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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
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Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021" : 12 Documents clear
Back Mather Mather, Back
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p%p

Abstract

Kloning Gen Coat Protein (CP) Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) pada Vektor Ekspresi [Cloning of Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Coat Protein Gene into Expression Vector] Diningsih, Erniawati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p51-60

Abstract

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) termasuk anggota genus Carmovirus dalam famili Tombusviridae. Virus ini banyak ditemukan menginfeksi tanaman anyelir di Jawa Barat dan menyebabkan gejala mottle. Sebagai langkah awal untuk memproduksi antiserum melalui teknik ekspresi gen CP perlu diklon pada vektor yang sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan klon CarMV yang berfungsi melalui kloning dan subkloning gen CP CarMV ke dalam vektor ekspresi yang sesuai. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi RNA total dan amplifikasi cDNA CarMV dengan RT-PCR, menggunakan primer spesifik CarMVF dan CarMVR yang mengandung situs enzim restriksi XhoI dan BamHI, kloning dan subkloning DNA sisipan, serta konfirmasi transforman. Rekombinan gen sisipan CP CarMV dalam bakteri dikonfirmasi dengan koloni PCR. Gen CP CarMV berhasil dikloning ke dalam TA vektor pTZ57R/T dan disubkloning ke vektor ekspresi pET28a. Sekuen rekombinan CP CarMV berhasil dikonfirmasi melalui perunutan DNA. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk mendapatkan produksi antigen rekombinan yang melimpah pada bakteri ekspresi dan kondisi yang sesuai.KeywordsDianthus caryophillus L.; Carmovirus; Kloning; Subkloning; Bakteri ekspresiAbstractCarnation mottle virus (CarMV) is a type member of Carmovirus genus in family of Tombusvirus. The virus infects carnation plants in the centre area production of West Java and it cause mottle symptoms. The research aimed to obtain functional clone(s) of CarMV CP gene in suitable expression kloning vector. The research was carried out through several steps, namely total RNA extraction and amplification of cDNA of CP CarMV by RT-PCR using specific primer pairs CarMVF and CarMVR containing restriction enzyme sites XhoI and BamHI, respectively, TA cloning, and subcloning into expression vector pET28a and confirmation of recombinant plasmids by colony PCR. CarMV CP gen was successfully cloned into TA cloning vector pTZ57R/T and subcloned into vector pET28a, alsowere confirmed by DNA sequencing. Future experiment is necessary to be conducted to obtain abundance recombinant antigen production of CarMV CP in suitable expression condition and bacterial host.
Kelayakan finansial teknologi produksi benih bawang merah asal biji botani (True Seed of Shallot = TSS) (Financial feasibility of True Seed of Shallot seed production technology) Witono Adiyoga; Mathias Prathama; Rini Rosliani
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p81-92

Abstract

Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Margahayu, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran pada Maret-November 2018. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengestimasi kelayakan finansial teknologi produksi benih bawang merah TSS (True Seed of Shallot). Percobaan lapangan produksi benih dilakukan untuk luasan 1.500 m2. Keragaan usahatani dievaluasi melalui analisis anggaran usaha berdasarkan pencatatan usahatani. Sementara itu, kelayakan finansial dianalisis menggunakan NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return),  B/C ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio) dan PBP (Pay Back Period). Hasil analisis anggaran menghasilkan indikator keragaan produksi benih sebagai berikut: (a) biaya produksi Rp. 255.320.280/hektar, (b) rasio penerimaan-biaya 1,49, (c) titik impas produksi 102 kg/hektar, dan (d) titik impas harga Rp. 1.789.628/kg. Analisis finansial berdasarkan parameter: periode proyeksi 3 tahun; aliran kas 12 bulan; suku bunga 18%/tahun; proporsi modal 40% (sendiri)  dan 60% (kredit); luas lahan 1 hektar; produktivitas 150 kg/ha; dan harga output Rp. 2.500.000/kg menghasilkan NPV = Rp. -108.564.638 (<0), IRR = sampai tingkat bunga 2% masih menunjukkan besaran NPV yang negatif (<18%), Net B/C Ratio = 0,62 (< 1), dan PBP = 1,5 tahun (< 3 tahun). Berbagai kriteria tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa usahatani produksi benih TSS belum dapat dikategorikan layak secara finansial. Analisis sensitivitas menunjuk-kan bahwa kelayakan finansial baru tercapai jika terjadi pengurangan biaya produksi minimal 22%. Kelayakan finansial juga dapat dicapai jika terjadi minimal 15% peningkatan produktivitas atau 15% peningkatan harga benih. Penelitian ini menyarankan studi lebih lanjut untuk mengidentifikasi agroekosistem produksi paling ideal berpotensi produktivitas optimal, serta memperbaiki teknologi produksi benih TSS berorientasi peningkatan produktivitas dan efisiensi penggunaan input. Keywordsproduksi benih; benih biji botani bawang; analisis anggaran;  kelayakan finansialAbstractA trial of 1,500 m2 seed production was conducted in the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute during March-November 2018. The objective was to assess the financial feasibility of True Seed of Shallot (TSS) seed production technology. Farm performance was assessed by using enterprise budget, NPV (Net Present Value), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), B/C ratio (Benefit Cost Ratio), and PBP (Pay Back Period). Budget analysis results in (a) production costs of IDR 255,320,280/ ha, (b) revenue-cost ratio of 1.49, (c) 102 kg/ha yield break-even-point, and (d) IDR 1,789,628/kg price break-even-point. Meanwhile, financial analysis based on some predetermined parameters has provided NPV = IDR -108,564,638 (<0), IRR = up to 2% interest rate still shows negative NPV value (<18%), Net B/C Ratio = 0.62 (<1), and PBP = 1.5 years (<3 years). Those criteria suggest that TSS seed production business is not yet categorized as financially feasible. Sensitivity analysis shows that financial feasibility may be achieved if there is minimally 22% reduced cost of production, or 15% increased yield, or 15% increased seed price. Further studies on identifying the most ideal agro-ecosystem with optimal yield potential, and improving TSS technology with an orientation to increasing yield and input-use efficiency are recommended.
Pengaruh Jenis Eksplan dan Asam Amino pada Inisiasi dan Proliferasi Kalus Embriogenik Phalaenopsis Var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ Fitri Rachmawati; Dedeh Siti Badriah; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p11-20

Abstract

(The Effect of Explant Types and Amino Acids on Embryogenic Callus Initiation and Proliferation of Phalaenopsis Var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’)Penyiapan kalus embriogenik (KE) yang optimal memiliki peranan penting dalam menghasilkan benih bermutu Phalaenopsis skala komersial. Kendala utama yang dihadapi ialah inisiasi dan proliferasi KE yang masih rendah, serta akumulasi fenolik yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balithi dari Agustus 2019 hingga Juli 2020. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola split plot dan faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Percobaan-1: jenis eksplan (pucuk, pangkal, dan daun plantlet) sebagai petak utama dan perlakuan asam amino (tanpa asam amino, L-Proline, L-Glutamine, L-Cysteine, dan Casein-Hydrolisate) dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/l pada medium PC1 (1/2 MS + 1,0 mg/l TDZ + 0,5 mg/l BAP + 20 g/l sukrosa) sebagai anak petak. Percobaan-2: faktor-1 ialah jenis asam amino (L-Proline, L-Cysteine; L-Glutamine, dan Casein-Hydrolisate) dan faktor-2 ialah konsentrasi asam amino (0, 75, 150, 225, dan 300 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inisiasi KE Phalaenopsis var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ terbaik didapatkan dari pangkal plantlet dan 150 mg/l L-Glutamine dengan waktu inisiasi 18,3-24,0 hari, 80-100% pembentukan KE, dan ukuran KE 0,4-0,5 cm3. Proliferasi KE terbaik ditemukan pada L-Glutamine dengan konsentrasi 150 mg/l. Proliferasi KE mencapai 100% dengan penambahan berat segar sebesar 0,39 g, tingkat multiplikasi (MR) 4,55 kali dan pencokelatan 4,0%. Hasil penelitian ini berpotensi tinggi untuk diterapkan pada kultur starter Phalaenopsis hibrida lain.KeywordsPhalaenopsis hibrid; Asam amino; Inisiasi; Kalus embriogenik; ProliferasiAbstractSetup of the optimum Phalaenopsis embryogenic callus (EC) is an important role in producing qualified-seedlings of Phalaenopsis in commercial scale. The main constraints that are still being faced are the low rate of culture proliferation and high phenolic accumulations. The research was carried out at the Tissue Culture Laboratory-Indonesian Ornamental Plants Research Institite, from August 2019 through July 2020. The split plot and factorial designs were arranged using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with five replications. Experiment-1: explants type (shoot tip, basal part, and leaf of plantlet) was used as main plot and amino acids (amino acids free, L-Proline, L-Glutamine, L-Cysteine, and Casein-Hydrolisate) with 150 mg/l concentration on medium PC1 (1/2 MS + 1,0 mg/l TDZ + 0,5 mg/l BAP + 20 g/l sukrosa) as subplot. Experiment-2: the first factor was amino acids type (L-Proline, L-Cysteine; L-Glutamine, and Casein-Hydrolisate) and the second factor was amino acids concentration (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 mg/l). Results of the studies revealed that the best EC initiation of Phalaenopsis var. ‘Raiza Agrihorti’ was produced by basal part of plantlet and PC1 medium containing 150 mg/l L-Glutamine with EC Initiation time was 18.3-24.0 days, 80-100% of EC formation and size of 0.4-0.5 cm3. The best proliferation of EC was found in L-Glutamine with 150 mg/l concentration. EC proliferation reached 100% with 4.55 EC multiplication rate, 0.39 g EC fresh weight added, and EC browning as low as 4.0%. The established method is high possibly applied for other Phalaenopsis hybrids.
Pergeseran Pola Konsumsi Buah Nasional di Awal Masa Pandemi Covid-19 (The Shifting of National Fruit Consumption Pattern at the Beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic Period) lyli mufidah; Lizia Zamzami; Zainuri Hanif
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p93-104

Abstract

Studi pola konsumsi buah nasional sebelum dan di awal masa pandemi Covid-19 perlu dilakukan sebagai langkah awal inventarisasi ada atau tidaknya pergeseran, agar strategi dan antisipasi pembenahan dapat dirancang sejalan dengan upaya mewujudkan ketahanan dan keberlanjutan pangan. Empat ratus enam puluh enam responden terlibat dalam studi ini, melalui survei yang dilaksanakan secara daring. Metode analisis deskriptif, uji tanda, dan Fishers exact test digunakan. Hasil studi mengindikasikan adanya pergeseran pola konsumsi sebelum dan pada awal masa pandemi covid-19 untuk lima atribut, yaitu (1) dana alokasi pengeluaran buah per bulan, (2) frekuensi pembelian, (3) tempat, (4) kesulitan dalam perolehan, dan (5) jenis buah nasional yang dikonsumsi. Pergeseran ini menjadi isyarat perlunya upaya peningkatan kesadaran konsumsi buah nasional untuk menjaga imunitas dan krusialnya sinergi antara produsen dan distributor akan rantai pasok yang efisien dan efektif, serta penggunaan platform digital. Pembenahan diharapkan membuat konsumen dapat menikmati buah nasional berkualitas dari rumah dengan harga yang terjangkau. Segmentasi demografis berdasarkan kelompok umur dapat menjadi pertimbangan penyedia, karena memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan atribut pola konsumsi kedua sampai kelima. Studi lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk memotret dampak pergeseran terhadap supply dan value chain.KeywordsDaring; Imunitas; Preferensi konsumen; Rantai pasok; SinergiAbstractStudies of national fruit consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period need to be carried out as an initial step for improvement to achieve food sustainability. A total of 466 respondents were involved in the survey which was conducted online. Descriptive analysis, sign test, and Fishers exact test were used. The results indicated there was a shift in consumption patterns before and at the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic period, in terms of (1) expenditure allocation for fruit per month, (2) frequency, (3) place of purchase, (4) difficulties in procurement, and (5) types of national fruit consumed. The shift is a sign of the need for efforts to increase awareness of national fruit consumption. The synergy between producers and distributors to form an efficient and effective supply chain, and the use of digital platforms, is crucial, so that consumers can enjoy high quality national fruit from home at affordable prices. Demografic segmentation based on age group can be considered by providers, because it has a significant relationship with the second to fifth consumption pattern attributes. Further studies are needed to capture the shift impact on the supply and value chain.
Morphological Variability of Mangosteen in Bengkulu Province (Variabilitas Morfologi Manggis di Provinsi Bengkulu) nFN Miswarti; Irma Calista; Wawan Eka Putra; Dedi Sugandi; Taupik Rahman; Emlan Fauzi; Tri Wahyuni; Rudi Hartono; Yudi Sastro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p21-30

Abstract

Mangosteen is a genetic resource scattered and cultivated by farmers in Bengkulu Province. The study aimed at determining the morphological variability of mangosteen. The study was conducted from March to October 2015 in Bengkulu province using on-site supervision and observation methods. The number of plants observed was 34 genotypes and qualitatively and quantitatively characterized based on the Center for Plant Variety Protection and Agriculture Licensing (CPVPAL) guide. The data of morphology were analyzed by comparing the average value, variance, and standard deviation. Relationship or data grouping phenotypic characters appearance were identified using NTSYS software version 2.1. The results show wide variability in the density of leaf, flower size, and fruit weight, while narrow variability is occurred in plant height and the thickness of the rind. Data analysis of mangosteen genotypes generated similarity coefficients range from 0.71 to 0.91 (71-91%). Genotype 24 and 27 have the closest relationship, with the similarity coefficient of 91%.KeywordsMangosteen; Morphology; Variability; Character; PhenotypicAbstractManggis merupakan sumber daya genetik yang tersebar dan dibudidayakan oleh petani di Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabilitas fenotipik buah manggis. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Oktober 2015 di Provinsi Bengkulu dengan menggunakan metode observasi langsung morfologi tanaman manggis yang telah berbuah. Jumlah tanaman yang diamati sebanyak 34 genotipe dan masing-masing genotipe diamati karakterisasi kualitatif dan kuantitatif berdasarkan panduan Pusat Perlindungan Varietas Tanaman dan Perizinan Pertanian (PPVTPP). Analisis data melalui perbandingan varian fenotipik dengan standar deviasi varian fenotipe diukur dengan nilai rata-rata, varians, dan standar deviasi. Kekerabatan atau pengelompokan data penampilan karakter fenotipik dilakukan dengan menggunakan software NTSys versi 2.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas luas terdapat pada kerapatan daun, ukuran bunga, dan bobot buah, sedangkan variabilitas sempit pada karakter tinggi tanaman dan  ketebalan kulit buah. Analisis genotipe manggis menghasilkan koefisien kemiripan sebesar 0,71-0,91 (71-91%). Dari dendogram diperoleh genotipe yang memiliki tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi terdapat pada genotipe 24 dan 27 dengan nilai kemiripan sebesar 91%.
Adaptasi Pertumbuhan Setek Bunga Krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) Menggunakan Naungan di Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan [Growth Adaptation of Chrysanthemum Cuttings (Chrysanthemum sp.) Using Shade in Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan] Nour Wasilah Shopa Riska; Riza Adrianoor Saputra; Antar Sofyan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p31-40

Abstract

Banjarbaru merupakan salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Selatan yang memiliki prospek yang baik sebagai daerah pengembangan komoditas krisan. Pertumbuhan tanaman krisan sangat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, misalnya media tanam, ketersediaan air dan hara, iklim mikro, suhu, kelembaban, serta intensitas cahaya matahari tertentu sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan cahaya yang optimal maka perlakuan naungan diperlukan selama fase pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh persentase kerapatan pada naungan terhadap pertumbuhan setek krisan varietas Puspita Nusantara. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Bulan November sampai Desember 2020, bertempat di Kebun Percobaan Jurusan Agroekoteknologi Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Lambung Mangkurat Banjarbaru. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan kerapatan paranet, yaitu n1 (paranet dengan kerapatan 75%), n2 (paranet dengan kerapatan 100%), n3 (paranet dengan kerapatan 125%), dan n4 (paranet dengan kerapatan 150%), yang terdiri atas lima kelompok sehingga terdapat 20 satuan percobaan, dan setiap satuan percobaan terdapat lima unit tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase naungan berpengaruh terhadap parameter jumlah daun, persentase setek hidup, dan tinggi tanaman yang tumbuh, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada saat awal muncul tunas. Perlakuan n2 berpengaruh paling baik terhadap persentase setek hidup (64%), jumlah daun (4,1 helai) serta tinggi tunas (4,26 cm).KeywordsKrisan; Setek; Paranet; Iklim mikroAbstract Banjarbaru as one of the areas in South Kalimantan has good prospects as a chrysanthemum development area. The growth of chrysanthemums is strongly influenced by several factors, such as planting media, availability of water and nutrients, microclimate, temperature, humidity, and a certain intensity of sunlight, so to meet the need for optimal light, shade treatment is required during the growth phase. This study aims to determine the effect of the percentage density in the shade on the growth of chrysanthemum cuttings of the Puspita Nusantara variety. The research was carried out from November to December 2020, at the Experimental Garden of the Department of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru. The method used in this research is a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the treatment of n1 (shading net with a density of 75%), n2 (shading net with a density of 100%), n3 (shading net with a density of 125%), and n4 (shading net with a density of 150%), which consisted of five groups so that there were 20 experimental units, and each experimental unit contained five plant units. The results showed that the percentage of shade affected the parameters of the number of leaves, the percentage of live cuttings, and plant height that grew, but had no significant effect on the initial emergence of shoots. The n2 treatment had the best effect on the percentage of live cuttings (64%), the number of leaves (4.1 strands), and shoots height (4.26 cm). 
Insidensi dan Sebaran Tungau Hama pada Pepaya di Pulau Lombok (Incidence and Distribution of Mites on Papaya in Lombok Island) Wieke Mei Dina; Sugeng Santoso; Tri Asmira Damayanti
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p61-70

Abstract

Tungau hama merupakan salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan insidensi, sebaran, dan identitas tungau hama pepaya di Pulau Lombok. Sebaran ditentukan berdasarkan insidensi tungau hama pada 50 lokasi pengambilan contoh dan tungau hama diidentifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler berdasarkan runutan rDNA ITS2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 spesies tungau berdasarkan identifikasi morfologi, yaitu Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pasificus, Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, T. piercei, dan Tarsonemus bilobatus dengan insidensi berkisar antara 2–72%. Di antara spesies yang ditemukan, P. citri merupakan tungau hama dengan sebaran dan insidensi tertinggi (72%). Hasil analisis persebaran menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman spesies tungau hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok adalah tinggi dengan tingkat dominansi rendah dan tingkat kemerataan spesies yang tinggi. Uji PCR dan analisis runutan DNA berhasil mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi enam spesies tungau hama, yaitu T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, dan P. citri (Tetranychidae), pada 500–600 pb serta B. californicus dan B. phoenicis (Tenuipalpidae) pada 600–700 pb. Similaritas tertinggi ditemukan pada T. piercei dan T. kanzawai (100%). Ini merupakan laporan pertama keberadaan B. californicus sebagai hama pada tanaman pepaya di Pulau Lombok.KeywordsFrekuensi kemunculan; PCR; Perunutan DNA; SebaranAbstractMites are one obstacle of papaya production in Lombok Island. Thus, the aim of research was to determine incidence, distribution and identity of mites on papaya plant in Lombok Island. Distribution is determined based on incidence of in 50 sampling area, while mites identified morphological and molecularly based on rDNA ITS2. This studies revealed that there were 12 species of mites based on morphological, namely Aculops pelekassi, Calacarus carinatus, Brevipalpus californicus, B. obovatus, B. phoenicis, Tenuipalpus pacificus Eutetranychus africanus, Panonychus citri, Tetranychus fijiensis, T. kanzawai, and T. pierce with an incidence ranging 2-72%. Among species found, P. citri has the highest distribution and incidence of 72%. The results of the distribution analysis showed that diversity of mite species was high, with low dominance and high evenness. PCR assay successfully amplified DNA of six species, namely T. piercei, T. kanzawai, E. africanus, P. citri with the DNA size of 500-600 bp and B. californicus, B. phoenicis with the DNA size of 600-700 bp. The highest similarity species was found on T .piercei and T. kanzawai (100%). This was the first report of B. californicus infestating on papaya in Lombok.
Analisis Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gen Faktor Transkripsi MYB dalam Biosintesis Antosianin Kulit Buah Mangga (Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Gene Transcription Factor MYB in Mango Skin Anthocyanin Biosynthesis) Findy Ashgi; Adi Pancoro
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p1-10

Abstract

Perkembangan pasar bebas berdampak terhadap selera produk-produk pertanian, seperti warna buah mangga. Antosianin merupakan senyawa yang bertanggung jawab dalam menginduksi warna pada buah. Senyawa ini diregulasi oleh gen faktor transkripsi MYB. Mutasi Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) daerah ekson gen MYB dapat mengubah asam amino yang memengaruhi aktivitas enzim yang mengakibatkan munculnya variasi fenotipe warna buah di antara individu-individu dalam spesies yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan SNP pada gen MYB dari kulit buah mangga varietas Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, dan Cengkir. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga tahap utama, yaitu isolasi DNA kulit buah mangga, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), dan proses sekuensing oleh Macrogen Inc. (Singapore). Hasil multiple sequence alignment asam amino gen faktor transkripsi MYB menunjukkan adanya perbedaan basa yang mengakibatkan munculnya stop codon dari SNP 337 A→T dan SNP 338 A→G yang memengaruhi fenotipe warna kulit buah. SNP yang memunculkan stop codon dapat direkomendasikan untuk membedakan fenotipe pigmentasi antosianin pada kulit buah mangga Gedong Gincu yang bewarna merah dengan warna kulit buah mangga yang lainnya. Adanya SNP menyebabkan prematur stop codon yang terjadi pada gen faktor transkripsi MYB dan diduga berpengaruh terhadap pigmentasi antosianin.KeywordsMangga; SNP; Faktor transkripsi; Antosianin; MYBAbstract The development of free markets gives an impact on appetite for agricultural products, such as the color of mangoes fruit skin. Anthocyanins are compounds that are responsible for giving color to the fruit skin, these compounds are regulated by the MYB transcription factor genes. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mutations in the exon region of the MYB gene can change amino acids that affect enzyme activity, resulting in phenotypic variations in fruit color among individuals in the same species. This study aims to find SNP in MYB genes from mango peel varieties Arum Manis, Gedong Gincu, Manalagi, Golek, and Cengkir. The research was conducted in three main stages, namely isolation of mango peel DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and sequencing process by Macrogen Inc (Singapore). The results of multiple sequence alignment of the amino acid MYB transcription factor genes showed a base difference which resulted in the appearance of a stop codon from SNP 337 A→T and SNP 338 A→G which affected the phenotype of fruit skin color. The SNP that raises the stop codon can be recommended to differentiate the anthocyanin pigmentation phenotype on the red skin of the mango Gedong Gincu from the skin color of other mangoes. The presence of SNP causes premature stop codon that occurs in the MYB transcription factor gene and is thought to have an effect on anthocyanin pigmentation. 
Pendugaan Umur Simpan Cabai Giling Menggunakan Metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing dengan Pendekatan Arrhenius (Estimation of Shelf Life Ground Chillies Using Accelerated Shelf Life Testing Method with Arrhenius Approach) Kasma Iswari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 1 (2021): Juni 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n1.2021.p71-80

Abstract

Untuk memperpanjang masa simpan cabai giling yang diperdagangkan, perlu dilakukan pengemasan sebaik mungkin sehingga tidak terkontaminasi mikroba. Di samping itu diperlukan informasi masa simpan untuk menjamin bahwa cabai giling sampai di tangan konsumen belum mengalami kerusakan dan masih layak dikonsumsi. Salah satu cara untuk menduga umur simpan secara cepat adalah dengan metode Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT), melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian bertujuan menduga umur simpan cabai giling melalui pendekatan Arrhenius. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pascapanen BPTP Sumatra Barat pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Oktober 2018. Penyimpanan dilakukan menggunakan kemasan botol plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) dan kantong plastik PP 0,8 mm pada suhu 3ºC, 29ºC, dan 35ºC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaksi kinetika penurunan mutu cabai giling mengikuti ordo satu. Pendugaan umur simpan paling lama diperoleh pada perlakuan pemanasan cabai giling selama 25 menit kemudian dikemas dengan botol PET, disimpan pada suhu 3°C, yaitu 211,41 hari, dengan model matematika penurunan mutu Lnk =14,883-7154,67(1/T). Jika disimpan pada suhu 29˚C dan 35˚C masing-masing umur simpan hanya 53,26 hari dan 27,21 hari.KeywordsUmur simpan; Pengolahan; Cabai gilingAbstractTo extend the shelf life of traded ground chilies, good packaging is necessary in order not to be contaminated by microbes. In addition, information on shelf life is needed to ensure that the ground chillies that arrive at consumers have not been damaged and are still fit for consumption. One way to quickly estimate shelf life is by using the Accelerated Shelf Life Testing (ASLT) method, through the Arrhenius approach. The research aimed to estimate the shelf life of ground chillies through the Arrhenius approach. The research was conducted at the Postharvest Laboratory of BPTP West Sumatra from May to October 2018. Storage was carried out using Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) plastic bottles and 0.8 mm PP plastic bags at temperatures of 3ºC, 29ºC, and 35ºC. The results showed that the reaction kinetics of quality deterioration of ground chillies followed order 1. The longest estimated shelf life was obtained in the heating treatment of ground chilies for 25 minutes then packed with PET bottles, stored at 3°C, that is 211.41 days, with a mathematical model of quality degradation Lnk = 14.883-7154.67 (1/T). If stored at 29oC and 35oC, the shelf life is only 53.26 days and 27.21 days, respectively.

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