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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 24 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012" : 24 Documents clear
Optimasi Jarak Tanam dan Dosis Pupuk NPK untuk Produksi Bawang Merah dari Benih Umbi Mini di Dataran Tinggi Sumarni, N; Rosliani, R; Suwandi, -
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Benih umbi mini bawang merah (shallots set) adalah benih umbi berukuran kecil (<3 g/umbi) yang dihasilkan dari biji botani bawang merah (True Shallot Seeds). Penggunaan benih umbi mini belum umum dilakukan pada budidaya bawang merah di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jarak tanam dan dosis pemupukan NPK untuk produksi umbi bawang merah dari benih umbi mini di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang (1.250 m dpl.) dengan jenis tanah Andisol, dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2009. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan 12 perlakuan, yaitu tiga taraf jarak tanam (5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, dan 15 x 20 cm), yang dikombinasikan dengan empat taraf dosis pupuk NPK (½ ; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 dosis NPK standar), dan satu perlakuan kontrol yang menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (5 g/umbi) dengan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan 1,0 dosis pupuk NPK standar. Dosis NPK standar ialah N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha. Benih umbi mini dan benih umbi konvensional yang digunakan ialah varietas Bima Brebes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah tanaman yang berumbi (dapat dipanen) paling banyak (39,10%) terdapat pada perlakuan jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dan dosis pupuk NPK yang rendah (N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, dan K2O 60 kg/ha) menggunakan benih umbi mini dibanding perlakuan yang lain (14,66–33,22%). Perlakuan tersebut juga berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan perlakuan menggunakan benih umbi konvensional (24,99%). Jarak tanam 15 x 20 cm dengan dosis N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, dan K2O 120 kg/ha merupakan jarak tanam dan dosis pupuk NPK optimal untuk produksi umbi bawang merah asal benih umbi mini, yang menghasilkan bobot umbi kering eskip sebesar 35,48 g/tanaman. Penggunaan benih umbi mini dapat meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas hasil umbi bawang merah, serta mengurangi (tonase) penggunaan benih umbi per satuan luas.  ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, and Suwandi 2012. Optimization of Plant Distance and NPK Dosage to Produce Shallots from Shallots Set in Highland. Shallots set is small seed bulb derived from true shallot seeds (TSS).  Using of the shallots set in shallots production is not common yet in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to find out the optimum plant distance in combination with NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute, Lembang (1,250 m asl.) on Andisol soil, from August to December 2009. A randomized complete block design with three replications was applied in the study. There were 12 treatments, viz. three levels of plant distance of 5 x 20 cm, 10 x 20 cm, and 15 x 20 cm that were combined with the application of four levels of standard dosage of NPK, viz. 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; and 2.0 NPK standard dosage, and one treatment as a control using bulb (5 g/set) with 15 x 20 cm planting distance,  and a NPK standard fertilization (N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha). Bima Brebes cultivar was used as a planting material source for developing TSS, mini bulbs, and bulbs as generally applied in conventional cultivation.  Research results revealed that the highest number of bulbed-plant harvested in the experiment 39.10% was recorded on shallots set cultivated using plant distance of 15 x 20 cm and NPK dosage of N 95 kg/ha, P2O5 46 kg/ha, and K2O 60 kg/ha compared to other treatments (14.66–33.22%). The treatment also gave higher results compared to conventional cultivation using bulbs (24.99%). The optimum plant distance and NPK dosage to produce shallots bulb from shallots set in highland was 15 x 20 cm and N 190 kg/ha, P2O5 92 kg/ha, and K2O 120 kg/ha that resulted in 35.48 g dry weight of shallots bulb per plant. The application of shallots set could increase the quantity and quality of shallots yield, and reduced quantity of bulbs needed per hectare.
Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Tanaman Pisang di Provinsi NAD: Sebaran dan Identifikasi Isolat Berdasarkan Analisis Vegetative Compatibility Group -, Edison; -, Riska; Hermanto, Catur
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticultural Research and Development

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ABSTRAK. Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan penyakit paling berbahaya pada tanaman pisang. Untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian yang tepat, maka informasi tentang distribusi dan karakter biologi patogen tersebut perlu diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi penyakit layu Fusarium di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) dan varietas pisang yang diserangnya serta mengidentifikasi isolat  Foc berdasarkan analisis vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Survei dan pengumpulan sampel tanaman pisang terserang penyakit dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2007 dan Juli 2008. Isolasi dan pemurnian isolat dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah (Balitbu) Tropika Solok pada bulan Februari 2007 dan Agustus 2008. Analisis VCG dilakukan di Departement of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia dan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika sejak bulan Juli 2007 sampai bulan Juli 2009. Tester VCG berjumlah 17 nomor yang berasal dari Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit layu Fusarium ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan di Provinsi NAD pada empat varietas pisang, yaitu Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), dan Siem (ABB). Dari 50 isolat Foc yang dikoleksi terkelompok ke dalam dua VCG, 37 isolat (74%) termasuk dalam VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4), ditemukan pada tiga varietas (Barangan, Kepok, dan Raja), sembilan isolat masuk VCG 01218 (Ras 1) ditemukan hanya pada varietas Siem, sedangkan VCG empat isolat yang menyerang pisang varietas Siem belum ditemukan. Foc VCGs 01213/16 (TR4) paling dominan ditemukan di Provinsi NAD, baik dari jumlah, sebaran lokasi, maupun ragam varietas yang diserangnya. Data ini menginformasikan bahwa pengembangan tanaman pisang di Provinsi NAD harus dilakukan secara selektif serta mempertimbangkan langkah-langkah preventif dan pengendalian yang tepat.ABSTRACT. Jumjunidang, Edison, Riska, and Hermanto, C 2012. Fusarium Wilt Disease on Banana in NAD Province: Distribution and Identification of Isolates through Vegetative Compatibility Group Analysis. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most dangerous pathogen on banana. Knowledge of the distribution and biological characters of the pathogen is very important to arrange an effective control technique. The objectives of this study were to reveal distribution of Fusarium wilt disease in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province and infected banana varieties as well as to identify of Foc isolates with vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis Survey and collection of samples of infected banana plants in NAD Province were carried out in January 2007 and July 2008. Isolation and purification of the isolates with single spore techniques were done at Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok in February 2007 and August 2008. Vegetative compatibility group analysis was performed at Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia and Plant Protection Laboratory of ITFRI from July 2007 to July 2009. Seventeen VCG testers were originated from Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. The results showed that Fusarium wilt disease was found in all surveyed locations in NAD Province on four banana varieties, i.e. Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), and Siem (ABB). Fifty isolates of the pathogen Foc have been collected and grouped into two VCGs, 37 isolates (74%) were grouped into VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4) attacking three varieties (Barangan, Kepok, and Raja), nine isolates were clustered into VCG 01218 (Race 1) attacking Siem variety only, and the other four isolates from Siem variety had not been identified yet.  Foc VCG 01213/16 (TR4) was very dominant in NAD Province, in terms of numbers, location, and distribution of attacked varieties. These findings inform that the development of banana plants in the NAD province should be done selectively and consider both preventive measures and appropriate controls.
Trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) pada Bunga dan Buah Manggis Serta Hubungannya dengan Kejadian Burik -, Fardedi; Maryana, N; Manuwoto, S; Poerwanto, R
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p120-129

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Burik merupakan salah satu penyebab rendahnya mutu buah manggis di Indonesia. Saat ini informasi tentang kejadian burik pada buah manggis di Indonesia baik penyebab maupun pengelolaannya  masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mempelajari burik buah, dinamika populasi trips, dan hubungan populasi trips dengan kejadian burik pada buah manggis. Penelitian tentang asosiasi serangga trips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) dengan bunga dan buah serta hubungannya dengan kejadian burik pada buah manggis dilaksanakan di Desa Cengal, Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat dari bulan Mei 2009 sampai dengan Agustus 2010. Pengamatan laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Biosistematika Serangga dan Laboratorium Anatomi Tumbuhan, Institut  Pertanian  Bogor.  Bagian tanaman yang diamati ialah daun muda, kuncup, bunga mekar sempurna, dan buah umur 1–16 minggu setelah antesis (MSA).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan burik hanya merusak lapisan kutikula dan eksokarp buah manggis. Scirtothrips dorsalis dan Thrips hawaiiensis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) ditemukan pada daun muda, kuncup, bunga, dan buah manggis. Populasi imago S. dorsalis dan T. hawaiiensis tertinggi ialah 1,15 dan 0,95 indiividu/bunga mekar sempurna, populasi larva tertinggi ditemui pada buah berumur 2 MSA yaitu 8,75 individu. Populasi trips semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya umur buah manggis. Gejala burik paling banyak  muncul pada buah umur 2 dan 3 MSA. Terdapat korelasi antara kepadatan populasi trips pada buah umur 2 dan 3 MSA dengan kejadian burik pada buah manggis. Kepadatan trips sebanyak 10,6 inidividu dapat menimbulkan gejala burik pada buah manggis umur 2 MSA. Karena populasi trips dan gejala burik muncul pada awal pertumbuhan buah, tindakan preventif dengan insektisida dapat dilakukan sebelum tanaman manggis memasuki periode berbunga.ABSTRACT. Fardedi, Maryana, N, Manuwoto, S and Poerwanto, R 2012. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Flower and Fruit of Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) and the Correlation to Fruit Scars. Scars on mangosteen decreases the quality of this fruit economically. At the moment, information about management and causal factor of the scars on mangosteen in Indonesia are very limited. The aims of this research were to investigate the fruit scars, the population dynamic of thrips, and the correlation to the fruit scars. The association between thrips and mangosteen flowers and fruits as well as the correlation between thrips population to the fruit scars was investigated. The research was conducted at Cengal Village, Bogor District, West Java from May 2009 to August 2010. Laboratory investigation was carried out in Insect Biosystematics Laboratory and Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Bogor Agricultural University. Parts of plant observed were the shoot, flower bud, opened-flower, and fruit of 1 - 16 weeks after anthesis (WAA). The scars occurred in fruit cuticle and exocarp. There were two species of thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis and Thrips hawaiiensis, that were found at flower bud, opened- flower, and fruit. The highest larva population of S. dorsalis  and T. hawaiiensis imago were 1.15 and 0.95 each flowers, the highest larva population was on 2 WAA fruits (8.75). The population of adults for both species was high in opened-flower. The population of larva was also high on fruit 2 WAA. The population of thrips decreased along with fruit growth. Scars occurred on fruit 2 and 3 WAA. There was a correlation between the abundance of thrips on fruit 2–3 WAA and scars at mangosteen fruits. Trips density 10.6 could cause scars on 2 WAA fruits. Thrips population and the symptoms of scars occurred on the early growth of fruits, therefore to control the trips using insecticide was suggested to be applied before flowering stage.
Hubungan antara Tingkat Konsentrasi Inokulum Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense VCG 01213/16 dengan Perkembangan Penyakit Layu pada Kultivar Pisang Rentan - Riska; - Jumjumidang; Catur Hermanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p156-164

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Peran konsentrasi inokulum awal patogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) terhadap insidensi penyakit layu pada pisang perlu diteliti, mengingat patogen ini persisten di dalam tanah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi inokulum Foc VCG 01213/16 dengan laju perkembangan penyakit layu pada pisang. Bahan yang digunakan ialah kultivar pisang rentan (Kilita). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika pada bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2009. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, perlakuan terdiri atas lima taraf konsentrasi inokulum Foc yaitu 0; 102; 104; 106; dan 108 sel konidia/ml dengan lima ulangan, masing-masing plot berisi lima tanaman. Analisis regresi dan korelasi digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsentrasi inokulum dengan perkembangan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua taraf konsentrasi inokulum Foc VCG 01213/16 dapat menyebabkan 100% tanaman terserang. Perbedaan konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap masa inkubasi, intensitas, dan perkembangan penyakit pada pisang Kilita. Makin tinggi konsentrasi inokulum, maka makin cepat masa inkubasi penyakit serta makin tinggi intensitas dan perkembangan penyakit. Terdapat korelasi positif antara konsentrasi inokulum dengan intensitas penyakit pada daun dan bonggol pisang dan korelasi negatif antara masa inkubasi dengan intensitas penyakit pada daun dan bonggol pisang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat direkomendasikan bahwa pengendalian Foc harus diarahkan pada upaya penurunan konsentrasi inokulum awal di dalam tanah sampai pada tingkat serendah mungkin.ABSTRACT. Riska, Jumjunidang, and Hermanto, C 2012. Relation between Concentration Level of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense VCG 01213/16 and the Disease Development on Susceptible Banana. Initial inoculum of pathogen is the most important factor to be observed, due to persistent of F. oxysporum f.sp.cubense (Foc) in the soil. The research was aimed to ascertain the relation between concentration levels of Foc VCG 01213/16 and the disease development on susceptible banana. This research was conducted at the Indonesian Tropical Fruits Research Institute from May to September 2009. Kilita as banana variety wich susceptible to Foc was used in the study as plant material. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with five concentrations of inoculum i.e. 0; 102; 104; 106; and 108 conidia/ml and five replications. Regression analysis was performed to determine the relation between concentration levels of Foc VCG 01213/16 and the disease development on susceptible banana. The results showed that there was no significant difference observed among the concentration levels of Foc inoculums on the percentage of wilted plants.  All the concentrations caused 100% of Kilita bananas to be wilt. The inoculum concentrations of Foc VCG 01213/16 significantly affected incubation period, the disease intensity on leaves and corm and disease development on Kilita. The higher concentration of Foc inoculums, the shorter disease development and incubation period occurred, the higher levels of disease intensity observed. There was a positive correlation between the inocolum concentration and the disease intensity and a negative correlation between the incubation period and the disease intensity on banana leaves and corms of the banana. The result of study, it could be recommended that decreasing initial inoculums of Foc in the soil is important to be done to control the disease severity in the field.
Pendugaan Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis pada Enam Genotipe Cabai Menggunakan Analisis Silang Dialel Penuh Abdulah Bin Arif; Sri Sujiprihati; Muhamad Syukur
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p103-110

Abstract

ABSTRAK Produktivitas cabai di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih rendah. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas cabai yaitu melalui program pemuliaan tanaman. Terdapat beberapa rancangan persilangan untuk memilih tetua dalam rangka menghasilkan varietas unggul baru, di antaranya rancangan silang dialel. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memperoleh informasi heterosis dan heterobeltiosis dari persilangan enam tetua cabai serta mendapatkan calon hibrida cabai yang unggul. Penelitian dilakukan pada November 2008-Mei 2009 di Kebun Percobaan Lwikopo IPB. Materi genetik yang digunakan ialah enam tetua cabai (IPB C2, IPB C9, IPB C10, IPB C14, IPB C15 dan IPB C20) serta turunan pertama dari persilangan enam tetua tersebut. Rancangan persilangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan silang dialel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada populasi F1 hasil dari persilangan IPB C2 x IPB C10 dan IPB 10 x IPB C2 mempunyai nilai tinggi dikotomous yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan hibrida lainnya. Pada populasi F1 hasil persilangan IPB C2 x IPB C14 dan IPB C14 x IPB C2 mempunyai bobot per buah yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan hibrida lainnya. Nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis pada populasi F1 hasil dari persilangan IPB C2 x IPB C10, IPB C2 x IPB C14, IPB C2 x IPB C20, IPB C10 x IPB C2 dan IPB C14 x IPB C2 bernilai positif pada karakter tinggi dikotomous. Nilai heterosis dan heterobeltiosis pada populasi F1 hasil dari persilangan IPB C2 x IPB C14 dan IPB C14 x IPB C2 bernilai positif pada karakter bobot per buah. Calon hibrida yang sesuai dalam program pemuliaan cabai untuk pembentukan varietas unggul ialah populasi F1 hasil dari persilangan IPB C2 x IPB C14 dan IPB C14 x IPB C2.ABSTRACT Abdullah Bin Arif, S. Sujiprihati and M. Syukur. Estimated of Heterosis and Heterobeltiosis in Six Genotypes of Chilli Using Full Diallel Crosses Analysis. Until now productivity of chili in Indonesia is still low. One effort to increase productivity of chilli is by breeding program. There are several cross designs to choose inbred lines to produce new varieties superior, including the design of cross dialel. The aims of this research were to obtain information heterosis and heterobeltiosis from hybrid of six inbred line combination and to gain candidate of hybrids superior. The research was conducted in November 2008-May 2009 at the Garden Experiments Lwikopo IPB. Genetic material used are six inbred lines of chili (IPB C2, IPB C9, IPB C10, IPB C14, IPB C15 and IPB C20) and F1 of the hybridization of combination six inbred lines. The crossing design used was diallel cross. The results showed that population of F1 resulted from crossing of IPB C2 x IPB C10 and IPB 10 x IPB C2 had high dicotomous that was relatively higher than those of other hybrids. The population of F1 obtained from crossing IPB C2 x IPB C14 and IPB C14 x IPB C2 had weight per fruit that was relatively higher than those of other hybrids. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis values in F1 of IPB C2 x IPB C10, IPB C2 x IPB C14, IPB C2 x IPB C20, IPB C10 x IPB C2 and IPB C14 x IPB C2 were positive on high dicotomous character. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis values in F1 IPB C2 x IPB C14 and IPB C14 x IPB C2 were positive on weight per fruit character. The population of F1 that were appropriate used in breeding program to make superior variety were hybrids of IPB C2 x IPB C14 and IPB C14 x IPB C2.
Penentuan Metode Terbaik Uji Fosfor untuk Tanaman Tomat pada Tanah Inceptisols L Izhar; A D Susila; B S Puswoko; A Sutandi; I W Mangku
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p139-147

Abstract

ABSTRAK.  Fosfor merupakan salah satu hara penting tanah dan aplikasi hara tersebut pada konsentrasi yang sesuai sangat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan tomat. Penelitian tentang studi analisis fosfor tanah dan aplikasi pupuk fosfor pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan dan Rumah Kaca di Cikabayan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Maret sampai dengan November 2010. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan  metode  ekstraksi  fosfor tanah yang terbaik guna menentukan dosis pupuk fosfor pada budidaya tomat  pada tanah Inceptisols. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan perlakuan pemberian pupuk fosfor pada beberapa tingkat dosis yaitu  0X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, dan 1X, di mana nilai X ialah 368,5 kg/ha P2O5 dengan empat ulangan. Perlakuan pemupukan fosfor diterapkan pada 6 bulan sebelum penanaman tomat. Analisis korelasi dilakukan antara kandungan P tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman yang ditanam di dalam rumah kaca menggunakan media inkubasi berasal dari tanah yang diberi perlakuan dan dianalisis. Uji  fosfor  tanah menggunakan lima metode ekstraksi, yaitu metode Bray I (NH4F 0,03 N + HCl 0,025 N, nisbah 1:7); Bray II (NH4F 0,03 N + HCl 0,10 N ); Mehlich I (HCl 0,05 N + H2SO4 0,025 N); Morgan Wolf (NaC2H2H3O2.3H2O; pH 4,8); dan Truogh [HCl 0,10 N + (NH4)2SO4; pH 3]. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata antara pengaruh perlakuan pupuk P terhadap parameter  tinggi tanaman,  jumlah daun, dan diameter batang tomat. Bobot segar biomassa dan bobot kering tomat juga menunjukkan  perbedaan pengaruh yang signifikan antarperlakuan. Nilai korelasi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh metode pengekstrak Mehlich I melalui parameter bobot kering dan bobot basah relatif tanaman. Dengan demikian, metode uji P tanah yang menggunakan Mehlich I dapat digunakan sebagai metode ekstraksi yang paling tepat untuk menganalisis unsur hara fosfor dengan koefisien korelasi 0,88, sehingga metode Mehlich I dapat diusulkan sebagai rekomendasi pemupukan P pada budidaya tomat pada tanah Inceptisols (nilai r = 0,89).  ABSTRACT. Izhar, L, Susila, AD, Purwoko, BS, Sutandi, A,  and  Mangku, IW. 2012. Determination of the Best Method of Soil P Test for Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. L) on Inceptisols Soil. Phosphorus is one of important soil elements and application of the element in suitable concentration give high effect on tomato growth. A study on phosphorus analysis and its application for recommendation of soil fertilization of tomato cultivation on Inceptisols soil was conducted at the field and Greenhouse of Cikabayan, Bogor Agricultural University, from March to November 2010. The objective of this research was to obtain the best extraction method of soil-P test for determining phosphorus nutrient required for tomato cultivation on Inceptisol soil. Rate of phosphorus of 0X, ¼ X, ½ X, ¾ X, and 1X, where X was 368.5 kg/ha P2O5 with four replications, was applied in the study. The treatments were applied 6 months before planting date. The research was arranged in randomized complete block design. Analysis of correlation between soil-P and plant growth based on data collected from the plants grown in the greenhouse using incubation media in treated-soil was  analyzed. Soil-P test was carried out by using five extraction methods i.e. Bray I (HCl 0,025 N + NH4F 0.03), Bray II (NH4F 0.03 N + HCl 0.10 N), Mehlich I (HCl 0.05 N + H2SO4 0.025 N), Morgan Wolf (NaC2H2H3O2.3H2O; pH 4.8), and Truogh [HCl 0.10 N + (NH4)2SO4; pH 3]. The results showed that there were significant differences among the treatments of P fertilizer on the variables of plant height, leaf number, and stem diameter of tomato. Biomass fresh and dry weight of tomato also showed significantly different between the treatments applied. The highest correlation was shown on Mehlich I extraction reagent between plant dry and fresh weight. It means that, this P-nutrient extraction method was the most appropriate in determining phosphorus nutrient for tomatoes on Inceptisols soil with a coefficient correlation of 0.88. Mehlich I can also be used to develop a comprehensive phosphorus fertilizer recommendation for tomato cultivation on Inceptisols soil (r value = 0.89).
Respons Tanaman Bawang Merah terhadap Pemupukan Fosfat pada Beberapa Tingkat Kesuburan Lahan (Status P-Tanah) N Sumarni; R Rosliani; R S Basuki; Yusdar Hilman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p130-138

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pemupukan sebaiknya didasarkan pada kebutuhan tanaman akan unsur hara dan kandungan hara dalam tanah, agar diperoleh hasil yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mendapatkan dosis optimal pupuk P pada dua varietas bawang merah pada beberapa tingkat kesuburan tanah (status P-tanah). Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran Lembang, dari bulan Mei sampai dengan Desember 2008. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah split-split plot design dengan tiga ulangan. Petak utama ialah varietas bawang merah, terdiri atas varietas Bangkok dan Kuning. Anak petak ialah kandungan/status P-tanah (Bray 1), terdiri atas rendah (<15 ppm P2O5), sedang (16–25 ppm P2O5), dan tinggi (>26 ppm P2O5). Anak-anak petak ialah dosis pupuk P (P2O5), terdiri atas 0, 60, 120, 180, dan 240 kg/ha. Pupuk N dan K diberikan sebagai pupuk dasar dengan dosis N 150 kg/ha dan K2O 150 kg/ha. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara varietas, status P-tanah, dan dosis pupuk P terhadap luas daun, bobot umbi segar, dan bobot umbi kering eskip per tanaman, serta serapan P tanaman bawang merah. Pada status P-tanah rendah dan sedang, dosis optimal pupuk P untuk varietas Bangkok dan Kuning masih belum diketahui, karena kurva respons hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip masih linier. Pada status P-tanah tinggi, hubungan antara dosis pupuk P dan hasil umbi kering eskip varietas Bangkok ataupun Kuning bersifat kuadratik. Hasil umbi kering eskip maksimal diperoleh dengan dosis pupuk P sebesar 126,50 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Bangkok dan 0 kg/ha P2O5 untuk varietas Kuning. Makin tinggi dosis pupuk P yang diberikan, maka makin tinggi pula residu pupuk P terdeteksi dalam tanah. Implikasi hasil penelitian ialah kebutuhan  pupuk P yang optimal pada bawang merah berbeda bergantung pada status P-tanah dan varietas yang digunakan.ABSTRACT. Sumarni, N, Rosliani, R, Basuki, RS,  and Hilman, Y 2012. Response of Shallots Plant to Phosphat Fertilization on Several Soil Fertility Levels (Soil-P Status). To achieve an optimum yield, fertilization should be applied based on plant nutrient requirement and soil nutrient content. This experiment was carried out at Screenhouse of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute from May to December 2008, to find out the optimum dosage of P fertilizer for two shallots varieties on several soil fertility levels (soil-P status). A split-split plot design with three replications was set up for this experiment. Main plots were shallots varieties i.e.: Bangkok and Kuning. Subplots were three soil-P statuses i.e.: low (<15 ppm P2O5), medium (16–25 ppm P2O5), and high (>26 ppm P2O5). Sub-subplots were five levels of P fertilizer dosage of 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg/ha P2O5. Nitrogen fertilizer of 150 kg/ha and K fertilizer (K2O) of 150 kg/ha were applied to all. The results showed that there were interaction effect among varieties, soil-P status, and P fertilizer dosages influencing leaf area, fresh, and dry weight of bulb yield, and P uptake by shallots plant. The optimal dosage of P fertilizer for Bangkok and Kuning varieties on low and medium of soil-P status was still unknown yet, since the relation response curve of relationship between P fertilizer dosages and dry bulb yield was still linear. Meanwhile, in high of soil-P status, the response curve was quadratic for both Bangkok and Kuning varieties. The maximum dry bulb yield was obtained by 126.50 kg/ha P2O5 for Bangkok and 0 kg/ha P2O5 for Kuning. The higher of P fertilizer dosage applied, the higher of residual of P fertilizer detected in soil. The optimum dosage of P fertilizer for shallots production was different depend on variety and soil-P status.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Oksigen dan Karbondioksida Dalam Kemasan Terhadap Daya Simpan Buah Mangga Gedong Dwi Amiarsi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p197-204

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Pengembangan buah di Indonesia termasuk yang di prioritaskan, namun kesegaran buah tidak dapat bertahan lama. Untuk memperpanjang ketahanan simpannya perlu diberi perlakuan dengan konsentrasi oksigen dan karbondioksida dalam kemasan. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Juni sampai bulan November 2007. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan suhu penyimpanan dengan komposisi gas O2 dan CO2 yang tepat dalam pengemasan agar dapat mempertahankan mutu dan memperpanjang daya simpan buah mangga Gedong. Buah mangga dikemas dalam kantong plastik PE tebal 0,04 mm. Perlakuan komposisi gas yang dicoba terdiri dari 5,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; 2,5% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; 1,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; Udara normal (21,0% O2 + 0,03% CO2), dan Udara terbuka serta suhu penyimpanan adalah 15oC dan 27-30oC. Penelitian disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dalam pola Faktorial dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi gas 5,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2 pada penyimpanan suhu 15oC setelah 21 hari penyimpanan memberikan mutu terbaik dengan kandungan Padatan Total Terlarut 11,56oBrix, pH 4,09, vitamin C 29,44 mg/100g, dan kadar air 87,20% serta persentase busuk buah 13,47%. Penerapan teknik hasil penelitian ini dapat menguntungkan pengguna karena waktu untuk distribusi diperpanjang.ABSTRACT. The effect of gas composition of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the packages on Gedong mango fruit self life. In Indonesia the development of fruit is priority. The self life of mango fruits is short. For prolonging the self life of mango fruits necessary to three gas compositions of oxygen and carbon dioxide treatment followed in the packages. The experiment was conducted from June to November 2007. The aim of the study was to determine both of the proper initial gas composition (CO2:O2) at the best storage temperature for conservation and extention of storage life. The mango fruits were packed in polyethylene bags (0.04 mm) and various initial compositions of O2 and CO2 with two levels of storage temperature. The gas compositions were 5,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; 2,5% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; 1,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2; Normal air (21,0% O2 + 0,03% CO2), and Untreated, and the storage temperature at 15oC and 27-30oC. This experiments was arranged in factorial and Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The results showed that either application of initial gas concentration were 5,0% O2 + 5,0-5,8% CO2 at 15oC after 21 day storage was able to maintain the best quality mango fruit days with total soluble solid 11,56oBrix, pH 4,09, ascorbic acid content of 29,44 mg/100g, moisture content 87,20%, rotten 13,47%. Applying this resulting technique will benefit to user due to lengthen of the distribution time.
Pengujian Ketahanan Klon-klon Hasil Silangan Tanaman Kentang Transgenik dengan Nontransgenik terhadap Penyakit Hawar Daun Phytophthora infestans di Lapangan Uji Terbatas Alberta Dinar Ambarwati; Muhamad Herman; Edi Lisanto; Euis Suryaningsih; Eri Sofiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p187-196

Abstract

STRAK. Tanaman kentang transgenik Katahdin event SP904 dan SP951 mengandung gen RB, yang diisolasi dari spesies liar kentang diploid Solanum bulbocastanum. Gen RB mempunyai ketahanan yang bersifat  durable dengan spektrum yang luas terhadap ras-ras Phytophthora  infestans di Amerika Serikat. Dalam perakitan tanaman kentang tahan penyakit hawar daun P. infestans di Indonesia, transgenik Katahdin dijadikan sebagai donor tahan dalam persilangan dengan varietas rentan Atlantik dan Granola. Klon-klon hasil silangan dianalisis secara molekuler mengandung gen RB. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menguji ketahanan klon-klon hasil silangan tanaman kentang transgenik dengan nontransgenik terhadap isolat P. infestans di lapangan uji terbatas (LUT) yang berlokasi di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa), Lembang dari bulan Oktober 2009 sampai dengan Maret 2010. Klon-klon yang diuji ialah 12 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (A); 15 klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (B); 17 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP904 (C); dan 20 klon hasil silangan Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 (D). Atlantik dan Granola digunakan sebagai kontrol rentan, sedangkan transgenik Katahdin sebagai kontrol tahan. Pengamatan dimulai ketika muncul gejala awal, yaitu pada 26, 32, 39, 46, dan 53 hari setelah tanam. Ketahanan tanaman semakin menurun dengan bertambahnya periode pengamatan, diikuti meningkatnya intensitas penyakit dan AUDPC. Semua klon yang diuji menunjukkan keragaman dalam ketahanan fenotipik terhadap hawar daun P. infestans. Klon-klon hasil silangan Atlantik x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC 697, yang hampir sama dengan transgenik Katahdin SP904 yaitu 698,5. Klon-klon Granola x transgenik Katahdin SP951 mempunyai nilai AUDPC  687,5 lebih kecil dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa klon-klon tersebut mempunyai ketahanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan transgenik Katahdin SP904. Pada pengamatan 46 hari setelah tanam atau 20 hari setelah infeksi diperoleh tiga klon tahan yaitu B49 (skor 7,5), C111 (skor 7,1), dan D26 (skor 7,3). Ketahanan ini lebih tinggi daripada transgenik Katahdin SP904 (skor 5,1) dan transgenik Katahdin SP951 (skor 6,4). ABSTRACT. Ambarwati, AD, Herman, M, Listanto, E, Suryaningsih, E and Sofiari, E 2012. Resistance Testing on Transgenic and Nontransgenic Potato Clones Against Late Blight Phytophthora  infestans in Confined Field Trial.  Transgenic potato Katahdin event SP904 and  SP951 containing RB gene, which were isolated from a wild diploid potato species, Solanum bulbocastanum. RB gene showed durable resistance with broad spectrum to all known races of  P. infestans in the USA. In development of  potato resistant to late blight P. infestans in Indonesia, Katahdin transgenic were used as a resistant donor and crossed with susceptible varieties i.e. Atlantic and Granola. Clones derived from the crossing were molecularly analyzed and had RB gene contain. Experiment was conducted to assess the resistance of the clones derived from crossing of Katahdin transgenic and nontransgenic to P. infestans in confined field trial (CFT), located at the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), Lembang from October 2009 to March 2010. Several clones tested were 12 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (A); 15 clones of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (B); 17 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP904 (C); and 20 clones of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 (D). Atlantic and Granola were used as susceptible control whereas Katahdin transgenic as resistant control. Observation was started as late blight symptoms and detected at 26, 32, 39, 46, and 53 days after planting. Plant resistance decreases with increasing period of observation, followed by increasing disease intensity and AUDPC. All clones tested showed variation in phenotypic resistance to late blight P. infestans. Clones derived from crossing of Atlantic x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 697 and almost similar to Katahdin transgenic SP904 (698.5). Clones derived from crossing of Granola x Katahdin transgenic SP951 had AUDPC score 687.5 and smaller than Katahdin transgenic SP904. The results also indicated that these clones had higher resistance than Katahdin transgenic SP904. Observation at 46 days after planting or 20 days after infection resulted three resistant clones i.e. B49 (score 7.5), C111 (score 7.1); and D26 (score 7.3).  This resistance was higher than Katahdin transgenic SP904 (score 5.1) and Katahdin transgenic SP951 (score 6.4).
Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Tanaman Pisang di Provinsi NAD: Sebaran dan Identifikasi Isolat Berdasarkan Analisis Vegetative Compatibility Group Edison -; Riska -; Catur Hermanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 22, No 2 (2012): Juni 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v22n2.2012.p165-172

Abstract

ABSTRAK. Penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium  oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) merupakan penyakit paling berbahaya pada tanaman pisang. Untuk mendapatkan teknik pengendalian yang tepat, maka informasi tentang distribusi dan karakter biologi patogen tersebut perlu diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui distribusi penyakit layu Fusarium di Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) dan varietas pisang yang diserangnya serta mengidentifikasi isolat  Foc berdasarkan analisis vegetative compatibility group (VCG). Survei dan pengumpulan sampel tanaman pisang terserang penyakit dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2007 dan Juli 2008. Isolasi dan pemurnian isolat dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah (Balitbu) Tropika Solok pada bulan Februari 2007 dan Agustus 2008. Analisis VCG dilakukan di Departement of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia dan Laboratorium Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika sejak bulan Juli 2007 sampai bulan Juli 2009. Tester VCG berjumlah 17 nomor yang berasal dari Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyakit layu Fusarium ditemukan di semua lokasi pengamatan di Provinsi NAD pada empat varietas pisang, yaitu Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), dan Siem (ABB). Dari 50 isolat Foc yang dikoleksi terkelompok ke dalam dua VCG, 37 isolat (74%) termasuk dalam VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4), ditemukan pada tiga varietas (Barangan, Kepok, dan Raja), sembilan isolat masuk VCG 01218 (Ras 1) ditemukan hanya pada varietas Siem, sedangkan VCG empat isolat yang menyerang pisang varietas Siem belum ditemukan. Foc VCGs 01213/16 (TR4) paling dominan ditemukan di Provinsi NAD, baik dari jumlah, sebaran lokasi, maupun ragam varietas yang diserangnya. Data ini menginformasikan bahwa pengembangan tanaman pisang di Provinsi NAD harus dilakukan secara selektif serta mempertimbangkan langkah-langkah preventif dan pengendalian yang tepat.ABSTRACT. Jumjunidang, Edison, Riska, and Hermanto, C 2012. Fusarium Wilt Disease on Banana in NAD Province: Distribution and Identification of Isolates through Vegetative Compatibility Group Analysis. Wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most dangerous pathogen on banana. Knowledge of the distribution and biological characters of the pathogen is very important to arrange an effective control technique. The objectives of this study were to reveal distribution of Fusarium wilt disease in Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD) Province and infected banana varieties as well as to identify of Foc isolates with vegetative compatibility group (VCG) analysis Survey and collection of samples of infected banana plants in NAD Province were carried out in January 2007 and July 2008. Isolation and purification of the isolates with single spore techniques were done at Plant Protection Laboratory of Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI), Solok in February 2007 and August 2008. Vegetative compatibility group analysis was performed at Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia and Plant Protection Laboratory of ITFRI from July 2007 to July 2009. Seventeen VCG testers were originated from Department of Primary Industry, Plant Pathology Section, Indooroopilli Australia. The results showed that Fusarium wilt disease was found in all surveyed locations in NAD Province on four banana varieties, i.e. Barangan (AAA), Raja (AAB), Kepok (ABB/BBB), and Siem (ABB). Fifty isolates of the pathogen Foc have been collected and grouped into two VCGs, 37 isolates (74%) were grouped into VCG 01213/16 (Tropical Race 4) attacking three varieties (Barangan, Kepok, and Raja), nine isolates were clustered into VCG 01218 (Race 1) attacking Siem variety only, and the other four isolates from Siem variety had not been identified yet.  Foc VCG 01213/16 (TR4) was very dominant in NAD Province, in terms of numbers, location, and distribution of attacked varieties. These findings inform that the development of banana plants in the NAD province should be done selectively and consider both preventive measures and appropriate controls.

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