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Al-Iqtishad : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah (Journal of Islamic Economics)
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
ISSN : 2087135X     EISSN : 24078654     DOI : 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.
Core Subject : Religion, Economy, Social,
Religion Economics, Econometrics & Finance Social Sciences
This journal focused on Islamic law on economics and finance studies and present developments through the publication of articles. Specifically, the journal will deal with topics, including but not limited to Islamic law on Islamic Banking, Islamic Marketing, Islamic Human Resources, Islamic Finance, Zakah, Waqf, Poverty Alleviation, Islamic Public Finance, Monetary Economics, Economic Development, Maqasid al-Shariah, Institutional Economics, Islamic management, Behavioural Economics and Finance, Corporate Governance, Risk Management, Shariah issues, Financial Engineering, Securitization and Sukuk, Islamic Capital Markets, Insurance and Takaful, Regulatory Issues, Corporate Social Responsibility in Islam and other topics which related to this area. The journal is intended to communicate original research and current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (semua kategori) - Ilmu Ekonomi, Ekonometrika dan Keuangan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 10 Documents
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The Impact of Religiosity on the Relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Organizational Commitment Sumunar, Kurnia Indah; Jannah, Lu'lu'ul; Anita, Anita
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.13160

Abstract

Non-financial performance variables such as corporate social responsibility (CSR) receive increased attention from stakeholders. This study examines whether CSR performance affects employees of Sharia financial institutions concerning organizational commitment and whether religiosity as a moderating variable strengthens or weakens that effect. Research on the role of employee performance toward CSR practices and the impact of those performances on employee behaviour is limited, especially in developing countries. In addition, the religiosity factor is still under consideration in terms of whether it affects employee performance. Based on information gathered from questionnaires distributed to employees of Sharia financial institutions in Indonesia, this study shows that CSR performance positively affects organizational commitment, and religiosity weakens the positive influence of CSR performance on organizational commitment. Employees feel CSR practices can affect their work performance because companies with good CSR practices could create a good reputation for their organization.  AbstrakVariabel kinerja non-keuangan seperti tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan (CSR) mendapat perhatian yang besar dari para pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini menguji apakah kinerja CSR mempengaruhi karyawan lembaga keuangan syariah terhadap komitmen organisasi dan apakah religiusitas sebagai variable moderasi memperkuat atau memperlemah efek tersebut. Penelitian tentang peran kinerja karyawan terhadap praktik CSR dan dampak sikap tersebut terhadap perilaku karyawan masih terbatas, terutama dalam konteks negara berkembang. Selain itu, faktor religiositas masih dalam pertimbangan apakah berpengaruh terhadap kinerja karyawan. Berdasarkan informasi yang dikumpulkan dari kuesioner yang dibagikan kepada karyawan lembaga keuangan syariah di Indonesia, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja CSR berpengaruh positif terhadap komitmen organisasi, dan religiusitas memperlemah pengaruh positif kinerja CSR terhadap komitmen organisasi. Karyawan merasa praktik CSR dapat mempengaruhi kinerja di tempat kerja karena perusahaan dengan praktik CSR yang baik dapat menciptakan reputasi yang baik bagi organisasi.
The Urgency of Establishing a World Class Takāful Operator in Indonesia: Reason and Concept Rahman, Wahyudin; Fatwa, Nur
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.22464

Abstract

This study analyzes the urgency of establishing a World Class Takāful Operator(WCTO), initiated by the National Committee on Islamic Finance and Economics (KNEKS). This is due to several reasons, including a deadline for work plans and the separation of Sharia Units in 2024, risk mitigation support to Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), preparation of the ASEAN Framework Agreement On Services (AFAS) in 2025, strengthening halal value chain and improvement of the national insurance image. Using qualitative descriptive analysis, this study recommends the ideal concept (models, mechanisms, market segmentation and distribution channels) for WCTO formation. The ideal concept for WCTO requires the combination of social and commercial insurance, consolidation with portfolio transfers, retail and corporate balance and existing distribution channels with digitalization. This finding becomes a new insight into takafful literature.  AbstrakPenelitian ini menganalisis urgensi pembentukan Class Takāful Operator (WCTO) yang telah di inisiasi Komite Nasional Keuangan dan Ekonomi Syariah (KNEKS). Hal ini karena adanya batas waktu rencana kerja dan pemisahan Unit Syariah tahun 2024, dukungan mitigasi risiko kepada Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), persiapan ASEAN Framework Agreement On Services (AFAS) tahun 2025, penguatan rantai nilai halal dan meningkatkan citra asuransi nasional. Dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini merekomendasikan konsep ideal (model, mekanisme, segmentasi pasar dan jalur distribusi) pembentukan WCTO. Adapun konsep ideal WCTO dilakukan dengan kombinasi asuransi sosial dan komersial, konsolidasi dengan transfer portofolio, perimbangan retail dan korporasi dan existing jalur distribusi dengan digitalisasi. 
The Political Economy of Household Expenditure in Indonesia Alexandi, Muhammad Findi; Murti, Prima Puspita Indra
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.22794

Abstract

The study analyzed the data released by BPS RI from 2010 to 2019. There is a tendency for the growth rate of Indonesian people's spending on food and non-food to be lower than the growth rate of its national disposable income. This shows that Indonesian income has entered the upper-middle-income level. Further, some of the income earned has been saved or invested. A descriptive analysis and double linear regression analysis are used in this study. Data shows that household spending on GDP in Indonesia is more than 50%. This study finds a shift in household expenditure structure between food and non-food consumption. Food expenditure experienced a steep decline from 1999 to 2019. The analysis shows that independent variables encompassing inflation, national disposable income, public saving position and ZIS funds distribution significantly influenced household expenditure.  AbstrakPenelitian ini menganalisis data yang dirilis BPS RI tahun 2010 hingga 2019 tentang kecenderungan laju pertumbuhan pengeluaran masyarakat Indonesia untuk makanan dan nonmakanan. Data menjelaskan bahwa pengeluaran makana lebih rendah dari pendapatan disposabel nasional. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan masyarakat Indonesia memasuki tingkat pendapatan menengah ke atas. Saat ini, lebih banyak orang yang menginvestasikan pendapatan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi linier berganda dan menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran rumah tangga terhadap PDB di Indonesia lebih dari 50%. Struktur pengeluaran rumah tangga dari konsumsi makanan bergeser ke bukan makanan. Ditemukan bahwa pengeluaran pangan mengalami penurunan tajam dari tahun 1999 hingga 2019. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel bebas yang meliputi inflasi, pendapatan disposabel nasional, posisi tabungan masyarakat, dan penyaluran dana ZIS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengeluaran rumah tangga.
Overview of Halal Cosmetics in a Decade: A Bibliometric Analysis Suryani, Wan; Subri, Irwan Mohd; Rafiki, Ahmad; Tobing, Fitriani; Hidayat, Sutan Emir
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.23361

Abstract

This article applies bibliometric analysis to examine existing works and literature on Halal Cosmetics to explore the concept’s evolving journey since its emergence. This study applies bibliometric approaches such as citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence of author keywords based on a bibliometric analysis of 137 publications extracted from the Scopus database between 2004 and September 2021. This research examines and elaborates the kind and direction of research on Halal cosmetics undertaken over the last few decades. It also identifies the most influential writers, journals, institutions, and countries concerning Halal cosmetics. This study might provide academics and practitioners with detailed insights into the Halal cosmetics concepts, which can subsequently be used as a reference for strategic efforts. AbstrakArtikel ini menerapkan analisis bibliometrik untuk mengkaji karya dan literatur yang ada tentang kosmetik halāl untuk mengeksplorasi perjalanan konsep yang berkembang sejak kemunculannya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan bibliometrik seperti sitasi, co-citation, dan co-occurrence 137 publikasi yang diambil dari database Scopus antara tahun 2004 dan September 2021. Penelitian ini mengkaji dan menguraikan jenis dan arah penelitian tentang kosmetik halāl yang dilakukan selama beberapa dekade terakhir serta mengidentifikasi penulis, jurnal, institusi, dan negara paling berpengaruh tentang kosmetik halāl. Analisis SWOT singkat termasuk dalam penelitian ini. Kajian ini memberikan wawasan yang mendetail kepada akademisi dan praktisi tentang konsep kosmetik halāl, yang selanjutnya dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk upaya-upaya strategis.
Optimizing the Role of Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk for State Development Anindhita, Aulia Eka; Widana, IGN Oka
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.24195

Abstract

The Indonesian government has issued retail and non-retail Cash Waqf Linked Sukuk (CWLS). However, the cash waqf collected has not been optimal. This shows that public interests in retail CWLS are still low. Therefore, this study discusses possible ways to increase public interest in retail CWLS and optimize it for state development. Data is obtained from a literature review, interviews, and Focused-Group Discussion (FGD) with informants from the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI), the Ministry of Finance, and academics. The results show stakeholders can promote CWLS through a social marketing approach. This is in line with the purpose of CWLS products, which is for social programs (non-profit oriented) carried out by the government and voluntary organizations. Furthermore, the design thinking method can be used to optimize the role of CWLS in state developments. Design thinking is a logical, systematic, and creative process that a person takes to experiment, produce ideas and model prototypes, and collect feedback. In this context, public literacy issues should be addressed, and the social programs financed should be formulated.   AbstrakPemerintah menerbitkan CWLS non-ritel dan CWLS retail, namun jumlah wakaf uang yang terkumpul belum maksimal. Ini menunjukkan rendahnya animo masyarakat terhadap produk CWLS ritel. Penelitian ini membahas care meningkatkan minat masyarakat pada produk CWLS ritel dan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan CWLS dalam pembangunan. Data penelitian ini berasal dari kajian literatur, wawancara, dan Focus Group Discussion, dengan informant dari Badan Wakaf Indonesia (BWI), Kementerian Keuangan, dan akademisi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stakeholder dapat memasarkan produk melalui pengembangan teori pemasaran sosial karena tujuan dari produk CWLS adalah untuk program sosial masyarakat dan dilakukan oleh pemerintah bersama organisasi sektor sukarela. Selanjutnya, untuk mengoptimalkan peran CWLS pada pembangunan negara dapat menggunakan metode design thinking. Design thinking adalah proses logis, sistematis, dan kreatif yang dilakukan seseorang untuk bereksperimen, menghasilkan ide dan model prototipe, serta mengumpulkan umpan balik. Para Stakeholder harus menyelesaikan masalah literasi masyarakat dan pemilihan program sosial yang akan dibiayai terlebih dahulu.
Comparative Analysis of Efficient Market for Sharia and Conventional Stocks in ASEAN countries Rodoni, Ahmad; Djauhari, Haikal; Rahma, Yusro; Alhassan, Alhussaini Alawad
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25025

Abstract

This study analyzes and compares the weak forms of Islamic and conventional stock market efficiency in ASEAN countries. The data were taken from BEI Syariah (JKISSI), Jakarta Stock Exchange (JKSE), FTSE Bursa Malaysia EMAS Syariah (FTFBMS), FTSE Malaysia KLCI (KLSE), SET Index (SETI), and FTSE SET Syariah (FTFSTSH) from January 2015 to August 2021. To avoid analytical bias due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, the data is divided into two periods, January 2015 to December 2019 and January 2020 to August 2021. The contribution of this research is to compare the market efficiency of the weak form of Islamic and conventional stocks over two periods with different methods, namely Variance Ratio Test, Run Test, ARIMA Model, and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). This study shows that Islamic stocks in these countries are more efficient from January 2015 to December 2019. On the other hand, conventional stocks are more efficient from January 2020 to August 2021 (during the COVID-19 Pandemic).  Abstrak Penelitian ini menganalisa dan membandingkan bentuk lemah dari efisiensi pasar saham syariah dan konvensional di negara-negara ASEAN. Data berasal dari BEI Syariah (JKISSI), Bursa Efek Jakarta (JKSE), FTSE Bursa Malaysia EMAS Syariah (FTFBMS), FTSE Malaysia KLCI (KLSE), SET Index (SETI), dan FTSE SET Syariah (FTFSTSH) dari Januari 2015 hingga Agustus 2021. Untuk menghindari bias analisa akibat pandemi COVID-19, data dibagi menjadi dua periode, Januari 2015 hingga Desember 2019 dan Januari 2020 hingga Agustus 2021. Penelitian ini membandingkan bentuk lemah dari efisiensi pasar saham syariah dan konvensional selama dua periode waktu dengan metode berbeda, yaitu Variance Ratio Test, Run Test, Model ARIMA, dan Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Studi menunjukkan bahwa Saham Syariah di negara-negara tersebut lebih efisien pada periode Januari 2015 hingga Desember 2019. Di sisi lain, saham konvensional lebih efisien pada periode Januari 2020 hingga Agustus 2021 (selama pandemi COVID-19). 
Why do Asnaf Entrepreneurs Become Successful? The Role of Intention, Opportunity, and Resources Bahri, Efri Syamsul; Ali, Juhary; Aslam, Mohd Mizan Mohammad
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25142

Abstract

Qardhawi's opinion on the 2009 zakah disbursement model related to the empowerment of productive aṣnāf has encouraged the development of productive zakah in poverty alleviation. This study aims to examine the effect of intentions, opportunities, and resources on successful aṣnāf entrepreneurs. The method used is the mono method, namely quantitative research. Data was obtained through a survey using purposive sampling. Primary data were examined using the PLS-SEM method and the SmartPLS application. This study found that the intention and opportunity factors had a positive and significant effect on the success of aṣnāf entrepreneurs. Meanwhile, resources have a negative impact on the success of aṣnāf entrepreneurs. This is evidence that the zakah resources given to aṣnāf entrepreneurs must be optimized so that they can have a significant impact. This finding provides recommendations to zakah management entities and policy makers to be able to increase the contribution of zakah funds in poverty alleviation through the aṣnāf entrepreneurial program.  AbstrakPendapat Qardhawi tentang model pencairan zakat tahun 2009 terkait pemberdayaan aṣnāf produktif telah mendorong berkembangnya zakat produktif dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh niat, peluang, dan sumber daya terhadap pengusaha aṣnāf yang sukses. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode mono yaitu penelitian kuantitatif. Data diperoleh melalui survei dengan menggunakan purposive sampling. Data primer diperiksa menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dan aplikasi SmartPLS. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa faktor niat dan peluang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keberhasilan wirausaha aṣnāf. Sementara itu, sumber daya berdampak negatif terhadap keberhasilan pengusaha aṣnāf. Hal ini menjadi bukti bahwa sumber daya zakat yang diberikan kepada pengusaha aṣnāf harus dioptimalkan agar mampu memberikan pengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini memberikan rekomendasi kepada entitas pengelola zakat dan pengambil kebijakan agar mampu meningkatkan kontribusi dana zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan melalui program wirausaha aṣnāf. 
Akad Murokab on the DSN-MUI Fatwa and its Effect on Islamic Bank Funding Products Fatah, Dede Abdul; Muchtasib, Ach. Bakhrul; Rahmatullah, Indra; Soydan, Mustafa Zafer
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25620

Abstract

The study determines whether Islamic bank management understands hybrid contracts in the DSN-MUI funding fatwa and its influence on developing funding products in Islamic banks. The type of research used is normative juridical to examine the application of Islamic legal rules both at the methodological level (uṣul fiqh) and fiqh rules and at the product level (fiqh). The primary data of this study comes from the DSN-MUI fatwa and interviews to explore the understanding of Islamic bank management towards hybrid contracts in the DSN-MUI funding fatwa. This study indicates that from eight fatwas on DSN- MUI funding products, only fatwa No. 86 and 87 containing hybrid contracts. There are several theoretical frameworks, standards, and limitations (ḍawābiṭ) that the DSN-MUI has determined. The study also shows that the management of Islamic banks, generally, has understood the theoretical framework, standards and limitations of hybrid contracts on Islamic bank funding products only in textual concept. The textual understanding can increase the portfolio of funding products. This can be evidenced by the increasing portfolio of muḍārabah savings and income smoothing programs at Islamic banks.  Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji apakah manajemen bank syariah memahami kontrak hybrid dalam fatwa pendanaan DSN-MUI dan pengaruhnya terhadap pengembangan produk pendanaan di bank syariah. Metode yuridis normatif digunakan untuk mengkaji penerapan kaidah hukum Islam baik pada tataran metodologis (ushul fiqh) dan kaidah fikih maupun tataran produk (fikih). Data utama penelitian ini bersumber dari fatwa DSN-MUI dan wawancara untuk menggali pemahaman manajemen bank syariah terhadap multi akad pada fatwa pendanaan DSN-MUI. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa dari 8 fatwa produk pendanaan DSN-MUI hanya fatwa No. 86 dan 87 yang terdapat multi akad dengan beberapa kerangka teori, standar, dan batasan-batasan (ḍawābiṭ) yang telah ditentukan oleh DSN-MUI agar tidak terjeurumus pada multi akad yang dilarang. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan bahwa manajemen bank Syariah secara umum sudah memahami kerangka teori, standar dan batasan-batasan multi akad pada produk pendanaan bank Syariah pada konsep tekstual di mana dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan portofolio produk penadanaan. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya portofolio tabungan mudharabah dan program income smoothing di bank Syariah.
Sharia Financial Institutions Compliance Towards Islamic Principles in Performing Intermediation Functions Usman, Mizaj Iskandar
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25632

Abstract

 This study aims to determine the factors of non-compliance with Islamic principles in Islamic Financial Institutions (IFIs). This article argues that IFIs must comply with Islamic principles based on the DSN-MUI fatwa, even though in the Indonesian legal hierarchy, DSN-MUI fatwas are not binding. IFIs show ambiguity in complying with Islamic principles when carrying out their intermediation function. Several other factors also cause IFIs' lack of compliance with sharia principles. These include the lack of applicability of the DSN-MUI fatwas, the conflict of interest of the Sharia Supervisory Board (SSBs), and competency issues among SSBs members. To address these issues, it is necessary to strengthen the regulations that make DSN-MUI an authoritative institution in establishing the sharia principles and the fatwas methodology. Thus, the fatwas are more applicable and avoid ambiguity. Furthermore, SSBs need re-structurization to be independent internal supervisory agencies. AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan mengetahui faktor-faktor ketidakpatuhan lembaga keuangan syariah (LKS) pada prinsip-prinsip Islam. Artikel ini menyebutkan LKS harus mematuhi prinsip-prinsip Islam sesuai fatwa DSN-MUI, walaupun dalam hierarki hukum Indonesia, DSN-MUI bukanlah sebuah lembaga otoritatif yang menerbitkan hukum mengikat. LKS tampak ambigu dalam mematuhi prinsip-prinsip Islam saat menjalankan fungsi intermediasinya. Ketidakpatuhan LKS kepada prinsip-prinsip syariah juga disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor lain, seperti: tidak aplikatifnya fatwa DSN-MUI; munculnya konflik kepentingan DPS; dan masalah kompetensi anggota DPS. Untuk mengatasi masalah-masalah tersebut, perlu adanya perbaikan regulasi yang menjadikan DSN-MUI sebagai lembaga otoritatif, agar fatwa yang dikeluarkan lebih aplikatif dan tidak menimbulkan multi tafsir. Sementara dari sisi DPS, perlu adanya regulasi merestrukturisasi organisasi DPS dengan menepatkannya sebagai lembaga pengawas internal yang independen.
Hybrid Contract in Islamic Financial Services Hasanudin, Hasanudin; Dewi, Nisrina Mutiara; Pertiwi, Gine Putri; Wijayanti, Feby
Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah Vol. 14 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v14i1.25692

Abstract

The hybrid contract is needed to accommodate modern transactions unavailable in the classical Islamic period. The current financial service products use hybrid contracts, such as in debt transfer, import and export letters of credit, and credit cards. The evaluation of the use of contracts in these products reveals the use of multiple alternative contracts in debt transfer and Letters of Credit; and single contract alternative for credit card services. This study shows the complexity of contracts in modern financial products, requiring more complex documentation. The merger of several contracts in one transaction is based on the argument that there is no prohibition on using multiple contracts in one transaction, as long as it avoids usury (ribā).  AbstrakPenggabungan akad merupakan kebutuhan untuk mewadahi transaksi modern yang tidak ditemukan di masa Islam klasik. Bentuk penggabungan akad tersebut terjadi di antaranya pada produk jasa keuangan modern seperti pengalihan utang, Letter of Credit impor dan ekspor, dan kartu kredit. Dengan mengevaluasi penggunaan akad-akad dalam produk tersebut ditemukan beberapa alternatif penggabungan akad pada produk pengalihan hutang dan Letter of Credit, serta satu alternatif penggabungan akad untuk produk kartu kredit. Penggabungan akad tersebut didasarkan atas argumen tidak ada larangan penggabungan akad selama tidak menimbulkan ribā. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kompleksitas akad pada produk keuangan modern yang pada praktiknya membutuhkan dokumentasi yang lebih kompleks.

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