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INDONESIA
Jurnal AgroBiogen
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 19071094     EISSN : 25491547     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal AgroBiogen memuat artikel primer dan sekunder hasil penelitian bioteknologi dan sumberdaya genetik tanaman, serangga, dan mikroba pertanian. Jurnal ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Oktober oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober" : 6 Documents clear
In Vitro Culture Manipulation on Pruatjan for Secondary Metabolite Production Ika Roostika; Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih; Ireng Darwati; Ika Mariska
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p55-59

Abstract

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk. atau Pimpinellaalpina KDS.) adalah tanaman obat langka yang dapat dimanfaatkansebagai bahan obat afrodisik, diuretik, dan tonik.Kultur in vitro tidak hanya dapat digunakan untuk konservasidan perbanyakan tanaman, melainkan dapat juga diterapkanuntuk produksi metabolit sekunder. Melalui teknik ini,produksi metabolit sekunder tidak bergantung kepada sumbertanaman di lapang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuanuntuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol melalui kultur invitro dengan menggunakan prekursor asam mevalonat. Penelitiandibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu induksi kalus danmanipulasi kultur in vitro untuk meningkatkan kadar stigmasterol.Pada tahap induksi kalus, terdapat 16 perlakuan yangmerupakan kombinasi perlakuan 2,4-D dan piklorammasing-masing pada taraf 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; dan 2,0 ppm. Untukmeningkatkan kadar stigmasterol, digunakan asam mevalonatpada taraf 0, 250, 500, dan 750 ppm dengan masa inkubasiselama 4 dan 6 minggu. Kandungan stigmasterol dianalisismenggunakan GC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa media P2 (DKW + 2,4-D 0,5 ppm + pikloram 1,0ppm) adalah media terbaik untuk induksi kalus. Eksplan daunlebih baik daripada eksplan petiol. Hasil analisis GC-MSmenunjukkan bahwa kandungan stigmasterol tertinggi(0,0356 ppm) diperoleh dari kalus dengan masa inkubasi 4minggu pada media dengan penambahan asam mevalonat250 ppm. Peningkatan taraf asam mevalonat tidak mampumeningkatkan kandungan stigmasterol. Kadar tersebut miripdengan kandungan stigmasterol pada planlet dari GunungPutri (0,0365 ppm) dan Dieng (0,0414 ppm). Dibandingkandengan kadarnya dalam akar tanaman dari lapang, kandungantersebut sekitar 10-100 kali lipat lebih tinggi.
Pengaruh Hormon Asam Indol Asetat yang Dihasilkan Azospirillum sp. terhadap Perkembangan Akar Padi Puji Lestari; Dwi N. Susilowati; Eny I. Riyanti
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p66-72

Abstract

Free-living bacteria of thegenus Azospirillum live in close association with rice roots.This bacteria produced indole acetic acid (IAA), a plantgrowth hormon, to the environment. IAA was isolated fromcultures of Azospirillum strains and investigated for its effecton root development and plant height of rice variety IR64 invitro. Rice cultures of variety IR64 were grown in vitro andinoculated with cultures of Azospirilllum. Production of IAAby the bacterium during its growth period in rice culture mediumcontaining different levels of nitrogen was observed.Results of the experiment showed that strains AzospirillumAz15 and Az44 had a high ability to produce IAA, i.e., 57.93μg/ml at 12 days after incubation (DAI) and 40.42 μg/ml at 7DAI, respectively. The IAA production pattern of AzospirillumAz15 and Az44 in the liquid medium were fluctuativeuntil the end of the incubation period, while that of the strainAz7 was linier. Strain Az7 gave a better effect on the rootdevelopment and plant height than strains Az15 and Az44.Treatment combination of strain Az7 and 100% nitrogen gavehighest root development. High level of nitrogen increasedIAA content in the uninoculated culture, while low IAAcontent on the inoculated one. Inoculation the culture withstrain Az7 together with 50% nitrogen application resulted inthe IAA content, root dry weight, root length, fiber root number,and plant height as high as those on cultures containing100% nitrogen (1 mM NH4NO3) without inoculation. Inoculationof rice culture with Azospirillum is expected to reducenitrogen application on rice IR64 by the IAA production asindicated by significant changes in the root growth anddevelopment. A higher concentrations of IAA tend to givebetter effects on the root growth and development of riceIR64.
Regenerasi Pepaya melalui Kultur In Vitro Diani Damayanti; Sudarsono Sudarsono; Ika Mariska; M. Herman
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p49-54

Abstract

A study was conducted in the Indonesian Center forAgricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Researchand Development to optimize papaya regeneration systemsthrough in vitro culture. Four steps were done, i.e., callusinduction, callus regeneration, root formation, and acclimatization.Explant materials used were immature embryos ofpapaya cv. Burung. Immature papaya embryos were culturedon different media. The best medium for embryogeniccallus development was ½ MS + 10 mg/l 2.4-D + 60% sucrose+ 143 mg/l adenine sulphate + 50 mg/l myo inositol +400 mg/l glutamine, while that for callus embryo regenerationwas MS + 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.1 mg/l kinetin + Morel andWetmore Vitamin. Using this medium, the average of shootformation was three shoots per explant of embriogeniccallus, and the percentage of regenerated callus was 80%.The color of shoot derived from this treatment was green.Eighty percent of plants formed a complete root developmentusing ½ MS + 0.5 mg/l paclobutrazol media. Media hullof rice and compost was the best medium for papaya plantacclimatization. The percentage of survival on that acclimatizationstep was 65%.
Sebelas Tahun Perkembangan Jagung Bt dan Statusnya secara Global M. Herman
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p73-79

Abstract

Major insect pests of corn are the Asiancorn borer, the European corn borer, and the corn rootworm. The value of crop losses due to the insect pests inAmerica is $2.6 billion, Asia $1.6 billion, Africa $0.8 billion,and Europe $0.6 billion. Prior to the use of Bt corn, farmersused a lot of insecticides to control the insect pests.Following introduction of the Bt corn in 1996, this crop hasbeen grown over 21 million hectares by millions of farmersfrom 13 countries in North America, Latin America, Asia,Africa and Europe. Globally, the farmers had been benefitedby grownt the Bt corn. The benefits varies, dependent oncountries and level of the corn borer infestations. In 2001,the US farmers gained $125 million benefit from growing thecrop. In 2002, farmers in Spain gained 11-15 million benefitfrom the Bt corn alone. During the period of 2003-2005, cornfarmers in the Philippines gained $8 million from the Bt corn.Bt corn has not been grown commercially in Indonesia,although Bt corn MON810 has been declared as save torelease in the environment by the Indonesian BiosafetyCommittee. In 2001-2002, farmers in South Sulawesi withhad grown Bt cotton, this was the first time Bt crop in thecountry since the placement and implementation of thebiosafety regulation by the Indonesian Government in 1998.
Kriopreservasi untuk Konservasi Plasma Nutfah Tanaman: Peluang Pemanfaatannya di Indonesia Semuel Leunufna
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p80-88

Abstract

Increasing rate of plant germplasm lost inIndonesia has promoted the implementation of variousmethods for their conservation. Cryopreservation is a techniqueapplicable for a long-term preservation (base collection)of plants possessing non-orthodox (recalcitrant andsemi-recalcitrant) seeds and those propagated vegetatively.The technique can be used as an alternative method fororthodox seed plants preservation in the ex situ conservationsystem. Although field and in vitro collection methods canbe applied for the non-orthodox seed plants, a number ofdisadvantages possesed by these methods, especially in thetropics or the developing countries, deny their use for theestablishment of a long-term germplasm collection. Successfulimplementation of the cryopreservation technique issupported by the development of protocols, which are ableto provide a high recovery rate for species understudy, usingvitrification based methods which are simple, economical,applicable to complex organs, and able to implement a highnumber of explants per experiment. The availability of infrastructuresincluding in vitro culture laboratories, continuesupply of liquid nitrogen is highly supporting the use ofcryopreservation technique in Indonesia.
Teknik Isolasi dan Kultur Protoplas Tanaman Padi Deden Sukmadjaja; Novianti Sunarlim; Endang G. Lestari; Ika Roostika; Tintin Suharlini
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 2 (2007): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n2.2007.p60-65

Abstract

Protoplastfusion or somatic hybridization technology is an alternativetechnology for production hybrids of plants that are difficultto be produced by conventional methods due to their sexualincompatibility. An experiment was conducted to developtechniques for isolation, purification, and culture of riceprotoplasts of cultivar IR64 and a wild rice species (Oryzaofficinalis). Optimization of protoplast isolation and purificationmethods from both rice genotypes were successfullydone. The highest protoplast density was obtained bydigesting embryonic callus or stems of young seedling in anenzyme solution containing of 2% cellulose, 0.1% pectolyase,0.5% macerozyme, 0.5% driselase, 5 mM ES, and 13% mannitolin CPW solution. The protoplast digestion was done forthree hours by soaking in the enzyme solution followed byshaking at 50 rpm under a room temperature. Purification ofthe protoplasts were done by separating them from plantdebris using a 25% sucrose solution. Protoplast regenerationwas not successful using although different media compositionsand conditions. Growth process from cell division tocell aggregate was only successful on IR64 protoplast cultureon a medium that contained AgNO3.

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