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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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METHANE EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN CENTRAL JAVA Prihasto Setyanto; Rosenani Abu Bakar
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v6n1.2005.p1-9

Abstract

The concentration of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice fields are one of the sources that contribute to about 10-15% of the atmospheric CH4. One of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emission from rice fields is probably through water management. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of water management practices on CH4 emission from rice field plots on a silty sand Aeric Tropaquept soil at Research Station for Agricultural Environment Preservation, Jakenan, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of March to June 2002. Four water regimes tested were: (1) 5 cm continuous flooding (CF), (2) 0-1 cm continuous flooding (ST), (3) intermittent irrigation (IR) where plots received continuously 5 cm of flooding with two times of draining at 15-20 and 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT), and (4) pulse irrigation (PI) where plots were watered until 5 cm level and left to dry by itself until the water table reached 30 cm beneath soil surface then watered again. The total CH4 emissions of the four water treatments were 254, 185, 136 and 96 kg CH4 ha-1 for CF, ST, IR and PI, respectively. Methane emission increased during the early growing season, which coincided with the low redox potential of -100 to -150 mV in all treatments. Dry matter weight of straw and filled grain among the water treatments did not show significant differences. Likewise, total grain yield at 14% moisture content was not significantly different among treatments. However, this result should be carefully interpreted because the rice plants in all water treatments were infested by stem borer, which reduced the total grain yield of IR64 between 11% and 16%. This study suggests that intermittent and pulse irrigation practices will be important not only for water use efficiency, but also for CH4 emission reduction.
PATHOTYPE PROFILE OF Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ISOLATES FROM THE RICE ECOSYSTEM IN JAVA Suparyono Suparyono; Sudir Sudir; Suprihanto Suprihanto
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 5, No 2 (2004): October 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v5n2.2004.p63-69

Abstract

At present, bacterial leaf blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is highly damaging to rice production in Indonesia as most of the existing commercial rice varieties are susceptible to the existing  pathotypes of the bacteria. To solve  such problems, varietal rotation should be based on information on the existence and dominance of local pathotypes in a particular rice ecosystem. To obtain this information, a total of 117 isolates of X. oryzae pv. oryzae, collected from West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta, were evaluated for their pathotype variation on five differential rice varieties during the dry season of 2000. When disease severity was < 10%, the reaction was classified as resistant (R) and when > 11%, was susceptible (S). The data indicated that 3.42% of the isolates were pathotype III, 12.82% were pathotype IV, and 83.76% were pathotype VIII. In West Java, the bacterial pathotypes III, IV, and VIII were 4.94%, 14.81%, and 80.25%, respectively. In low elevation areas, 4.94%, 9.88%, and 45.68% were pathotypes III, IV, and VIII, respectively and in medium areas, 4.94% were pathotypes IV and 34.57% were pathotype VIII. In Central Java, no pathotype III was found, while pathotypes IV and VIII were as much as 4.52% and 90.48%, respectively. In low elevation areas, no pathotypes III was recovered, and a total of 9.53% and 76.19% were identified as pathotypes IV and VIII, respectively, and in medium areas only pathotype VIII (14.29%) was identified. In Yogyakarta, pathotypes IV and VIII were found. In low elevation areas, 6.67% and 93.33% were pathotypes IV and VIII, respectively and in medium areas, 14.29% and 85.71% were pathotypes IV and VIII, respectively. The data indicated that variation in pathotype composition over different locations was obvious and locally specific resistant varieties to the disease are needed in the management of this important bacterial disease in rice.
POTENCY OF PREDATOR (Menochilus sexmaculatus) AUGMENTATION FOR WHITE FLY (Bemisia tabaci) MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON GEMINI VIRUS INFESTATION ON TOMATO W. Setiawati; N. Gunaeni; T. S. Uhan; A. Hasyim
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 13, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v13n1.2012.p18-26

Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Gen.) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most serious pests on tomato. It is mainly controlled by chemi-cal means, requiring some 25 sprays during the average growing season. The extensive and repeated use of insecticides has dis-rupted the natural balance between this pest and its natural enemies. In this study, Menochilus sexmaculatus F. was evalu-ated as a possible biological control agent of B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The study was conducted at the experimental station of the Indonesian Vegetables Research Institute (IVeGRI) in Lembang, West Java (1,250 m above sea level) from August to December 2008. The experimental plots consisted of 0.35 ha of tomato (± 100 m2 per plot) and spatially separated with four rows of maize (a minimum of 1 m) inter-plot distance to prevent cross-contamination among plots. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized block design with eight treatments and four replications. M. sexmaculatus were released at 24 days after planting. The treatments were designed according dosages and schedules at three released populations (i.e. 10 predators per plot, 20 predators per plot, and 10 predators per plot at vegetative stage followed by 20 predators per plot at generative stage); two places of release (center and edge of the plot); and two schedules of release (weekly and biweekly). Efficacy of the predator was measured in terms of the density of B. tabaci, both before and after release of the predator and its effect on Gemini virus infestation. The result indicated the potential use of M. sexmaculatus to control B. tabaci and its effect on Gemini virus infestation on tomato. Reductions in B. tabaci populations and subsequent tomato yields were significant. B. tabaci population in plots receiving 10 predators showed 73.62% and 75.75% reductions by the end of experiment. The incidence and intensity of Gemini virus were consistently and significantly lowest and tomato yield gain was observed when 10 predators were released at weekly intervals. It is suggested that release of M. sexmaculatus against B. tabaci on tomato may be offered as an alternative solution to increase implementation of biologically-based B. tabaci management.
Front-matter IJAS 180117 Slamet Sutriswanto
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 18, No 1 (2017): June 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v18n1.2017.p%p

Abstract

KINETIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOL-TOLERANT THERMOPHILE Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION Eny Ida Riyanti; Peter L. Rogers
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v10n1.2009.p24-41

Abstract

Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol production using agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials rich in hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantages such as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5) and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to use ethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosic hydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profile of ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbon glucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose and xylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract additionto the media. The experiments were conducted at the School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The University of New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentation at 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled every two hours and analised for their kinetic parameters including the maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s), ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s), and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain was capable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose or xylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there was glucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration (0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was added to the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5 g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extract was added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25 was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grown on a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium. Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose, and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1 g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactate and acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potential application for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes for ethanol production.
EFFECT OF HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT OF SAGO STARCH ON ITS NOODLE QUALITY E .Y. Purwani; Widaningrum Widaningrum; R. Thahir; Muslich Muslich
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v7n1.2006.p8-14

Abstract

Sago starch has potential as source of flour for noodle. However, noodle made of sago starch has only been limitedly utilized due to the absence of gluten and lack of desired functional properties. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) is a promising technique for improving quality of sago noodle. The objectives of the present work were to study the effect of HMT of sago starch on its noodle quality. Four different origins of sago starch, i.e. Tuni, Ihur, Molat, and Pancasan, were treated with HMT method. HMT was performed by exposing the starch to high temperature (110oC for 16 hours) at moisture content of 25%. Sago starch was then processed into noodle. It was prepared by mixing the sago starch with binder (completely gelatinized starch and additive) into dough. The dough was pressed manually through a container with holes in the base. Noodles strains were steamed for 2 minutes and dried at 50oC in a convection drier. As the control, non-HMT sago starch was used and evaluated. Parameters evaluated were starch properties, physical strength, and cooking and sensory quality of the noodles. Analyses of variance was subjected to all parameters. Research results showed that the starch exposed to HMT changed its pasting profile from initial type A before treated to type B after treated. The noodle quality was also improved. Noodles resulted from starch treated with HMT showed higher firmness and elasticity, but they have lower stickiness compared to those of non-HMT. Less cooking loss and rehydration weight were also found, however, HMT increased cooking time of the noodles. HMT on Pancasan sago starch resulted in noodles which were preferred most by panelists. However, consumer testing is recommended to further validate consumers' preferences to the sago starch noodles. The study indicated that sago starch could be potentially used as raw material for noodles to increase the consumption of sago-based food.
IDENTIFICATION AND EVALUATION OF FIBER HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES IN THE EXTRACT OF TERMITES (Glyptotermes montanus) FOR POULTRY FEED APPLICATION Tresnawati Purwadari; Pius P. Ketaren; Arnold P. Sinurat; Irawan Sutikno
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 4, No 2 (2003): October 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v4n2.2003.p40-47

Abstract

Foot rot disease of black pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici had been reported in Batangas and Laguna, Philippines. The plant was recovered following the application of crop residue (organic substrate) and intercropping with other crops. This study was aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the soil mycoflora from the rhizosphere of black pepper grown on various cropping patterns in Batangas and Laguna. Antagonistic activity of mycoflora isolates was tested against P. capsici using dual culture technique. The result showed that 149 colonies of soil mycoflora isolated were belonging to 14 genera; three of them, i.e. Penicillium, Paecilomyces and Aspergillus, were the most dominant. All of the mycoflora isolates were able to inhibit the growth of the pathogen. Eighteen of them were the most promising antagonists, based on their inhibition growth of more than 60%. It is suggested that antagonistic mechanism of Mucor isolate (1001), Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, 181), Gliocladium (109), Cunninghamella (165, 168), Mortierella (177), and Aspergillus (106) was space competitor (competition for nutrient) since they rapidly overgrew the pathogen. Aspergillus (67, 79, 81, 83, 108, and 202) isolates inhibited the pathogen apparently by producing antibiotic, whereas Trichoderma (125, 170, 171, 179, 180, and 181) isolates were able to penetrate the hyphae of the pathogen. The organic matter percentage in the soil was significantly correlated with the number of antagonistic mycoflora in rhizosphere (R2 = 0.1094), but the cropping pattern wPoultry are not able to digest fiber in the diet. Hydrolytic enzymes including cellulases and hemicellulases have been used as poultry feed supplement. Termites (Glyptotermes montanus) have the ability to digest wood that contains high fiber. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the cellulase and hemicellulase of termite extract. The hydrolytic (saccharification) activity of the termite extract on feedstuffs was then evaluated. It contained high endo-β-D-1,4-glucanase (CMCase) activity, but the activities of avicelase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, β- D-1,4-xylanase, and β-D-1,4-glucosidase were very low. The activities of the enzymes were higher in the fresh extract than those extracted after drying at 40oC with blower oven. CMCase (as cellulase), β-D-1,4-mannanase (as hemicellulase), and β-D- 1,4-glucosidase (as glycosidase) were reevaluated further to determine the optimum pH and temperatures for maximum activities. The optimum pH for CMCase, β-D-1,4-mannanase, and β-D-1,4-glucosidase were 6.2, 5.0, and 5.8 respectively, while the optimum temperatures were 45-50oC, 50-55oC, and 42-45oC, respectively. The enzyme mixture or cocktail was more appropriate in digesting feedstuffs with high lignocellulose (fiber) such as rice bran and pollard than feedstuffs with more soluble starch such as soybean and corn meals. The extracted enzyme could be immobilized with pollard, but CMCase recovery was low (28.6%), while β-D-1,4-mannanase and β-D-1,4-glucosidase recoveries were 89.2% and 272.9%, respectively. Termite extract contained enzyme cocktails of lignocellulases that potentially be used as feed supplement. However, its use is limited by its low activity.as negatively correlated. This study suggests that organic matter increased antagonistic mycoflora in black pepper rhizosphere, which will reduce severity of the disease.
EVALUATION OF NATURAL ENEMIES IN CONTROLLING OF THE BANANA WEEVIL BORER Cosmopolites sordidus Germar IN WEST SUMATRA Ahsol Hasyim; Azwana Azwana; Syafril Syafril
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 2 (2009): October 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v10n2.2009.p43-53

Abstract

The banana weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus Germar, is an important pest of highland banana and plantain in Africa, but it exists in low densities in presumed area of origin in Southeast Asia such as in Indonesia. This suggests a possible existence of effective co-evolved natural enemies in the origin area of Indonesia, especially West Sumatra. The objectives of this study were: (1) to evaluate banana weevil pest status at selected sites in West Sumatra, (2) to survey parasitoids and predators, and (3) to determine the control potential of the most important natural enemies. Surveys were undertaken in March 2002-August 2003 in five locations in West Sumatra, i.e., Bukittinggi, Sitiung, Pariaman, Pasaman, and Batusangkar. Five farms per site were selected randomly among all farms that contained banana stands of > 0.5 ha. Sampling for banana weevil adults and damage, and for predators was done throughout small banana stands and within a 20 m x 40 m (0.08 ha) subplot on larger farms. Field-collected larvae were taken to the laboratory and reared on corm pieces (3 cm x 3 cm x 3 cm) until pupation. Larvae were collected from pseudostem as well as corm residues. To estimate the abundance of non-social predators, i.e., those other than ants, 10 residues each on each farm were examined from plants that had been harvested 1-4 weeks, 5-8 weeks or 9 or more weeks before our visit to the site. Samples of the different morphospecies were saved in alcohol for later identification. The result showed that the banana weevil incidence was found to be low,  0.6-1.7 adults per trap. Plant damage indices were below 2.2%. We collected and reared 24,360 eggs and 3118 larvae, but no parasitism was detected. Phorids (Megaselia sp.) and drosophilids were recovered from larval rearings, but most likely were scavengers. A complex of predators was detected, the most important of which was the histerid beetles,  Plaesius javanus Erichson. In laboratory tests, adults and larvae of P.  javanus attacked 75-88% and 38-53% of banana weevil larvae and pupae, respectively. Predatory ants, including species of Myrmicinae, Ponerinae, Formicinae, and Dolichoderinae, were found to be associated with banana plants and residues. Adults of Myopopone castanea Smith (Ponerinae) were directly observed attacking banana weevil larvae in crop residues. The adult banana weevil mortalities caused by the entomopathogen fungi of Beauveria bassiana from Baso, Sungaitarab, Sei Sariek, and Sikabau at highest density (3.2 x 108 spores ml-1) after two weeks were 96.67%, 90.00%, 60.00% and 83.33%, respectively. The high diversity of habitat conditions in which crop-pest-natural enemies systems exist, support the idea that banana weevil population and damage intensity in the study area is low due to active role of natural enemies.
PERFORMANCE OF POTATOES GROWN FROM TRUE SEED UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN WEST JAVA Nikardi Gunadi; Paul M. Harris
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 1, No 2 (2000): October 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v1n2.2000.p29-38

Abstract

True potato seed (TPS) has been considered as an alternative planting material of seed tuber in potato production, especially in developing countries where good quality of seed tuber at reasonable price is difficult to obtain. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of environment and genotype on potatoes grown from TPS in contrasting seasons and sites in West Java, Indonesia over a period of two years (September 1990-October 1992). Different method of establishing the potato crop from TPS were tested and compared with  ev. Granola established from seed tubers. Data were interpreted in terms of relationships between total and tuber dry matter yield and intercepted radiation (IR). The growth and yield of potatoes grown from TPS were generally better at higher rather than lower altitudes, probably related to the lower temperatures which was reflected in an increase in IR and in the efficiency of conversion of IR into total and tuber dry matter. In the highland, seedling transplants and seedling tubers were both suitable for establishing crops from TPS in the wet season, but not in the dry season. All progenies, in general performed well at the highland especially the medium-late maturing progenies such as HPS 7/13. Atlantic x LT-7 initiated tubers and matured more rapidly than the other progenies and performed well at the lower altitudes. Atzimba x DTO-28 had a more gradual decline in ground cover and was more resistant to late blight than other early-medium maturing progenies. The medium-late maturing progeny. Atzimba x R-128.6 matured later and performed poorly at the lower altitudes.
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS I. Roostika; R. Purnamaningsih; I. Darwati; I. Mariska
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/ijas.v8n2.2007.p60-66

Abstract

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangered plant which has various medicinal properties such as aphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvested from its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regeneration of pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied, but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant). The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration technique of pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research was conducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjan was induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver and Kuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combined with picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogenic calli were then transferred into embryo development medium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred into media containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm. Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/ NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dry weight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, and total number of embryos. The result showed that calli of pruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves. The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKW medium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram. Embryo development of the calli was best if they were first grown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The total number of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on the medium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated that pruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required three different media, i.e. for callus induction, development and maturation, and for germination.

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