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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICE ON POPULATION OF PEA LEAFMINER (Liriomyza huidobrensis) AND ITS PARASITOIDS IN POTATO Ida Bagus Gde Suryawan; Stephen G. Reyes
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n2.2006.p35-42

Abstract

Pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is the major pest of potato crop in Indonesia. The use of insecticides to control the pest is ineffective and harmful to the natural enemies. The study aimed to find out a promising cultural practice for leafminer management on potato crop. The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bali in 2004. Potato plants (Granola variety) were grown in a raised-bed plot of 10 m x 1 m. The treatments evaluated were standard cultural practice (C), C plus reflective plastic mulch (RPM) (CM), farmer’s practice (F), vermicompost (V), and V plus RPM (VM). All treatments were arranged in RCBD with five replications. From each plot, 10 plant samples were randomly taken to observe the presence of larvae, mines, and adults. Larvae and adults of leafminer and mines were separately counted from the top, middle, and bottom parts of the plant samples. Parasitoids were collected from the infested leaves of the plant samples. Emerged parasitoids were counted and put into vials with 70% ethyl alcohol and then identified. The results showed that the population of adults, larvae of L. huidobrensis, and mines were less in C, CM, V, and VM treatments compared to farmer's practice (F). However, RPM (CM and VM) treatments significantly reduced population of leafminer and mines. The highest population of adults, larvae, and mines on RPM treatment were less than 1.5, 8.5, and 10 per plant, respectively compared to other treatments which were greater than 3.2 for adults, 12.4 for larvae, and 12.7 for mines. Parasitoid population and parasitism level were more in vermicompost treatments (V and VM) compared to other treatments (C, CM, and F). The results showed that application of pesticides was ineffective against leafminer and reduced parasitoid population; in the other hand RPM was effective to control leafminer although the effect on parasitoids was not clear. Parasitoid species that were found associated with potato crop were Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Neochrysocharis sp., and Opius sp. Combination of RPM with standard practice and vermicompost are prospective for leafminer management in potato crop, however, VM is friendlier to environment regarding sustainable agriculture.
THE EFFECT OF RICE CULTIVARS ON METHANE EMISSION FROM IRRIGATED RICE FIELD P. Setyanto; A.B. Rosenani; R. Boer; C.I. Fauziah; M.J. Khanif
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 5, No 1 (2004): April 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v5n1.2004.p20-31

Abstract

Rice plants have been reported to affect methane (CH4) emission from rice fields. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of rice cultivars on CH4 emission from flooded rice and to develop crop management strategies with low emitting rice cultivars while sustaining high yield. The four rice cultivars studied were Memberamo, Cisadane, IR64, and Way Apoburu. The CH4 emissions were determined in the wet season of 2001/2002 (November-February) using an automated closed chamber technique in an irrigated field condition. Farmyard manure at the rate of 5 t ha-1 was given to the plots to ensure carbon was not limited. Root weight, root length, biomass, and number of tillers were determined at 17, 36, and 57 days after transplanting (DAT). The results showed that the mean CH4 emission was highest in the plot planted with Cisadane (94.8 kg CH4 ha-1), and the lowest with IR64 (37.7 kg CH4 ha-1). The plots treated with emberamo and Way Apoburu resulted an intermediate CH4 emission at the average of 61.1 and 58.9 kg CH4 ha-1, respectively. There was no significant difference in yield between the cultivars tested. The yield of Memberamo, Cisadane, IR64, and Way Apoburu were 5.882, 5.764, 5.873 and 6.065 t ha-1, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the root weight and root length among cultivars. However, Cisadane gave the highest dry matter weight (222 g hill-1) at 57 DAT compared to the other cultivars (175-190 g hill-1). Plant tillers did not show significant differences between the cultivars. Regression analysis showed that CH4 flux was significantly related with root weight, root length, aboveground biomass, and number of plant tillers. This finding shows that the use of selected cultivars, such as IR64, can potentially lower CH4 emission without scarifying yield.
HIGH LATEX YIELDING AND DISEASE RESISTANCE OF RUBBER CLONES IRR 200 SERIES Aidi- Daslin; Sekar Woelan; Syarifah Aini Pasaribu
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 2 (2012): October 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v13n2.2012.p80-85

Abstract

Rubber clones of Indonesian Rubber Research (IRR) 200 series have been produced from intensive breeding program started in 1985. Some clones showed superior characteristics such as high latex yielding, vigorous, and disease resistant. This study aimed to test their performances in a field trial conducted since 1999 at Sungei Putih Experimental Garden, North Sumatra. The experiment was designed in a randomized block, using twelve IRR clones as treatment and PB 260 clone as control, three replications. Planting distance was 5 m x 4 m and plot size was 10 rows x 50 trees. Observations were made on girth size of the 2, 3 and 4 year-old trees, dry rubber yield following the 1/2S d/2 and 1/2S d/3.ET2.5% tapping systems, bark thickness, rings number and diameter of latex vessels, as well as leaf fall diseases intensities of 3-5 year-old trees. The results showed four IRR 200 clones, i.e. IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 produced high latex. Using the 1/2S d/2 tapping system, three clones with highest dry rubber yield were obtained, namely IRR 208 (49.8 g tree-1 tapping-1 or g t-1 t-1), IRR 211 (48.8 g t-1 t-1) and IRR 220 (52.0 g t-1 t-1), whereas that using the 1/2S d/3. ET2.5% tapping system, their yields were 63.2 g, 64.3 g, and 66.2 g t-1 t-1, respectively. At four year-old, these clones had girth size of 41.4-51.0 cm, girth increment 9.7-11.6 cm year-1, bark thickness 6.3-7.2 mm, latex vessel rings number 6.8-7.0, and diameter of latex vessels 23.75-26.57 mm. All of the clones were moderately resistant to Colletotrichum, Oidium and Corynespora leaf fall diseases. This study suggests that IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211 and IRR 220 rubber clones are suitable for commercial stake holders and the recommended tapping system is 1/2S d/3.ET2.5%.Bahasa IndonesiaKaret klon IRR (Indonesian Rubber Research) seri 200 dihasilkan melalui program pemuliaan yang intensif mulai tahun 1985. Beberapa klon menunjukkan karakteristik unggul sebagai penghasil lateks tinggi, jagur, dan tahan terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja klon pada percobaan lapangan yang dibangun tahun 1999 di Kebun Percobaan Sungei Putih, Sumatera Utara. Percobaan dirancang dalam acak kelompok dengan perlakuan dua belas klon IRR dan kontrol klon PB 260, tiga ulangan. Jarak tanam 5 m x 4 m dan luas plot 10 baris x 50 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap ukuran lilit batang pada umur 2, 3 dan, 4 tahun, hasil karet kering dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2 dan 1/2S d/3.ET2,5%, tebal kulit, jumlah cincin, dan diameter pembuluh lateks. Intensitas serangan penyakit gugur daun diamati pada tanaman berumur 3 dan 5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat klon karet IRR seri 200 yaitu IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 menghasilkan lateks yang tinggi. Dengan sistem sadap 1/2S d/2, tiga klon memiliki hasil karet kering paling tinggi, yaitu IRR 208 (49,8 g pohon-1 sadap-1 atau g p-1 s-1), IRR 211 (48,8 g p-1 s-1), dan IRR 220 (52,0 g p-1 s-1), sedangkan menggunakan sistem sadap 1/2S d/3. ET2,5%, hasil masing-masing klon adalah 63,2 g, 64,3 g, dan 66,2 g p-1 s-1. Pada umur empat tahun, klon-klon ini memiliki ukuran lilit batang 41,4-51,0 cm, pertambahan lilit batang 9,7-11,6 cm tahun-1, ketebalan kulit 6,3-7,2 mm, jumlah cincin pembuluh lateks 6,8-7,0, dan diameter pembuluh lateks 23,75-26,57 mm. Semua klon tahan terhadap penyakit gugur daun Colletotrichum, Oidium, dan Corynespora. Dengan demikian, klon karet IRR 207, IRR 208, IRR 211, dan IRR 220 cocok dikembangkan secara komersial dan sistem sadap yang dianjurkan adalah ½S d/3.ET2,5%.
SENSITIVITY OF PIGMENT CONTENT OF BANANA AND ORCHID TISSUE CULTURE EXPOSED TO EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC FIEL Riry Prihatini; Norihan Mohamad Saleh
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 17, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v17n1.2016.p37-34

Abstract

Natural exposure of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) occurs in the environment and acts as one of the abiotic factors that affect the growth and development of organisms. This study was conducted to determine the effect of ELF-EMF on the tissue cultured banana and slipper orchid chlorophyll content as one of the indicators in measuring plant photosynthetic capacity. Four days old banana (Musa sp. cv. Berangan) corm and seven days old slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum rothschildianum) cultures were exposed to 6 and 12 mT ELF-EMF generated by controllable ELF-EMF built up machine for 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 hours. After exposure, the banana and orchid cultures were incubated at 25° C for 8 and 16 weeks, respectively. The results showed that the ELF-EMF exposure had different effects on banana and slipper orchid cultures though both plant species belong to monocotyledon. The highest increase in chlorophyll content on banana was resulted by the high intensity and long duration of ELF-EMF exposure (12 mT for 4 hours), whereas on slipper orchid the modest and short duration of ELF-EMF exposure produced the most excessive chlorophyll content. Different ELF-EMF exposures (12 mT for 4 hours and 6 mT for 30 minutes) had potential to be applied on each plant to improve in vitro plant (banana and slipper orchid, respectively) growth. The increased chlorophyll and carotene/xanthophyll content on banana indicated that the banana was more tolerant to ELF-EMF exposure compared to slipper orchid. 
ALTERNATIVE TREE CROPS FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE POST-TSUNAMI IN THE COASTAL AREAS OF ACEH BARAT DISTRICT Wahyunto Wahyunto; Sofyan Ritung; Wahyu Wahdini; Fahmuddin Agus
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.p1-11

Abstract

Tree farming such as coconut, cocoa, coffee, rubber, and rambutan was dominant in the west coast of Aceh prior to tsunami. The farming is not only important for sustainable livelihood, but also for superior environmental protection. During the tsunami, considerable portion of this ‘green infrastructure’ was devastated. Therefore, a scientifically based land suitability evaluation is needed for supporting the redesign and  reconstruction of the tree-based farming. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the current physical condition of the area and develop recommendation of land suitability for tree crops farming in the area. Field survey for inventory and evaluation of land characteristics was conducted in 2006, 15 months after the tsunami. Land suitability evaluation was conducted by matching field survey data and soil sample analyses in every mapping unit with crop growth requirements. The land suitability map was further matched with the district development plan, existing land uses and land status. The resulted land use recommendation map showed that the marine ecosystem along the coastal line was most suitable for coconut, cacao, coffee, and casuarinas. The recommended tree crops for the ancient sandy beach were areca nut, coconut, rambutan, mango, rubber and oil palm; and for the alluvial ecosystem were coconut, cacao, areca nut, mango, and bread fruit. Peatland of less than 3 m thick was marginally suitable for oil palm and rubber, while those thicker than 3 m were recommended for conservation due to its fragile ecosystem. In the undulating tectonic plain, the suitable tree crops were rubber, oil palm, coconut, and rambutan.
THE ROLE OF SUBSURFACE FLOW DYNAMIC ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF WATER CHEMISTRY IN A HEADWATER CATCHMENT Tanaka, Tadashi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n1.2007.p17-30

Abstract

Variation of water chemistry does not merely occur due to in situ chemical process, but also transport process. The study was carried out to address the role of subsurface flow dynamic on spatial and temporal variation of water chemistry in a headwater catchment. Hydrometric and hydrochemistry measurements were done in transect with nested piezometers, tensiometers, and suction samplers at different depths across hillslope and riparian zone in a 5.2 ha first-order drainage of the Kawakami experimental basin, Nagano, Central Japan from August 2000 to August 2001. Spatial variation of solute concentration was defined by the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the seasonal observed concentrations. Autocorrelation analysis was performed to define temporal variation of solute concentration. The results showed that spatial variation of water chemistry was mainly influenced by the variation of subsurface flow through the hillslope and riparian zone. Solute concentration in the deep riparian groundwater was almost three times higher than that in the hillslope segment. A prominent downward flow in deep riparian groundwater zone provided transport of solutes to the deeper layer. Time series analysis showed that in the deep riparian groundwater, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and HCO3- concentrations underwent a random process, Na+ concentration of a random process superimposed by a trend process, and SiO2 of a random process superimposed by a periodic process. Near the riparian surface, SO42- concentration was composed of a random process superimposed by a periodic process, whereas other solutes were mainly in a random process. In the hillslope soil water, there was no trend observed for the Na+ concentration, but there were for Ca2+ and Mg2+. The magnitude and direction of subsurface flow across hillslope and riparian zone created transport and deposition processes that changed solute concentration spatially and temporally.
DETERMINATION OF FOLATE RETENTION DURING TOFU PREPARATION USING TRIENZYME TREATMENT AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSAY Erliana Ginting; Jayashree Arcot; Julian M. Chox
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 4, No 1 (2003): April 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v4n1.2003.p12-17

Abstract

Megaloblastic anaemia, neural tube defects, coronary heart disease, and some forms of cancer have been linked to an inadequate dietary intake of folate. Legumes are good sources of folate, however, processing may affect folate availability in legume foods. This study investigated the folate content and retention during the preparation of tofu through the trienzyme treatment (protease, α-amylase, and human plasma) and microbiological assay using Lactobacillus casei. The results showed that the total folate content was considerably reduced during tofu preparation, from 273.4 µg 100 g-1 dwb in soybean seed to 108.4 µg 100 g-1 dwb in tofu, yielding a folate retention of 40%. Folate losses were mainly due to leaching into the water during soaking and pressing as well as heat destruction during milling and boiling. High folate loss (51%) was particularly found in the whey. A shorter soaking time (8 hours), optimum extraction, and pressing methods were suggested with respect to minimizing folate losses during tofu preparation. This study suggests that the consumption of 100 g of deep-fried tofu may satisfy 21% of the recommended dietary intake (RDI).
DIRECT AND INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS ON ARABICA COFFEE (Coffea arabica) Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr. Sri Hartati; Rubiyo Rubiyo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 14, No 2 (2013): October 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v14n2.2013.p79-86

Abstract

Propagation of Coffea arabica L. through direct and indirect somatic embryogenesis technique is promising for producing large number of coffee seedlings. The objectives of the research were to evaluate methods for direct and indirect somatic embryo-genesis induction of C. arabica var. Kartika. The explants were the youngest fully expanded leaves of arabica coffee. The evalu-ated medium was modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with a combination of 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron; or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Both calli (100 mg) and pre-embryos developed from the edge of leaf explants were subcultured into regeneration medium (half strength MS with modified vitamin, supplemented with kinetine 9.30 µM and adenine sulfate 40 mg L-1). The results showed coffee leaf explant cultured on medium containing 2.26 µM 2,4-D + 4.54 or 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induce direct somatic embriogenesis from explant, while that of 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron to induced indirect somatic embrio-genesis. The medium for calli induction from coffee by explants was medium supplemented with 4.52 or 9.04 µM 2,4-D in combination with 9.08 µM thidiazuron. On the other hand, the best medium for activation of induction of somatic embryos was MS medium supplemented with 9.04 µM 2,4-D + 9.08 µM thidiazuron. Based on this results, the first step for developing micropropagation for coffee has been resolved. The subsequent studies will be directed to evaluate agronomic performance of the derived planting materials.
ENHANCING WATER AND FERTILIZER SAVING WITHOUT COMPROMISING RICE YIELD THROUGH INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT I.P. Wardana; A. Gania; S. Abdulrachman; P.S. Bindraban; H. van Keulen
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 11, No 2 (2010): October 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v11n2.2010.p65-73

Abstract

Water and fertilizer scarcity amid the increasing need of rice production challenges today’s agriculture. Integrated crop management (ICM) is a combination of water, crop, and nutrient management that optimizes the synergistic interaction of these components aiming at improving resource use efficiency, i.e. high productivity of water, land, and labor. The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of crop establishment method, organic matter amendment, NPK management, and water management on yield of lowland rice. Five series of experiments were conducted at Sukamandi and Kuningan Experimental Stations, West Java. The first experiment was focused on crop establishment method, i.e. plant spacing and number of seedlings per hill. The second, third, and fourth experiments were directed to study the effect of NPK and organic matter applications on rice yield. The fifth experiments was designed to evaluate the effect of water management on rice yield. Results showed that 20 cm x 20 cm plant spacing resulted in the highest grain yield for the new plant type rice varieties. Organic matter and P fertilizer application did not significantly affect grain yield, but the yield response to P fertilization tended to be stronger with organic matter amendment. Split P application did not significantly increase grain yield. The use of a scale 4 leaf color chart reading resulted in a considerable N fertilizer saving without compromising rice yield. Intermittent irrigation technique saved water up to 55% without affecting yields, resulting in a 2-3 times higher water productivity.
SOIL OF PAMETIKARATA, EAST SUMBA: ITS SUITABILITY AND CONSTRAINTS FOR FOOD CROP DEVELOPMENT B. H. Prasetyo; Hendri Sosiawan; Sofyan Ritung
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 1, No 1 (2000): April 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v1n1.2000.p1-9

Abstract

Pametikarata, Lewa subdistrict, is the priority area for food crop development in East Sumba. To evaluate its suitability and constraints, chemical properties, suitability and fertility capability classification for rice and secondary crops of some potential soils have been studied both in the field and in the laboratory. Seven soil profiles consisted of forty one soil samples were subjected to chemical and mineralogical analyses in the laboratory. The analyses consisted of clay fraction and organic-carbon contents, pH, potential P and K (25% HCI extraction), available P, phosphate retention. Exchangeable cations and cation exchange capacity (NH4OAc 1N, pH 7), and mineralogical composition of the clay fraction. The results indicate that soil acidity varies from acid to neutral Exchangeable cations are dominated by Ca cation and soil CEC ranges from low to very high. Clay mineral composition also varies, some are dominated by montmorillonite, others show mixed mineralogy between montmorillonite and kaolinite, and the rests are dominated by kaolinite with the exception of wet Vertisols, all soils are grouped as marginally suitable (S3) for rice and secondary crops. Nutrient availability and retention are the common limiting factors. Using fertility capability classification (FCC), all soils are grouped as clayey soils with low infiltration and high water holding capacity. The serious constraint for food crop development in this area is uncontrolled grazing that makes a conflict of interests between farming and cattle herding systems. Optimum success of food crop development in the area could be reached by controlling the herding system and improving the existing agricultural system.

Page 26 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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