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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 13 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021" : 13 Documents clear
Evaluasi dan Seleksi Ketahanan Lili Hasil Induksi Mutasi Kimia terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp lilii (Evaluation and Selection for Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lilii in Lily) Ridho Kurniati; Budi Marwoto; Evi Silvia; Eka Fibriyanti
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p113-122

Abstract

Perakitan varietas tahan penyakit menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimiawi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan tanaman lili tahan penyakit busuk umbi yang disebabkan oleh cendawan Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lilii. Bahan yang digunakan ialah lili Asiatik cv. Purple Maroon hasil induksi mutagen kimia Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) 0, 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; dan 0,4 ml/l. Media seleksi yang digunakan ialah humus bambu dan pupuk kandang yang telah diberi inokulan cendawan Fusarium oxysporum (105 sel konidia/g media). Hasil evaluasi dan seleksi menunjukkan intensitas serangan tertinggi terjadi pada tanaman kontrol (37,6%) dan sebaliknya pada tanaman mutan.Tanaman lili hasil induksi EMS 0,1; 0,2; dan 0,3 ml/l menunjukkan intesintas serangan rendah yaitu (17,6 dan 19,2%) dan termasuk dalam kelompok tahan terhadap Fusarium, sementara perlakuan EMS 0,4 ml/l menghasilkan mutan agak tahan terhadap Fusarium dengan intensitas serangan 24%. Induksi mutagen kimia EMS tidak menyebabkan perubahan morfologi bunga lili, namun terjadi peningkatan ketahanan terhadap infeksi Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lilii.KeywordsFusarium oxysporum; Ethyl Methane Sulphonate; Varietas tahan penyakitAbstractDisease resistance of ornamental plants induced by chemical mutagen was an option to reduce chemical fungicide. Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) was a chemical mutagen that was used in this experiment. The objectives of the experiments were to obtain resistant disease of Fusarium oxysporum in Lily. Asiatic lily (Purple Maroon) induced by EMS 0; 0,1; 0,2; 0,3; and 0,4 ml/l were used as materials. Selection media used bamboo media, organic fertilizer, and 105 conidia cel/g media of Fusarium oxysporum inoculant. Lily was induced by EMS 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3 ml/l indicated the low intensity of disease severity index of Fusarium oxysporum fsp.lilii (17.6 and 19.2%). These lilies were resistant to Fusarium oxysporum fsp lilii. Otherwise, lily (EMS 0.4 ml/l) was moderate. None of the flowers morphologically were changed, but there was an increase of resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.lilii.
Pembentukan Populasi Dasar Krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev) untuk Materi Induksi Mutasi Kimia [Population Formation of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzelev) as Materials for Induced Mutation using Chemical Mutagen] Suryawati, nFN; Aisyah, Syarifah Iis; Marwoto, Budi; Kurniati, Ridho
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p137-146

Abstract

Induksi mutasi dapat dilakukan pada beberapa materi tanaman. Jenis materi tanaman menentukan keberhasilan terbentuknya mutan. Keberhasilan in vitro mutagenesis dipengaruhi oleh stadia tumbuh bahan tanam yang digunakan selama peroses mutagenesis. Mutagenesis dalam bentuk kalus berpotensi mendapatkan mutan solid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan kalus sebagai materi untuk induksi mutasi kimia serta media produksi kalus terbaik secara in vitro. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu daun plantlet krisan varietas Reagent Pink dan Jaguar Pink. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas tujuh kombinasi perlakuan media dasar MS dengan penambahan beberapa zat pengatur tumbuh. Kalus krisan kedua varietas (Reagent Pink dan Jaguar Pink) dapat terbentuk pada semua kompisisi media. Struktur kalus remah, dengan warna bervariasi hijau kekuning-kuningan hingga cokelat. Ukuran dan bobot segar kalus tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan. Media M7 merupakan media yang disarankan untuk produksi kalus sebagai media dasar induksi kalus.KeywordsInduksi mutasi; In vitro; Kalus; KrisanAbstractMutagen induced mutation in many explants and plant materials. These materials were determined mutant. The success of in vitro mutagenesis is influenced by the growing stadia of planting materials used during the mutagenesis process. Mutagenesis in the form of calluses has the potential to obtain solid mutants. The objectives of these studies were to find out materials explant for chemical induce mutation and in vitro media for callus production. Reagent Pink and Jaguar Pink leaf were used as materials. The experiment design was Complete Random Design, with seven treatment of MS (Murashige and Skoog) base medium and the addition of some growing regulatory subtances. Both of chrysanthemum varieties (Reagent Pink and Jaguar Pink) produced calli in all of tested media. The friable calli were obtained. There were same variation color of callus, e.g green, yellowish, and brownish. The variation of size and callus weight were also obtained eventhough it were not significantly different. M7 medium was recommended media for callus production, then it were used for induce mutation materials as based population.
Penentuan Interval Pemberian Air Tanaman Bawang Putih berdasarkan Nilai Evapotranspirasi (Determination of Interval Garlic Irrigation based on Evapotranspiration Value) nFN Harmanto; Ika Cartika; Rofik Sinung Basuki; Agnofi Merdeka Efendi; Nikardi Gunadi
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p131-136

Abstract

Kebutuhan air tanaman dapat ditentukan berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi. Bawang putih untuk bisa tumbuh optimal memerlukan kebutuhan air yang cukup, baik dari segi volume ataupun ketepatan waktu pemberian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari waktu atau interval pemberian air yang tepat pada tanaman bawang putih agar mencapai pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai September 2020 bertempat di IP2TP Margahayu Lembang, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan diulang empat kali. Perlakuan terdiri atas pemberian air berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi dengan interval penyiraman : (a) 2 hari sekali, (b) 3 hari sekali, (c) 4 hari sekali, (d) 5 hari sekali, (e) 6 hari sekali, serta (f) perlakuan kontrol, yaitu pemberian air cara petani tidak berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi, diberikan setiap 2 hari sekali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interval pemberian air 2, 3, dan 4 hari sekali berdasarkan nilai evapotranspirasi memberikan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter batang, bobot kering brangkasan, bobot umbi segar dan kering, diameter umbi, dan panjang siung lebih tinggi dibanding perlakuan kontrol. Penyiraman 4 hari sekali dapat dilakukan pada budidaya bawang putih untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil serta efisiensi tenaga, waktu, dan biaya.KeywordsBawang putih; Evapotranspirasi; Interval irigasi; Irigasi tanamanAbstractPlant water requirements can be determined based on the evapotranspiration value. To be able to grow optimally, garlic requires sufficient water needs both in terms of volume and the timing of irrigation. The study was aimed at obtain the right time or frequency of water application to garlic plants in order to achieve optimal growth and production. The research was conducted from May to September 2020 at IP2TP Margahayu Lembang Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design with six treatments and four replications. The treatment consisted of giving water based on the evapotranspiration value with watering intervals : (a) 2 days, (b) 3 days, (c) 4 days, (d) 5 days, (e) 6 days, and (f) control treatment, namely giving water by farmers not based on the value of evapotranspiration, given every 2 days. The results showed that the interval of giving water 2, 3, and 4 days based on the evapotranspiration value gave the plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, stover dry weight, fresh and dry tuber weight, tuber diameter and clove length higher than the control treatment. Irrigation every 4 days can be done on garlic cultivation to increase the growth and yield as well as the efficiency ofenergy, time, and cost.
Uji Ketahanan Mutan M5 Cabai Hasil Kultur In Vitro terhadap Virus Gemini di Lapangan (Field Testing of M5 Chilli Mutans to Gemini Virus Resistancy) Saptowo Jumali Pardal, MS; Ifa Manzila; Tri Puji Priyatno
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p185-194

Abstract

Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) atau virus Gemini merupakan penyebab penyakit daun keriting kuning pada tanaman cabai. Pengendalian penyakit virus ini masih sulit dilakukan sampai saat ini. Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat diterapkan. Pada penelitian sebelumnya telah dihasilkan mutan somaklon cabai melalui teknik kultur in vitro yang dikombinasikan dengan mutagen kimia EMS dan menunjukkan ketahanan terhadap virus kuning keriting (virus Gemini) pada pengujian di rumah kaca. Tujuan penelitian adalah menguji tingkat ketahanan mutan cabai M5 terhadap virus Gemini di lapangan. Penelitian dilakukan di dua lokasi, yaitu Brebes (dataran rendah) dan Pacet-Cianjur (dataran tinggi) menggunakan 17 mutan cabai M5 dan tiga varietas pembanding. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 20 sampel uji yang terdiri atas 17 galur mutan M5, tiga varietas cabai pembanding dan tetua dengan empat ulangan. Untuk mengkonfirmasi adanya virus Gemini di lahan percobaan, dilakukan uji PCR. Hasil pengamatan terhadap insiden serangan virus Gemini pada tanaman menunjukkan bahwa insiden serangan di Brebes lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Pacet. Rata-rata insiden penyakit dan intensitas serangan virus Gemini di Brebes mencapai 96,97% dan 97,25% atau 3,5 kali lebih tinggi dari di Pacet masing-masing 25,73% dan 34,03%. Berdasarkan insiden, intensitas, dan analisis PCR menunjukkan bahwa galur 1, 3, dan 33 adaptif di dataran rendah dan tinggi, galur 1, 7, 63, 167, dan 192 adaptif di dataran tinggi, sedangkan 13 galur lainnya memiliki respon rentan dan sangat rentan terhadap virus Gemini.KeywordsCabai; Mutan; Ketahanan; Virus; GeminiAbstractYellow leaf curl is one of the important diseases in chilli plants that caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl virus (PepYLCV) or Gemini virus. The disease is very difficult to control. The use of resistant varieties is one solution that can be applied. In a previous study, chilli somaclone mutants were produced through in vitro culture combined with EMS mutagen. These mutants showed resistance to Gemini virus in the greenhouse test. The study was to determine the resistance level of the M5 chilli mutants to the Gemini virus in the field. The research was carried out in Brebes and in Pacet using a Randomized Complete Block Design with a total of 20 test samples consisting of 17 chilli mutants and three control varieties with four replications for observation. PCR analysis was conducted to confirm the presence of the Gemini virus in the experimental field. The results showed that the averaged incidence and intensity of Gemini virus attack in Brebes reached 96.97% and 97.25% was 3.5 times higher than in Pacet which were 25.73% and 34.03%, respectively. Based on the incidence, intensity and PCR analysis showed that lines 1, 3, and 33 were adaptive in the lowlands and highlands, lines 1, 7, 63, 167, and 192 were adaptive in the highlands, while the other 13 lines had a susceptible response and were very susceptible to Gemini virus.
Pengembalian Investasi Pengembangan Pepaya Merah Delima (Return on Investment of Papaya Merah Delima) Rima Setiani; Apri Laila Sayekti; Nur Qomariah Hayati; Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari; Tri Budiyanti; Anna Sulistyaningrum; Dita Maulina Fauziah; nFN Waryat; Muhammad Prama Yufdy; Muhammad Jawal Anwarudinsyah; nFN Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p195-202

Abstract

Pepaya Merah Delima (MD) hasil penelitian Balitbangtan, Kementerian Pertanian sudah menyebar dan dinikmati oleh masyarakat. Namun, belum ada penelitian yang menampilkan data seberapa besar manfaat yang diterima petani dari investasi yang sudah dikeluarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kontribusi pepaya MD dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi (Return on Investment = RoI) dalam menghasilkan dan mengembangkan pepaya MD. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2019 di beberapa provinsi yang secara purposif dipilih karena merupakan sentra pengembangan pepaya, yaitu di Jawa Barat, Riau, Banten, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, serta Sumatra Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan petani dan peneliti Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. Responden 46 petani diwawancarai untuk mendapatkan data usahatani pepaya MD dan pepaya varietas lain, serta lima peneliti untuk mendapatkan data investasi penelitian dan pengembangan. Data diolah menggunakan analisis usahatani dan penghitungan RoI. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan bersih petani MD selama 3 tahun sebesar Rp178.269.892,00 per 1.000 pohon, sedangkan petani non-MD memperoleh pendapatan sebesar Rp81.960.650,00 per 1.000 pohon. Sementara itu, nilai pengembalian investasi pepaya MD sebesar 3.074%, artinya setiap investasi Rp100,00 dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani sebesar Rp3.074,00. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa investasi pepaya MD sangat menguntungkan dan mampu meningkatkan pendapatan petani.KeywordsPendapatan; Pepaya Merah Delima; Petani; RoIAbstractPapaya Merah Delima (MD) is one of improved varieties developed by the Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). Previous studies indicated that papaya MD has been adopted at the farmers’ level. However, no information is available yet regarding the impacts of this IAARD’ investments to farmers’ income. This study was aimed at determining papaya MD contribution to increase farmers’ income and examining the RoI of producing papaya MD. Surveys were conducted in October - December 2019, in papaya producing provinces, i.e. West Java, Riau, Banten, Central Java, East Java, and West Sumatra. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 46 purposively selected farmers (farm data) and five researchers from the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (R & D data). Data were analyzed by using budget and RoI analysis. Results show that the net income of papaya MD farmers for the last three years is IDR 178,269,892 per 1,000 trees, while non-MD farmers obtain IDR 81,960,650 per 1,000 trees. The return on investment is 3.074%, meaning that each investment of IDR 100 could increase farmer’s income by IDR 3,074 which indicate that investment of developing papaya MD is financially feasible and profitable.
Peningkatan Hasil dan Kualitas Umbi Bawang Merah dengan Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Kambing di Tanah Regosol (Improving Shallot Bulb Yield and Quality with Goat Manure Application in Regosol Soils) Gina Aliya Sopha; Mathias Prathama; Ali Asgar
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p123-130

Abstract

Tanah Regosol mempunyai kadar bahan organik dan N-total yang tergolong sangat rendah sehingga penggunaan pupuk organik dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta meningkatkan hasil umbi bawang merah. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang kambing terhadap sifat kimia tanah Regosol dan hasil umbi bawang merah pada tanah tersebut. Percobaan pot dilakukan di rumah kaca di Kebun Percobaan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (BALITSA), Lembang, Jawa Barat pada bulan Maret – Juni 2015. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan tiga ulangan dan 11 perlakuan dosis pupuk kandang kambing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk kandang kambing meningkatkan C-organik, N-Kjeldahl tanah Regosol, dan meningkatkan serapan hara N dan K. Aplikasi pupuk kandang kambing juga berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan, berat kering tanaman, hasil, dan kualitas umbi bawang merah. Dosis rekomendasi pupuk kandang kambing di tanah Regosol adalah 3–13, 5 t/ha dengan peningkatan bobot kering eskip sebesar 17-52% dari kontrol, tanpa pupuk kandang kambing.  keywordsAllium cepa; Pupuk organik; Pemupukan; Hasil umbiAbstractRegosol soil has a low content of organic and nitrogen percentage, therefore the application of organic materials will improve physical and chemical soil characteristics and increase shallot bulb yield. This research aimed to investigate the effect of goat manure on chemical soil properties and shallot bulb yield in regosol soil. The pot study was conducted at IVEGRI Experimental Field in Lembang, West Java, from March to June 2015. The treatments were set up in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates and 11 doses of goat manure as treatments. The result showed that goat manure application significantly improved C-organic and N-Kjeldahl of regosol and increased the N and K uptake. Goat manure application enhanced shallot growth, shallot dry weight, bulb yield, and bulb quality. The optimal dose of goat manure was 3 to 13,5 t ha-1 that increased eskip dry bulb yield by 17-52% than control, without goat manure.
Evaluasi Karakteristik Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Asal Tanaman Anyelir pada Beberapa Tanaman Indikator [Evaluation of Carnation Mottle Virus (CarMV) Characteristics from Carnations in Several Indicator Plants] Intan Syafira; Lutfi Afifah; Nurcahyo Widyodaru Saputro; Erniawati Diningsih
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p167-176

Abstract

Anyelir merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan selain krisan dan mawar pada sektor agribisnis di Indonesia, namun produksi tanaman anyelir terus menurun sejak tahun 2015 hingga 2020, hal ini salah satunya disebabkan oleh serangan virus CarMV yang menginfeksi tanaman anyelir. Pengetahuan dasar mengenai suatu virus sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan pengendalian yang tepat untuk virus tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi sifat fisik dan sifat biologi CarMV. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Virologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias, Pacet, Cianjur, Jawa Barat (1.100 m dpl.), pada bulan Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2021. Metode yang digunakan, yaitu metode deskriptif untuk mengamati karakter fisik dan biologi Carnation mottle virus isolat Jawa Barat melalui uji sifat fisik virus (DEP, TIP, LIV) serta uji biologi melalui penularan secara mekanik pada tanaman indikator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Dilution End Point (DEP) CarMV 10-5, Thermal Inactivationt Point (TIP) 65°C, dan Longevity In Vitro (LIV) lebih dari 72 jam. Inokulasi CarMV secara mekanis pada tanaman indikator menyebabkan gejala sistemik pada Nicotiana benthamiana dan Ageratum conyzoides, sedangkan pada tanaman Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, dan N. clevelandii menunjukkan gejala lokal.KeywordsAnyelir; Carnation mottle virus (CarMV); RT-PCR; Sifat biologi; Sifat fisikAbstractCarnation is one of the mainstay commodities besides chrysanthemum and roses in the agribusiness sector in Indonesia, but carnation production continues to decline from 2015 to 2020, one of which is caused by the CarMV virus attack that infects carnation plants. Basic knowledge about a virus is needed to determine the right control for the virus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical and biological properties of CarMV. This research was conducted in the Virology Laboratory and Greenhouse, IOCRI, Pacet, Cianjur, West Java (1,100 m asl), from May to August 2021. The method used was a descriptive method to observe the physical and biological characters of Carnation mottle virus isolates from West Java by testing the physical properties of the virus (DEP, TIP, LIV) as well as biological tests through mechanical transmission on indicator plants. The results showed that the Dilution End Point (DEP) of CarMV was 10-5, the Thermal Inactivation Point (TIP) was 65°C, and the Longevity In Vitro (LIV) was more than 72 hours. Mechanical inoculation of CarMV in indicator plants caused systemic symptoms in Nicotiana benthamiana and Ageratum conyzoides, while Chenopodium amaranticolor, Cucumis sativus, Lycopersicon esculentum, and N. clevelandii plants showed local symptoms. 
Teknik Enkapsulasi dalam Upaya Konservasi Tanaman Hias Krisan (Chrysanthemums morifolium ramat) (Encapsulation Techniques in Conservation of Chrysanthemum morifolium ramat) Ronald Bunga Mayang; Resta Yanda Patma Yanda; Sri Rianawati; Suskandari Kartikaningrum; Fitri Rachmawati
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p147-156

Abstract

Konservasi tanaman krisan diperlukan agar sumber daya genetik krisan tetap terjaga kelestariannya. Salah satu upaya konservasi yang banyak diteliti akhir-akhir ini adalah konservasi dengan metode enkapsulasi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan komposisi pembuatan kapsul untuk enkapsulasi pada tanaman krisan dan mendapatkan teknik konservasi tanaman krisan dengan menggunakan penggabungan metode enkapsulasi dan zat retardan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium konservasi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias dari bulan Januari - Desember 2020. Penelitian menggunakan Krisan varietas Alisha dan Xavhia. Penelitian terdiri atas dua unit kegiatan. Kegiatan pertama bertujuan melihat pengaruh komposisi pembuatan kapsul dan sumber eksplan terhadap keberhasilan enkapsulasi pada tanaman krisan. Kegiatan kedua bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan retardan pada media enkapsulasi terhadap penyimpanan eksplan krisan. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Kegiatan pertama terdiri atas perlakuan kombinasi antara komposisi media dan bagian tanaman yang dijadikan sumber eksplan. Kegiatan kedua berupa penambahan retardan manitol dan paclobutrazol ke dalam matriks kapsul. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa matriks kapsul dengan komposisi 3% Alginat dalam media ½ MS lebih baik secara nyata sebagai media penyimpanan materi eksplan dibandingkan 3% Alginat dalam aquadesh. Berdasarkan respon waktu pertumbuhan, sebagai sumber eksplan pada kegiatan konservasi materi yang berasal dari ruas batang lebih baik dibandingkan dari tunas pucuk. Penambahan retardan mannitol 1,5% dan paclobutarzol 2 ppm belum dapat menekan pertumbuhan eksplan dalam matriks kapsul. Pada varietas Alisha, penambahan retardan manitol 1,5% dapat mempertahankan kesegaran dan daya regenerasi eksplan hingga 7 bulan. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi awal untuk kegiatan konservasi krisan dengan teknik enkapsulasi krisan yang digabungkan dengan penambahan retardan mannitol dan paclobutrazol.KeywordsKonservasi in vitro; Chrysanthemums; EnkapsulasiAbstractChrysanthemum plant conservation is needed to maintain genetic resources preservation of chrysanthemum. One of the conservation efforts that has been widely researched recently is conservation using the encapsulation method. The aim of the study was to obtain the composition of capsules for encapsulation in chrysanthemum plants and to obtain chrysanthemum conservation techniques using a combination of encapsulation methods and retardant substances. The research was carried out in the Conservation Laboratory of the Ornamental Plants Research Institute from January to December 2020. The research material used Alisha and Xavhia chrysanthemum varieties. The research consisted of two activity units. The first activity aimed to see the effect of the composition of capsules and explant sources on the success of encapsulation in chrysanthemum plants. The second activity aimed to see the effect of retardant added to the encapsulation media on the preservation of chrysanthemum explants. The study used a Completely Randomized Design. The first activity consisted of a combination treatment between the composition of the media and the plant parts used as a source of explants. The second activity was the addition of retardant mannitol and paclobutrazol into the capsule matrix. The results showed that the capsule matrix with a composition of 3% Alginate in ½ MS media was significantly better as a storage medium for explants than 3% Alginate in aquadesh. Based on the response of growth time, as a source of explants in conservation activities, material derived from stem segments is better than shoots. The addition of retardant mannitol 1.5% and paclobutarzol 2 ppm could not suppress the growth of explants in the capsule matrix. In Alisha variety, the addition of 1.5% mannitol retardant was able to maintain the freshness and regeneration of explants for up to 7 months. This study provides preliminary information for chrysanthemum conservation activities with chrysanthemum encapsulation technique combined with the addition of the retardant mannitol and paclobutrazole.
Front Mather Witono Adiyoga
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

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Abstract

Pengaruh Habitat dan Cara Pengendalian Hama terhadap Populasi dan Intensitas Serangan Tungau Karat Jeruk (Phyllocoptruta oleivora) Rudi Cahyo Wicaksono; Gatot Mudjiono; Akhmad Rizali; nFN Harwanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 31, No 2 (2021): Desember 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v31n2.2021.p177-184

Abstract

[The Effect of Habitat and Pest Control Methods on the Population and Intensity of Attacks of Citrus Rust Mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora)]Habitat di sekitar lahan dan cara pengendalian hama dapat berpengaruh terhadap populasi dan intensitas serangan hama tungau karat jeruk Phyllopcoptruta oleivora (Ashmead). Tujuan penelitian adalah mempelajari kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan hama tungau karat jeruk pada kondisi habitat di sekitar lahan dan cara pengendalian hama tanaman jeruk berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan pada 16 lahan jeruk milik petani yang tersebar pada tiga Kecamatan di Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur. Di setiap lahan ditentukan plot pengamatan berukuran 1.200 m2 dan setiap plot dipilih 10 tanaman jeruk secara purposive sampling untuk diamati kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan hama. Hasil penelitian diperoleh kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan tungau P. oleivora yang berbeda pada kondisi habitat berbeda. Kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan hama tungau pada habitat sekitar kebun jeruk (7,53 ekor dan 8,76 % per buah) lebih rendah dibanding pada habitat lain. Kondisi habitat sekitar lahan dapat merespon kemampuan hama untuk mempertahankan hidup dan bereproduksi. Pengendalian hama berdasarkan monitoring memengaruhi kepadatan populasi dan intensitas serangan hama tungau karat jeruk (4,82 ekor dan 5,45 % per buah). Manajemen habitat sekitar lahan pertanian dan cara pengendalian hama merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan sebagai upaya strategi preventif dalam pencegahan serangan hama tungau P. oleivora.KeywordsJeruk; Habitat; Monitoring; Phyllopcoptruta oleivoraAbstractHabitat of the land and pest control methods can affect the population and intensity of attack by the citrus rust mite Phyllopcoptruta oleivora (Ashmead). The purpose of the study was to study was to know the population density and intensity of citrus rust mite attacks in habitat conditions around the land and different methods of controlling citrus pests. The study was conducted on 16 citrus farms owned by farmers spread over three Subdistricts in Malang Regency, East Java. Each plot of land was determined with a size of 1,200 m2 and 10 citrus plants were selected by purposive sampling for each plot to observe population density and pest attack intensity. The results showed that the population density and intensity of attack of P. oleivora mites were different in different habitat conditions. Population density and intensity of mite infestation in habitats around citrus gardens (7.53 individuals and 8.76% per fruit) were lower than in other habitats. Habitat conditions around the land can respond to the ability of pests to survive and reproduce. Pest control based on monitoring affects population density and intensity of attack of citrus rust mites (4.82 individuals and 5.45% per fruit). Habitat management around agricultural land and pest control methods are important things to do as a preventive strategy in preventing P. oleivora mite attacks. 

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