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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
 34   35   36   37   38 
Rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration by external compression device characterized by X-ray, MRI, histology, and cell viability
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.240

Abstract

Appropriate experimental animal models, which mimic the degenerative process occurring in human intervertebral disc (IVD) breakdown and can be used for new treatment studies such as tissue engineering or disc distraction are lacking. We studied the external compression device that used by Kroeber et al to create intervertebral disc degeneration in rabbit model characterized by X-ray, MRI, Histology, and Cell Viability. Ten NZW rabbit were randomly assigned to one of five groups. Intervertebral disc VL4-L5 are compressed using an external loading device, 1.9 MPa. First group rabbit are loaded for 14 days, second loaded for 28 days, thirth group are loaded for 14 days, and unloaded for 14 days, fourth group loaded for 28 days and unloaded for 28 days. The fifth group, rabbits underwent a sham operation. Additional, rabbits were used as sample for cell viability study. In disc height : sample in group one have biggest decreasing of disc height, that is 23.9 unit. In MRI assessment, the worst grade is grade 3. In histological score, the worst group is group three (58.69), and the best is group 4 (45.69). Group one have the largest dead cell, that are 403.5, and the smallest is group four (124.75). Trypan blue staining showed that group four have better viable cell (91.1) compare than group three (86.4). The study conclude disc degeneration can be created by external axial loading for 14 days in rabbit intervertebral disc. Duration of 28 days unloading gave better result for cells to recover. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:199-207) Keywords: Rabbit model –intervertebral disc degeneration- external compression device-X-ray, MRI, Histology, and Cell viabilty
Subchronic oral toxicity study of Vegeta in Sprague-Dawley rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.241

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the safety and toxic effect of Vegeta giving orally for a period of 90 days in rats. Eighty rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly devided into 4 groups. Each group consists of 20 rats, 10 male and 10 female rats. Each group received 0.25 g/ kgBW; 0.50 g / kgBW; 1.00 g / kgBW Vegeta (in aquadest solution) respectively, and the control group received 5 mL /kgBW aquadest , given orally by gastric tube for 90 days. The rat’s body weight and behavior were daily evaluated. On the 90th day, the rats were decapitated and the blood samples were withdrawn for evaluation of Hemoglobin, leucocyte, SGPT, SGOT, creatinine, and ureum concentration. Visceral organs were also removed, being weighted and were examined microscopically. The results showed that Vegeta with dose of 0.25 g / kgBW; 0.50 g / kgBW, and 1.00 g / kgBW did not affect body weight, liver and renal function compared to control group. There was no significant difference for hemoglobin value compared to control group, but the number of leucocyte increased in 1.00 g / kgBW Vegeta dose group, which was possibly caused by infection. In Vegeta group, there was different spleen and brain weight in male rats, and different lung and heart weight in female rats compared to the control group. However, since it was not dose-related and there was no specific abnormality in microscopic examination compared to the control group, it was not indicated as Vegeta toxic effect. The No observed effect level (NOEL) value of Vegeta for 90 day oral administration in male and female rats of Sprague-Dawley strain was 1.00 g / kgBW. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:223-8)Keywords: Vegeta, subchronic toxicity, oral, rats
Autologus normovolemic and hypervolemic hemodilution during surgery using 6% dextran 70 and lactated ringer solution: impact on mean arterial pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin and hematocrite (A preliminary study)
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.242

Abstract

Autologous normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) is one of the methods to conserve blood donor (homologous). The decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) due to bleeding in major surgery will be minimized and the hematocrite (Hct) will be adjusted accordingly by this method. However, due to its impractical clinical application, another simpler hemodilution method is used, i.e. hypervolemic hemodilution (HHD), using 6% dextran 70 and lactated Ringer solutions. The aim of this randomized comparative study was to investigate the impacts of both hemodilution methods (ANH and HHD) on mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrite (Hct) in anesthetized patients undergoing major surgery. Fourteen (14) women fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into 2 groups. Seven (7) women received ANH and seven (7) women received HHD method. There were significant statistical differences (P<0.05) between ANH and HHD groups in MAP and Hct after 1 minute (86.3±9.1 vs. 99.1±6.4 on MAP) and (27.3±1.7 vs. 31.5±4.4 on Hct) and after 20 minutes (87.7±7.3 vs. 98.3±6.8 on MAP) and (27.4±1.7 vs. 3.6±4.8 on Hct) post-hemodilution respectively. There was no difference in HR and Hb. No statistical difference between the four parameters tested after 120 minutes post-hemodilution. It may be concluded that both methods worth to be used in clinical setting although further studies are required. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:246-50)
Efficacy of existing antimalarial drugs for uncomplicated malaria in Timika, Papua, Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.243

Abstract

Chloroquine resistant malaria is a serious problem in Indonesia particularly in Papua. A trial of the existing antimalarial drugs was conducted in Timika, Papua. The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of cloroquine (CQ) + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Patients with uncomplicated malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale or P. malariae were enrolled and treated with supervised CQ+SP (P. falciparum) or CQ (non-P. falciparum). Patients were followed for 28-42 days. Patients failing therapy were retreated with unsupervised quinine±doxycycline. 207 patients were enrolled in the study (88 P. falciparum, 40 P. vivax, 15 mixed infections, 50 P. malariae and 14 P. ovale). Early treatment failures occurred in 4 of 86 (5%) patients with falciparum malaria, 6 of 37 (16%) patients with vivax malaria and none of those with P. ovale or P. malariae infections. The failure rate by day 28 for P. vivax was 22 of 30 (73%) patients, with all recurrences occurring in the presence of plasma chloroquine concentration above the minimum effective concentration (MEC>15ng/ml). After correcting for reinfections the day 42 recrudescence rate for falciparum malaria was 48% [95%CI:31-65] and in 61% of cases this was in the presence of chloroquine levels above 30 ng/ml. Retreatment with unsupervised quinine±doxycycline resulted in further recurrence of malaria in 48% [95%CI:31-65] of P. falciparum infections and 70% [95%CI:37-100] of P. vivax infections. None of the patients with P. ovale or P. malariae had treatment failures within 28 days. There is a high prevalence of antimalarial drug resistance of P. falciparum and P. vivax to the existing antimalarial drugs. However chloroquine retains adequate efficacy against P. ovale and P. malariae in Papua. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:251-8)
Meningitis mortality in Neurology Ward of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital Jakarta
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.244

Abstract

Mortality rate of meningitis is not decreased even though there is decreasing meningitis rate and advanced development of antibiotics. The purpose of this study is to find out meningitis mortality pattern and to evaluate factors related to meningitis mortality in hospitalized patients. Study was done using retrospective data from medical records of the patients administered in the Neurology ward of Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital from January 1997 — December 2005. Data were reported descriptively in texts and tables, and analyzed with Chi-square for categorical data and Student's "t" test for numerical data, then for final model using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Two hundred and seventy three patients were included in this study, consisted of 81 female patients and 192 male patients age between 12 to 78 years old. A hundred and fourteen patients died during and 159 patients lived. Decreased level of consciousness, especially stupor (OR 10.44, p 0.000) and coma (OR 53.333, p 0.000), and presence of motor weakness (OR 2.068, p 0.009) had relationship with outcome. Mortality rate of meningitis is still high (41.8%) because there are some factors that affect its prognosis. From this study, onset, level of consciousness, and motor weakness are predictors for meningitis death. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:236-41)
The reduction of intraocular pressure after instillation of travoprost compared with timolol in chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.245

Abstract

The objective of this study is to compare the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) after instillation of Travoprost compared with timolol in chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma. A prospective randomized, crossover study was conducted from April 2005 to July 2005 at Department of Ophthalmology, National Central General Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta on subjects with chronic primary angle-closure glaucoma. Subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: those taking Travoprost once daily and those taking timolol twice daily. Two weeks after treatment with the first drug, the second drug was substituted. Intraocular pressure was recorded before therapy, at day 1, day 7, and day 14. There was a wash out period of three weeks prior to initial treatment and after the cross over. Sixteen subjects (32 eyes) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The mean baseline IOP in the Travoprost group was 25.38 ± 3.01 mmHg, while in the timolol group it was 25.88 ± 2.55 mmHg (p=0.354). At day 7, the IOP were consecutively 16.75 ± 1.92 mmHg and 21.25 ± 3.09 mmHg (p=0.001) and at day 14 IOP were 13.94 ± 2.02 mmHg and 19.25 ± 2.18 mmHg (p=000). This showed that Travoprost decreased the IOP faster and greater than timolol. The mean baseline IOP was 25.38 ± 3.01 mmHg was decreased to 11.44 ± 1.90 mmHg with Travoprost. In the timolol group, the mean baseline IOP of 25.88 ± 2.55 mmHg was decreased to 6.63 ± 2.25 mmHg. Statistically, Travoprost significantly reduced the IOP faster and greater than timolol (p<0.05). Travoprost eye drops reduced the IOP faster and greater than timolol. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:242-5)
The reference range of serum, plasma and erythrocyte magnesium
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.246

Abstract

The interest in the clinical importance of serum magnesium level has just recently begun with the analysis and findings of abnormal magnesium level in cardiovascular, metabolic and neuromuscular disorder. Although the serum level does not reflect the body magnesium level, but currently, only serum magnesium determination is widely used. Erythrocyte magnesium is considered more sensitive than serum magnesium as it reflects intracellular magnesium status. According to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) every laboratory is recommended to have its own reference range for the tests it performs, including magnesium determination. The reference range obtained is appropriate for the population and affected by the method and technique. This study aimed to find the reference range of serum and plasma magnesium and also intracellular magnesium i.e. erythrocyte magnesium by direct method, and compare the results of serum and plasma magnesium. Blood was taken from 114-blood donor from Unit Transfusi Darah Daerah (UTDD) Budhyarto Palang Merah Indonesia (PMI) DKI Jakarta, consisted of 57 male and 57 female, aged 17 – 65 years, clinically healthy according to PMI donor criteria. Blood was taken from blood set, collected into 4 ml vacuum tube without anticoagulant for serum magnesium determination and 3 ml vacuum tube with lithium heparin for determination of erythrocyte and plasma magnesium Determination of magnesium level was performed with clinical chemistry auto analyzer Hitachi 912 by Xylidil Blue method colorimetrically. This study showed no significant difference between serum and heparinized plasma extra cellular magnesium. The reference range for serum or plasma magnesium was 1.30 – 2.00 mEq/L and for erythrocyte magnesium was 4.46 - 7.10 mEq/L. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:229-35)Keywords: Reference range, extracellular magnesium, intracellular magnesium
Dietary plant food and socioeconomic determinants of vitamin A status : study in rural lactating woman during crisis in Central Java
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 15 No. 4 (2006): October-December
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v15i4.247

Abstract

For the Longer term food-based approaches for controlling vitamin A deficiency and its consequences, become increasingly important. A nutrition survailance system in Central-Java, Indonesia assessed vitamin A intake and serum retinol concentration of lactating women with a child ≤36 mo old during crisis. Median vitamin A intake was 319 RE/d and night blindness 0,34%. Serum retinol concentration (mean : 1,23 µmol/L) was related to vitamin A intake in a dose-concentration manner. The multiple logistic regression model for predicting the chance for a serum retinol concentration > observed median of the population (≥1,27 µ mol/L) included determinant factors, vitamin A intake from plant foods (OR [95% CI] per quartile, 1st : 1.00, 2nd: 1,63 [0,99-2,80], 3rd: 1,99 [1,58-2,99], and 4th: 2,62 [1,68-4,04], from, animal foods (1st and 2nd: 1,00. 3rd: 1,37 [0,89-2,09] and 4th: 2,86 [1,59-3,98] ). Homegardening (no 1,00, yes 1,88 [1,08-2,68] ) and woman's education level (≤primary school : 1,00 ≥secondary school : 1,46 [1,00-2,16] ). Thus, although contributing 16 times more to total vitamin A intake plant foods were as important for vitamin A status as animal foods. Homegardening and woman's education level seem to reflect longer-term consumption of plant and animal foods respectively. (Med J Indones 2006; 15:259-66)
Patterns of bacterial resistance against Ceftriaxone from 2002 to 2005 in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2007): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i1.248

Abstract

The spread of drug resistant microbes is a global public health challenge which impairs the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and causes substantial increase in morbidity and mortality rates, including healthcare-associated costs. Monitoring of antimicrobial drug resistance from documented microbial epidemiology & resistance rate is useful in preventing the emergence of resistance. This study reports on the pattern of bacterial resistance against ceftriaxone in the past 4 years. The data were obtained from specimens examined in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia from 2002 to 2005. Microbial species were determined from culture and identification tests. Disc diffusion method was used for sensitivity testing of ceftriaxone to 14 Gram-negative and 7 Gram-positive bacteria. Although resistance rates were increased from 2002 to 2005, resistance rates of ceftriaxone were found to be less than 50%. Low resistance rates (< 3%) were observed for Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A, Shigella flexneri, Serratia marcescens, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. These results could be useful in developing guidelines on the use of ceftriaxone in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:3-6) Keywords: Microbial drug resistance, disc diffusion method, Gram-positive, Gram-negative
Effectiveness of intravenous clarithromycin followed by oral clarithromycin in acute exacerbation of asthma with respiratory tract infection
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 1 (2007): January-March
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i1.249

Abstract

In addition to its antimicrobial activity, macrolides have an immunomodulatory effect that may be beneficial to patients with asthma. This quasi-experimental study aimed to determine the effect of intravenous clarithromycin followed by oral administration in 37 patients with acute exacerbations asthma caused by respiratory tract infection during January - December 2005. Patients with mild to moderate exacerbations of asthma with respiratory tract infection meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were given intravenous clarithromycin 2 x 500 mg/day for not more than 5 days and followed by oral clarithromycin 2 x 500 mg/day for 7 days. Outcome variables were improvement of clinical symptoms according to the asthma exacerbation score and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). After 10 days, treatment resulted significant improvement in total asthma exacerbation score and morning PEFR in 35 patients enrolled this project. Based on clinical improvement and laboratory findings, the number of days required for intravenous clarithromycin was less then 3 days for 21 subjects, 3-5 days in 14 subjects. The most common causative pathogens were S. β-haemolyticus and Streptococcus sp. It was concluded that clarithromycin improved clinical symptoms and PEFR in exacerbation of asthma caused by respiratory tract infection. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:7-13) Keywords: Claritromycin, asthma exacerbation, respiratory tract infection

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