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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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Morphological characteristics of leukemia cells in acute myeloblastic leukemia with t(8;21)(q22;q22): possible predictability of t(8;21)
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.260

Abstract

The laboratory systems for chromosomal analysis or the detection of fusion genes are generally not available in Indonesia. Therefore, bone marrow (BM) morphological analysis should be developed and applied to get an accurate diagnosis. In this study the BM smears of eight (8) cases of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) which had already been known to have t(8;21)(q22;q22), were morphologically evaluated in order to find out the characteristics, which might be used to predict t(8;21)(q22;q22) or the presence of AML1-ETO(MTG8) fusion gene. All of the cases belonged to AML-M2. The morphological characteristics, indicative of t(8;21) were pink colored cytoplasm in mature neutrophil (75%), neutrophilic myelocytes or metamyelocytes without granules or with scarce granules (2.3%), eosinophilia (eosinophilic myelocytes and metamyelocytes) (above 5%), myelocytes with abundant granules 8.5%, and low percentage of type I blasts (below 10%). These characteristics were not observed in AML-M2 cases without t(8;21) or AML1-ETO(MTG8). The myelocytes with abundant granules have not been described so far, while other characteristics were in line with the findings of Nakamura et al (Leukemia 1997;11:651-55). (Med J Indones 2007; 16:84-8)Keywords: PML-RARA fusion gene, AML1-ETO (MTG8), myelocytes, abundant granul
Clinical application of ultrasound in dermatological cases
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.261

Abstract

Ultrasonography has been recognized as an important diagnostic modality in medicine and has entered the area of clinical dermatology. Its non-invasive characteristics have made it easily use and completely safe. It provides important diagnostic information in evaluating skin tumors. It also outlines the subcutaneous lesions and their relation to its adjacent tissue. Another ultrasound technique is color Doppler which is useful to assess vascularization of skin lesion. In this article, we would like to report ultrasound imaging in some selected cases from our institution. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:113-6)Keywords: Ultrasound, skin tumor, arteriovenous malformation, pseudoaneurysm
Pneumatic displacement without tissue plasminogen activator in premacular subhyaloid hemorrhage
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.262

Abstract

To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6) gas without the use of tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) in premacular Subhyaloid Hemorrhage (SHH), 5 eyes of 5 patients with premacular SHH were enrolled. After performing paracentesis of the anterior chamber, 0.3 ml pure SF6 gas was injected through pars plana with a 30 gauge needle. Facedown position was maintained for 5 days. Subhyaloid Hemorrhage was displaced in 4/5 (80%) eyes with a duration of SHH less than 2 weeks. The pre-injection visual acuity of all 5 eyes was finger counting and improved in 4/5 ( 80% ) eyes within 3 days to 7 days post-injection to 6/20 - 6/6. The underlying disease was hypercoagulation in 1 patient, diabetes mellitus in 2 patients, hypertension in 1 patient and unknown in 1 patient. No complications were encountered. In conclusion, SF6 gas injected into the vitreous without the use of tPA, can displace SHH if performed within 14 days of duration, and results in rapid visual recovery. This procedure is proven to be safe. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:104-7) Keywords: subhyaloid hemorrhage, pneumatic displacement, sulfur hexafluoride gas
Primitive Neuro Ectodermal Tumor (PNET) in infant diagnosed by histopathology and immunohistochemistry techniques
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.263

Abstract

Primitive Neuro Ectodermal Tumor (PNET) is rare and difficult to diagnose. A case of PNET was diagnosed based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. A 4-month-old infant was admitted to the hospital with a tumor on the midline of his chest wall since he was 3 days old. The tumor was fixed on the chest wall and had ill-defined margin, enlarged over time and reached more than 10 cm in diameter when he was brought to a clinician. Two small ulcers were seen on the skin overlying the tumor. It was diagnosed as soft tissue tumor suggestive of a hemangioma. The tumor was 17 x 13 x 5.5 cm in size, white colored and firm to the touch. Microscopic examination revealed malignant small round cells with round to ovoid nuclei, coarse chromatin and scanty cytoplasm. Most cells were arranged in a solid pattern with scattered Homer-Wright rosettes. The mitotic count was 7/10 HPF, and necrosis was minimal (less than 25%). On immunohistochemical examination, the cells showed weak to moderate immunoreactivity to Vimentin and CD99, but showed negative to weak positive reactivity to NSE and Chromogranin. Based on the clinical features, gross findings, histopathologic and immunohistochemical examinations, the case was diagnosed as a malignant small round cell tumor consistent with PNET / ES (Ewing's Sarcoma). To confirm the diagnosis, cytogenetic examination is suggested. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:108-12) Keywords: PNET, histopathology, immunohistochemistry
Efficacy and safety of galantamine in the treatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease with cerebrovascular (Mixed Dementia) (GAL-DEM-402)
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.264

Abstract

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Galantamine (Reminyl®) for patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Alzheimer's Disease with cerebrovascular Disease (AD+CVD or mixed Dementia). A 6-month open label observational study of Galantamine has been conducted on 28 patients with AD and AD+CVD patients. Primary endpoints were cognitive performance as assessed using the Mini Mental Scale Examination (MMSE), the Restricted Reminding Test), the Neuropsychology Assessment, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to assess global function and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to assess behavioral symptoms. Patients were also monitored for safety evaluation. Six month Galantamine group had a significant better outcome of cognitive performance, global function and behavioral symptoms compared with the baseline data as were assessed using the MMSE (p<0.05), the Restricted Reminding (p<0.05), the Neuropsychology Assessment (p<0.05), the CDR (p<0.05) and the NPI (p<0.05). Minimal adverse events (32%) were anorexia and nausea. It is concluded that Galantamine has a significant benefit to improve cognitive, global function, behavioral symptoms and only caused minimal adverse events. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:94-100) Keywords: Galantamine, alzheimer, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, AD, AD+CVD
Low education, more frequent of seizure, more types of therapy, and generalized seizure type decreased quality of life among epileptic patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.265

Abstract

Persons with chronic disease such as epilepsy, where a cure is not attainable and therapy may be prolonged, quality of life (QoL) has come to be seen as an important goal. The objective of this study was to identify scores of quality of life (QoL related to clinical factors. A cross-sectional study using QOLIE-31 instrument to identify quality of life among ambulatory epileptic patients at Epileptic Clinic of Department of Neurology-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. Samples were taken consecutively from August 2005 to December 2005. Several demographic data as well as clinical were collected. QOLIE-31 components consisted of seizure worry, overall quality of life, emotional well-being, energy/fatigue, cognitive function, medication effect and social function. We found among 145 subjects the total score of QOLIE-31 ranged from 28-95 (mean = 67.6; standard of deviation = 14.55). The total score of QOLIE-31was corelated with low education, more frequent of seizures, antiepileptic drug politherapy and type of generalized seizure. antiepileptic drug politherapy was the most dominant risk factor for lowering total score of QOLIE-31. Our finding was in accordance with previous studies in India, Georgia, South Korea. In additioin we found that education was also a risk factor for total score of QOLIE-31. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:101-3) Keyword: epilepsy, quality of life, QOLIE-31, risk factors
Delayed stool specimen collection during the early and late stages of the Polio outbreak increase the risk of negative Wild Poliovirus laboratory results in some districts in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.266

Abstract

In 2005, a wild poliovirus (WPV) outbreak occurred in Indonesia. Some stool specimens from acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) subjects, showed negative laboratory results for WPV. The aim of this study was to identify several risk factors associated with negative WPV laboratory results. A cross-sectional study was conducted on all AFP surveillance stool specimens taken from the three districts where 58.9% of the outbreak cases occurred. Data were obtained from Bandung and Jakarta National Polio Laboratory regarding identity of cases; onset of paralysis; data on specimen collected (timing, dispatched, received, and tested); and results of the tests. In addition, field visits were conducted to the three districts for confirmation of data collecting methods, facilities, and field personnel. The Cox regression method for relative risk (RR) was used for analysis. The prevalence of negative results was 31.5%. Negative results at the beginning of the outbreak (February-April) were 60%, at the end of the outbreak (July-December) were 66.2%, and at the height of the outbreak (May-June) were 15.5%. Negative WPV results were related to delayed specimen collection, origin of district specimen, and the period of specimen collection. Delayed versus on-time stool collection increased the risk of negative results by 70% (adjusted relative risk = 1.70; 95% confidence intervals = 1.01 - 2.88). In conclusion, inappropriate timing of specimen collection, in particular during the early and late stages of the polio outbreak, needs special attention to minimize the risk of negative WPV laboratory results. (Med J Indones. 2007;16:122-6)
High level of work stressors increase the risk of mental-emotional disturbances among airline pilots
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.267

Abstract

Civilian airline pilots have one of the most stressful occupations. The aim of this study was to identify the effect of work stressors and other factors on mental-emotional disturbances among airline pilots. A cross-sectional study was done by interviewing selected pilots of an airline using appropriate questionnaires, during their routine medical examination from May to July 1999 in Jakarta. Five aspects of work stressor were assessed: working conditions, physical conditions of working environment, career development, organization and interpersonal relationship. Mental-emotional disturbances were determined by using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL 90) questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using relative risk by Cox regression with constant time. From 128 subjects interviewed, 109 could be analyzed. Most of the subjects were married (73.4%) and college graduates (91.7%). The number of captains and first officers were almost equal. The prevalence of mental-emotional disturbances was 39.4%. Mental-emotional disturbances were significantly related to work stressors and moderately related to household tension (P = 0.184). Compared to pilots with low levels of work stressors, those with high or very high levels of work stressors had a risk of 4.6 times of mental-emotional disturbances [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 4.64; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01 - 19.65]. Adequate guides to cope work stressors and household tension which related to mental-emotional disturbance is recommended. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:117-21)
Production of ROS and its effects on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, human spermatozoa, and sperm function
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 2 (2007): April-June
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i2.268

Abstract

Over the past few decades many researchers studying the causes of male infertility have recently focused on the role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) – highly reactive oxidizing agents belonging to the class of free radicals. If ROS levels rise, oxidative stress (OS) occurs, which results in oxygen and oxygen derived oxidants, and in turn increases the rates of cellular damage. In human, ROS are produced by a variety of semen components, and antioxidants in the seminal fluid keep their level balance. Small amounts of ROS help spermatozoa acquire their necessary fertilizing capabilities. Many researches showed that ROS attack DNA integrity in the sperm nucleus by causing base modification, DNA strand breaks, and chromatin cross linking. The DNA damage induced excessive levels of ROS and might accelerate the process of germ cell apoptosis leading to a decline in sperm counts associated with male infertility. This paper will review the molecular (cellular) origins of ROS in human semen, how ROS damage sperm nuclear DNA, and how such DNA damage contributes to male infertility. Increased ROS production by spermatozoa is associated with a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which is an important indicator of functional integrity of the spermatozoa. Germ cell apoptosis is essential for normal spermatogenesis and its dysregulation may lead to male infertility. Thus, understanding the causes and mechanisms of germ cell apoptosis is of major importance in preventing male reproductive problems. Levels of apoptosis in mature spermatozoa that were significantly correlated with levels of seminal ROS determined by chemiluminescence assay indicate the linkage between ROS and male fertility problems. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:127-33) Keywords: Apoptosis, infertility, free radicals
Curcumin protects against failure to generate a transmembrane potential and protein aggregation of rat liver mitochondria induced by tert-butylhydroperoxides
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 16 No. 3 (2007): July-September
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v16i3.269

Abstract

Curcumin, an active ingredient of curcuma plant has been thought to be beneficial in the treatment of liver diseases. In the previous studies, we have shown the protective effects of curcumin against lipid peroxidation and swelling of the ratlivermitochondrial preparation induced by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH). In the present study, the administration of t-BuOOH of 90 µM caused the mitochondria failed to generate a transmembrane potential (Ym). Of 3 doses of curcumin administered (0.5µM, 2.5 µM dan 5.0 µM) the maximum protective effect against failure to generate a transmembrane potential caused by t-BuOOH was obtained by 2.5µM of curcumin(79.13+6.28%).Further, curcumin of 1000 µM could prevent protein aggregation formation caused by t-BuOOH in the electrophoretogram. This study shows the protective effects of curcumin against damaged of energy production system and protein of the mitochondria caused by t-BuOOH. (Med J Indones 2007; 16:139-45)

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