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Buletin Plasma Nutfah
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 14104377     EISSN : 25491393     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
Buletin Plasma Nutfah (BPN) is an open access scientific journal published by The Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. This peer-refereed journal covering the area of genetic resources including exploration, characterization, evaluation, conservation, diversity, traditional knowledge, management and policy / regulation, of all kinds of genetic resources: plants, animals, fishes, insects and microbes. Manuscripts submitted to this journal are those that have never been published in other journals. This journal is published in one volume of two issues per year (June and December). We invite authors to submit the manuscripts to this journal in English or Indonesian. Detail information about the journal, including author guidelines and manuscript template, is available on the website (http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bpn). The manuscript should be submitted electronically through our submission system. Buletin Plasma Nutfah (BPN) is an open access scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD), Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD), Ministry of Agriculture. BPN Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education of the Republic of Indonesia (No. 21/E/KPTP/2018) for period of 2016-2020. This peer-refereed journal covers the area of genetic resources including exploration, characterization, evaluation, conservation, diversity, traditional knowledge, management and policy / regulation related to genetic resources: plants, animals, fishes, insects and microbes which has never been published in other Journal
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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2006)" : 7 Documents clear
Multiplikasi Tunas Belimbing Dewi (Averrhoa carambola) melalui Kultur In Vitro Yati Supriyati; Ika Mariska; nFN Mujiman
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p50-55

Abstract

Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) is one of tropical fruits which had a high content of vitamin C, which was higher than that in apple and grape. As fresh consumption, star fruit had a good role in decreasing human blood pressure. Main constraints of star fruit development weather for conservation purpose and or for cultivation were still limited due to lack of seedlings availability. In vitro culture technique was one of the altrnative technologies capable of producing seedlings in a large quantity, uniform growth and relatively in a short period. One of the important keys in micropropagation work was the step of shoot initiation and multiplication. In this study we used two kind of explant, namely shoot with single node and shoot from germinated embrio. Experiment I, shoot with single node and shoot from germinated embrio were planted at WPM media + citric acid 100 mg/l. The next activities was focused on single node shoots which was subcultured at WPM + BAP 0.5 mg/l. In experiment II in vitro shoots from previous experiment was subcultured at WPM + BA (1 and 2 mg/l) + thidiazuron (0.1 and 0.2 mg/l). To stimulate shoot multiplication rate, shoot was subcultured at WPM or MS media in combination with IAA 0.5 mg/l and zeatin 2 mg/l. To improve vigourity of the plant, in vitro shoots resulted from multiplication media was planted at WPM or MS media containing paclobutrazol (0.4 and 0.8 mg/l) + BA 2 mg/l + thidiazuron 0.2 mg/l. Result showed that the use of single node shoot as an explant better than shoot comes from germinated embrio. Sub culture of star fruit shoot on WPM basal media containing BAP of 0.5 mg/l produce the shoot number about 4, and the shoot number could be increased until 18 by using IAA 0.5 mg and zeatin 2 mg/l. The treatment of schock temperature at 4-5oC during 4 days before planting could fasten shoot initiation time from 3 months to 1 months. An addition of 0.4 mg/l paclobutrazol on MS or WPM media containing 2 mg/l BA and 0.2 mg/l thidiazuron could improve vigourity of plantlet. AbstrakBelimbing (Averrhoa carambola) merupakan tanaman buah tropik yang mengandung vitamin C lebih tinggi daripada apel dan anggur. Buah belimbing segar sangat berguna untuk menurunkan tekanan darah. Pengembangan tanaman ini untuk keperluan budi daya ataupun untuk tujuan konservasi masih belum optimal karena terbatasnya bibit. Teknik kultur jaringan merupakan alternatif teknologi yang mampu menyediakan bibit secara massal, seragam, dan relatif cepat. Salah satu tahap yang harus ditempuh dalam perbanyakan bibit melalui kultur jaringan adalah multiplikasi tunas yang menjadi kunci dalam keberhasilan teknik perbanyakan ini. Percobaan terdiri atas beberapa kegiatan menggunakan dua jenis eksplan, yaitu tunas dengan nodus tunggal dan tunas dari perkecambahan embrio. Pada percobaan I eksplan tunas dengan nodus tunggal ditanam pada media WPM + asam sitrat 100 mg/l kemudian disubkultur pada media WPM + BAP 0,5 mg/l. Pada percobaan II, tunas in vitro disubkultur kembali pada media WPM + BA (1 dan 2 mg/l) + thidiazuron 0,1 dan 0,2 mg/l). Untuk lebih memacu tingkat pertunasan dilakukan subkultur kembali pada media WPM atau MS yang ditambah dengan IAA 0,5 mg/l dan zeatin 2 mg/l. Untuk meningkatkan ketegaran, tunas hasil multiplikasi ditanam pada media WPM atau MS + BA 2 mg/l + thidiazuron 0,2 mg/l dan paclobutrazol (0; 0,4; dan 0,8 mg/l). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan eksplan tunas dengan nodus tunggal lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tunas yang berasal dari perkecambahan embrio. Subkultur yang dilakukan pada media WPM yang mengandung 0,5 mg/l BAP dapat menginisiasi dan menghasilkan rata-rata empat tunas. Subkultur tunas belimbing pada media MS + IAA 0,5 mg/l + zeatin 2 mg/l dapat memacu pembentukan tunas yang banyak, mencapai 18 buah. Penambahan paclobutrazol 0,4 mg/l ke dalam media MS atau WPM yang telah mengandung BA 2 mg/l dan thidiazuron 0,2 mg/l dapat memperbaiki ketegaran biakan.
Diversity of Pangasiid Catfishes From Sumatra Rudhy Gustiano; Laurent Pouyaud
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p83-88

Abstract

One of the utmost importance catfish group for fisheries and aquaculture in Southeast Asia is pangasiids. The main constrain to cultivate wild species and optimize the production of cultured species was due to the poorly documented of the genetic resources. In the current study, it presents the diversity of pangasiids catfishes from Sumatra. Nine hundreds and ninety nine specimens formed the core of the material examined during this study. On each specimen, 35 point to point measurement, covering the possible variation of the body conformation were taken using dial calipers. Data were subjected to principal component analysis. Data analysis consisted in characterizing groups from scatter plots between pairs of structuring characters for subsequent use in generic identifycation keys. Four genera with seven species exist in four main rivers, Indragiri; Batang Hari; Musi; Way Rarem, in Sumatra. They are Helicophagus typus, H. Waandersii, Pteropangasius micronemus, Pangasius polyuranodon, P kunyit, P. djamba,l and P. nasutus. The diagnosis of the species, identification key, distribution and ecology were given. AbstrakSalah satu group catfish (ikan berkumis) penting untuk perikanan tangkap dan budi daya di Asia Tenggara adalah famili Pangasiidae. Kendala utama untuk membudidayakan spesies dari alam dan meningkatkan produksi ikan budi daya adalah kurangnya informasi tentang plasma nutfah. Studi yang dilakukan menyajikan keragaman pangasius catfish dari Sumatra. Sejumlah 999 spesimen digunakan sebagai bahan uji. Pada setiap spesimen dilakukan 35 pengukuran menggunakan jangka sorong untuk menggambarkan keragaman bentuk tubuh. Data diuji dengan principal component analysis. Analisis data terdiri dari karakterisasi group menggunakan sebaran data antara pasangan-pasangan karakter pengukuran untuk menghasilkan kunci identifikasi. Empat genera dengan 7 spesies didapatkan dari 4 sungai utama (Indragiri, Batang Hari, Musi, dan Way Rarem) di Sumatra. Spesies-spesies tersebut adalah Helicophagus typus, H. waandersii, Pteropangasius micronemus, Pangasius polyuranodon, P. kunyit, P. djambal, dan P. nasutus. Diagnosis dari spesies-spesies tersebut, kunci identifikasi, distribusi, dan ekologi dipaparkan dalam makalah ini.
Potensi dan Wilayah Pengembangan Kesemek Junggo nFN Baswarsiati; nFN Suhardi; D. Rahmawati
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p56-61

Abstract

Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.) was one of the local specific horticulture products in high land. Junggo persimmon has attractive appearance of the ripe fruit with orange to red colour. The size of fruit was 200-300 g, sweet taste, enough water and crispy. Astringent taste could be elimated by fruit treatments. The vase life of fruit was 14 days, productivity was 400-500 kg/trees/years. Persimmon was originated of subtropical region of China and Japan. In Java persimmon was planted in high land at 1000 m up to 1500 m above sea level with high rainfall. The Junggo persimmon had good market and had been exported to Singapore about 30-40 ton/seasons. The consumers prefer persimmon fruit from Junggo than from other areas of Java. AbstrakSalah satu produk hortikultura spesifik lokasi yang tumbuh di dataran tinggi Batu adalah kesemek atau persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.). Kesemek Junggo memiliki beberapa keunggulan, terutama penampilan buahnya yang sangat menarik, berwarna oranye bila telah masak optimal. Bila sudah matang, buah berwarna merah seperti tomat dan lunak. Ukuran buah besar, 200-300 g/buah, rasa buah manis-kelat, kandungan air cukup, buah optimal rasanya renyah, daya simpan buah lebih dari 14 hari. Rasa kelat atau sepat dapat dihilangkan dengan beberapa cara. Produktivitas kesemek 400-500 kg/pohon/tahun, berbuah hanya sekali setahun dari tanaman yang rata-rata sudah tua. Kesemek berasal dari Cina dan Jepang, banyak dijumpai di daerah subtropik dan dataran tinggi daerah tropik. Di daerah tropik umumnya dijumpai pada ketinggian di atas 1000 m dpl. Di Jawa, tanaman kesemek tumbuh baik pada ketinggian 1000-1500 m dpl dengan curah hujan tinggi. Kesemek menyukai daerah beriklim sejuk dan lembab. Kesemek asal Junggo-Batu sejak tahun 1983 telah diekspor ke Singapura. Potensi dan volume ekspor buah kesemek asal Junggo-Batu yang diperoleh dari satu dusun Junggo berkisar antara 30-40 t/ musim. Menurut eksportir, buah kesemek asal Junggo-Batu lebih disukai oleh konsumen Singapura dibandingkan dengan buah kesemek dari daerah lain di Jawa karena rasanya lebih manis, renyah, kandungan air banyak, buah berukuran besar, dan berwarna merah-jingga menarik.
Isolasi Protoplas Tanaman Kacang Panjang secara Enzimatis Imron Riyadi
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p62-68

Abstract

The technique, kind and concentration of enzyme that were appro-priate and optimum affected the isolation process and rendement result of plant protoplasts. A research was conducted to enhance the protoplast rendements of long bean (Vigna sinensis, L.) that was isolated by enzyme Cellulase RS and Macerozyme R-10 as single and combination in a solution. Concentrations of enzyme were used as much as 2.0-3.0% w/v for Cellulase RS and 0.4-0.6% w/v for Macerozyme R-10. Those solutions contain mannitol 25 mM as osmotycum. Isolation process was done on shaker with 50 rpm (rotation per minute) speed in dark room for 3 hours. Results show that C3 treatment (concentration of Cellulase RS enzyme as much as 3.0% w/v) yielded protoplasts density 17.40 x 105 protoplasts/ g fresh weight of mesophyl and M2 treatment (concentration of Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as much as 0.5% w/v) resulted 17.46 x 105 protoplasts/g. As a whole, the best treat-ment was achieved by C2M2 (combination between Cellulase RS as much as 2.5% and Macerozyme R-10 enzyme as much as 0.5% w/v) which resulted protoplasts density 32.67 x 105 protoplasts/g fresh weight of mesophyl AbstrakTeknik, jenis, dan konsentrasi enzim yang tepat dan optimum berpengaruh dalam proses isolasi dan hasil rendemen protoplas tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan rendemen protoplas kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) yang diisolasi dengan enzim Cellulase RS dan Macerozyme R-10 secara individu dan penggabungan dua enzim dalam satu larutan. Konsentrasi enzim yang digunakan adalah 2,0-3,0% b/v untuk Cellulase RS dan 0,4-0,6% b/v untuk Macerozyme R-10. Zat osmotikum yang digunakan adalah mannitol 25 mM. Proses isolasi dilakukan di atas gyotoric shaker dengan kecepatan 50 ppm (putaran per menit) dalam kondisi gelap selama 3 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C3 (konsentrasi enzim Cellulase RS 3,0% b/v) menghasilkan densitas 17,40 x 105 protoplas/g dan perlakuan M2 (konsentrasi enzim Macerozyme R-10 0,5% b/v) menghasilkan densitas 17,46 x 105 protoplas/g berat segar mesofil daun. Secara keseluruhan, perlakuan terbaik dicapai oleh C2M2 (konsentrasi enzim Cellulase RS 2,5% dan enzim Macerozyme R-10 0,5% b/v) yang menghasilkan densitas 32,67 x 105 protoplas/g berat segar mesofil daun.
Kajian Ekologi dan Potensi Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia Jack.) di Kelompok Hutan Sungai Manna-Sungai Nasal, Bengkulu N. M. Heriyanto; Reny Sawitri; Endro Subiandono
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p69-75

Abstract

The study indicated that 88 species found belonged to 29 families. The predominant species was Shorea parvifolia (meranti) and Dipterocarpus costulatus (keruing). The highest dominance value belonged to second transect (0,0998) and the lowest dominant value was the fourth transect (0,0526). The highest diversity index value belonged to fifth transect (2,28) and the lowest of diversity index value was fourth transect (1,41). The abundance of pasak bumi was different in transect, for trees level it was 2 individuals/ha (first transect and third transect), however, in the second, fourth and fifth transect were none. For belta level, it was 10 individuals/ha (the first transect), 20 individuals/ha (the third transect) and 20 individuals/ ha (the fifth transect), while in the second and fourth transect were none. For seedling level it was 280 individuals/ ha (the third transect), 60 individuals/ha (the fourth transect) and 100 individuals/ha (the fifth transect), while in the first and the second were none. This intolerant species was adapted in slope and dry areas. The rarity of pasak bumi was not affecting local people because they were seldom used for traditional medicine. AbstrakDari hasil penelitian dijumpai 88 jenis tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam 29 famili. Jenis tumbuhan yang mendominasi tegakan adalah Shorea parvifolia (meranti) dan Dipterocarpus costulatus (keruing). Nilai dominansi tertinggi tingkat pohon dimiliki oleh jalur II (0,0998) dan terendah pada jalur IV (0,0526). Nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis tertinggi di tingkat ini dimiliki oleh jalur V (2,28) dan terendah pada jalur IV (1,41). Kelimpahan pasak bumi pada setiap jalur berbeda-beda, untuk tingkat pohon adalah 2 pohon/ha pada jalur I dan jalur III. Pada jalur II, IV, dan V tidak dijumpai jenis pohon pasak bumi. Pada tingkat belta dijumpai 10 individu/ha pada jalur I, 20 individu/ha pada jalur III, dan 20 individu/ha pada jalur V. Pada jalur II dan IV tidak dijumpai jenis pasak bumi. Pada tingkat semai dijumpai 280 individu/ha pada jalur III, 60 individu/ ha pada jalur IV, dan jalur V memiliki kelimpahan 100 individu/ha. Pada jalur I dan II tidak dijumpai jenis pasak bumi. Tempat tumbuh yang disukai oleh pasak bumi adalah tanah miring dan tidak pernah tergenang air. Tumbuhan muda tidak toleran pada cahaya langsung. Ancaman terhadap kelangkaan pasak bumi di Bengkulu tidak terlalu merisaukan karena masyarakat setempat jarang yang memanfaatkannya untuk obat tradisional. 
Karakteristik Empat Aksesi Nilam Yang Nuryani
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p45-49

Abstract

Characterization of four accessions of patchouli was conducted to obtain the information of characteristics to be utilized for future breeding program. The experiment was conducted in three locations namely Ciamis, Cimanggu, and Sukamulya. Four accessions of patchouli namely 0003, 0007, 0012, and 0013 were tested in a randomized block design with five replications, plant spacing of 100 x 50 cm, and 100 plants/plot. The plant were first harvested six month after planting and the 2nd harvested four months after the 1st harvested. The observation were made before the first harvested on morphological characters, production, oil content, and oil quality. The result showed that some of morphological characters such as plant height, accessions of primary and secondary branches, length of primary and secondary branches, length and widh of leaf as weel as numbers of leaves on primary branches on accession of 0012 were higher than that of another three accessions. The highest production of dry terna (13,278 t/ha) and patchouli alcohol content (33,3%) was observed on accession 0012, while the highest oil content (3,2%) on accession 0007. The main morphological characters that can be used to identify those accessions of patchouli was the colour of stem, accessions 0012 was green with slight purple, 0003 and 0007 more purple, and 0012 dark purple. AbstrakKarakteriasi empat aksesi nilam bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakter nilam dan pemanfaatannya dalam pemuliaan tanaman di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga lokasi, yaitu Ciamis, Cimanggu, dan Sukamulya. Aksesi 0003, 0007, 0012, dan 0013 dikarakterisasi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan lima ulangan, jarak tanam 100 x 50 cm, 100 tanaman per petak. Panen pertama dilakukan pada umur 6 bulan dan panen kedua 4 bulan setelah panen pertama. Pengamatan dilakukan sebelum panen pertama. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, hasil, kadar, dan mutu minyak, serta ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang primer/ sekunder, panjang cabang primer/sekunder, panjang dan lebar daun, dan jumlah daun per cabang primer aksesi 0012 lebih tinggi daripada ketiga aksesi lainnya. Produktivitas terna kering (13,278 t/ha) dan kadar patchouli alkohol (33,3%) tertinggi diberikan oleh aksesi 0012, sedangkan kadar minyak tertinggi (3,2%) ditunjukkan oleh aksesi 0007. Karakter morfologi yang membedakan aksesi-aksesi tersebut terutama adalah warna batang tua. Aksesi 0012 memiliki batang tua berwarna hijau dengan sedikit ungu, sementara aksesi 0003 dan aksesi 0007 lebih ungu dan aksesi 0012 paling ungu.
Pengaruh Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi terhadap Keragaman Jenis Plasma Nutfah Perairan Reny Sawitri; Sofian Iskandar
Buletin Plasma Nutfah Vol 12, No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/blpn.v12n2.2006.p76-82

Abstract

Management of forest production by application of Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) created crown opening by 13.3%, which was smaller compared with Conventional Logging (CNV) that caused crown opening by19.2%, and provided significant influence to water biodiversity. Availability of nutrient and essential minerals was better in RIL that was supported by high soluble residual or 95% higher and low velocity of river flow or 50% of surrounding CNV water. This physical condition showed significant difference to N and P ratio (N/P ratio) in RIL and CNV or 77.5 and 51.3. These values showed high content of nitrate of the water and it was in oligotropic type condition. Diversity Index of plankton in RIL was 1.754 and in CNV was 1.682 with each population density was 12,916 and 7,222 individuals/liter. The number of plankton had possitive correlation with N/P ratio (r = 0.9). In water catchment study area, there were found 28 fish species belonged to 20 genera and 8 families. The dominance families were Cyprinidae 57.14%, Bagridae 17.14%, and Anguillidae 7.14%. Most endemic fish species of Borneo were also found in both RIL and CNV water, however species with high relative frequency and density were found higher in RIL water. AbstrakPengelolaan hutan produksi dengan model penebangan Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) membuat pembukaan tajuk seluas 13,3% yang relatif lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan penebangan konvensional (CNV) dengan pembukaan tajuk seluas 19,2%, memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap keanekaragaman hayati perairan. Ketersediaan nutrisi dan hara penting yang lebih baik di perairan kawasan RIL ditunjang oleh tingginya residu terlarut 95% dan rendahnya kecepatan aliran air sungai 50% dari perairan sekitar CNV. Kondisi fisik perairan yang demikian menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap perbandingan nitrat dan fosfat (N/P rasio) di RIL dan CNV, yaitu 77,5 dan 51,3. Nilai ini menunjukkan kadar nitrat perairan yang tinggi, dan perairan berada dalam tipe oligotropic. Indeks keragaman jenis plankton di RIL 1,754 dan di CNV 1,682 dengan populasi masing-masing 12.916 individu/liter dan 7.222 individu/ liter. Jumlah plankton ini berkorelasi positif dengan N/P rasio (r = 0,9). Di perairan sekitar DAS areal penelitian terdapat 28 jenis ikan tergolong kedalam 20 genera dan 8 famili. Famili dominan adalah Cyprinidae 57,14%, Bagridae 17,14%, dan Anguillidae 7,14%. Sebagian besar ikan jenis endemik Kalimantan terdapat pula di kedua perairan RIL dan CNV, tetapi jenis yang mempunyai kerapatan dan frekuensi relatif tinggi ditemukan lebih banyak di perairan RIL.

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