans VVC at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. This is a cross-sectional study on all female patients with symptoms of VVC visiting Obstetri-gynaecology and Dermatovenereology outpatient clinics at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta. All subjects had positive Gram stain, showed Candida spp. on culture with CHROMagar Candida, and had no other specific genital infections. Sixty nine subjects aged 26–44 years old (averaged 29 years old) were included in this study. Candida non-albicans was found in 30.4% subject, and consisted of: C. glabrata (61.9%), C. tropicalis (28.6%) and C. parapsilosis (9.5%). We found that C. non-albicans VVC infections are more common in women above 45 years old, using non-hormonal contraceptives, whose sexual partner has erythema and pruritus in glands penis, and having the disease for more than 1 year. No differences in clinical symptoms were noted between C. albicans and C. non-albicans infection. We concluded from this study that the proportion of C. non-albicans infections at dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, with C. glabrata represents the most prevalent species. No characteristic clinical symptoms were found from the subjects with C. non-albicans VVC when compared with those infected by C. albicans. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 142-7)

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