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Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (Indonesian Journal of Animal Science)
Published by Universitas Brawijaya
ISSN : 08523681     EISSN : 24430765     DOI : 10.21776/ub.jiip
Core Subject : Education,
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Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan (JIIP) is a journal published and managed by the Faculty of Animal Husbandry Universitas Brawijaya. JIIP is a peer-reviewed journal published three times a year. JIIP now actively using Open Journal System (OJS). JIIP mediates the dissemination of researchers various disciplines of animal science, such as animal feed and nutrition; animal reproduction, genetics, and production; social and economic; and animal products science and technology.
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Articles 507 Documents
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Economic Assessment of Quality-Related Revenue Loss in a Closed-House Layer System: An Opportunity Cost Analysis Wahidiyah, Synta Nur; Huang, Wen Chi; Prafitri, Rizki; Nuningtyas, Yuli Frita
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.01.5

Abstract

This study evaluates the technical performance and economic implications of egg quality degradation in a closed-house layer system at UB Teaching Farm, Indonesia, across three production cycles (2020–2024). While automated systems are designed to optimize efficiency, hidden revenue leakage due to quality attrition is frequently overlooked in traditional financial analyses. Weekly production records were analyzed to quantify degraded egg rates and financial attrition using an opportunity cost framework. Differences in quality-related attrition across production cycles were evaluated using One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The research quantified revenue loss resulting from the price disparity between Grade A eggs and abnormal (cracked/damaged) eggs. Results showed a total cumulative volume of 2,473 kg of abnormal eggs across the three cycles. Due to a contractual price agreement that limited the price gap to IDR 1,000/kg, the total cumulative revenue loss was contained at IDR 2,488,300. Economically, the study identified a cumulative revenue loss (P<0.05). Although physical attrition is below the 1% threshold, this loss represents a direct reduction in net profit margins and is equivalent to the cost of approximately 355 kg of high-quality layer feed. This study concludes that sustainable poultry management in closed-house systems requires not only advanced technology but also rigorous mechanical maintenance and data-driven interventions to mitigate quality-related financial leakage.
Principal Component Analysis of Morphometric Traits and Their Association With Body Weight in Indigenous Kacang Goats of Binongko Island, Southeast Sulawesi Rahadi, Syam; Irawati; Sandiah, Natsir; Rusdin, Muh.
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.01.15

Abstract

Kacang goats represent one of Indonesia’s native genetic livestock resources and are widely recognized for their ability to thrive in harsh tropical conditions. Understanding body conformation traits and their association with live weight is important for improving breeding strategies and herd management. This research was conducted to describe the morphometric characteristics of adult Kacang goats reared on Binongko Island, Southeast Sulawesi, examine the association between body dimensions and body weight, formulate body weight prediction equations, and determine major sources of phenotypic variation through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 259 adult Kacang goats, comprising 117 bucks and 142 does, maintained under extensive production systems, were evaluated. Measurements recorded included body weight (BW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), chest girth (CG), chest depth (CD), chest width (CW), and rump height (RH). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, regression analysis, and PCA. The findings demonstrated that body weight was positively and significantly associated with all measured body dimensions (p < 0.01). The highest correlation in males was between BW and WH (r = 0.741), and in does, between BW and CD (r = 0.675). The best regression models were obtained from CG and WH in bucks (R² = 0.560) and from BL, CD, and CW in does (R² = 0.509). PCA revealed that overall body size explained most of the morphometric variation, accounting for 84.91% in bucks and 89.86% in does, with BL, WH, CG, and RH identified as the most representative morphometric traits. 
Financial performance of smallholder beef cattle farming at various herd scales in Soppeng Regency, South Sulawesi Utami, Sri Wira; Indrawirawan; Mutmainnah; Baba, Syahdar; Qolbyh, Nurul; Ramli, Muh. Akbar
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.11

Abstract

This study analyzes the financial feasibility of smallholder beef cattle farming in Soppeng Regency using fixed costs, variable costs, income, and benefit-cost (B/C) ratio indicators. Data were grouped by herd size, revealing a strong positive relationship between scale and financial performance. The B/C ratio increased progressively with herd size: 1.06 (2–5 head), 1.11 (6–9 head), 1.66–1.70 (10–17 head), 1.91 (18–21 head), and 2.02 (>22 head). Importantly, all herd size categories achieved B/C ratios above 1.0, indicating that smallholder beef cattle farming is financially feasible across all operational scales. However, larger-scale operations demonstrated substantially higher profitability, with the >22 head group achieving nearly twice the cost efficiency compared to the smallest scale. This improvement stems from declining fixed costs per head and higher total income, especially among larger-scale farmers who often use self-produced forage, eliminating major feed expenses. Net income increased dramatically from IDR 156,835 in the 2–5 head group to IDR 7,908,000 in the >22 head group. The findings suggest that enhancing profitability requires scaling up operations where feasible, integrating local forage systems, adopting comprehensive financial recording practices that capture both explicit and implicit costs, and strengthening farmer group institutions. These strategies can help smallholders enhance their already-positive financial performance and achieve greater economic sustainability. With efficient management, adequate scale of operation, and integration of local feed resources, beef cattle farming in Soppeng demonstrates significant potential to be both profitable and resilient across various operational scales.
Quadratic Analysis of IoT-Based Microclimate Relationships on Broiler Chicken Performance in Tropical Closed Houses Alvandika, Anas; Ismoyowati; Andri Setianto, Novie; Ardiansyah; Tugiyanti, Elly; Hidayat, Nurul
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.5

Abstract

This study examines microclimate fluctuations in a closed-house system for tropical broiler chickens and their relationship with broiler production performance under an Internet of Things (IoT)-based environmental control system. The system was implemented to monitor, record and regulate environmental parameters in real time to support environmental stability under tropical conditions. The relationship between Effective Temperature (ET), Temperature-Humidity Index (THI), Heat Stress Index (HSI), and Performance Index (PI) of broiler chickens was evaluated using non-linear curve fitting and Spearman’s correlation analysis based on data generated by the IoT. The results indicate that the quadratic model provides a better fit than the linear model in describing the relationship between microclimate variables and PI, although most models were not statistically significant. ET showed the highest explanatory power (R² = 0.164; p = 0.068), followed by THI (R² = 0.096; p = 0.220), whilst HSI showed almost no relationship with PI (R² = 0.010; p = 0.862). Spearman’s correlation analysis indicated that ET had the strongest and most significant negative correlation with PI (? = ?0.526; p = 0.002), followed by THI (? = ?0.490; p = 0.004), whilst HSI was not significantly correlated with PI (? = 0.228; p = 0.202). These findings suggest that ET and THI are more closely associated with broiler performance than HSI under tropical closed-house conditions. The final PI value (417.69) exceeded the overall average PI (358.29), indicating relatively stable production performance despite fluctuations in the microclimate.
Analysis of the Effects of Pretranslational Feed Withdrawal Duration on Weight Loss, Blood Glucose, and Carcass Yield in Broilers Yulianti, Karenina Dwi; Suhardi; Nurmasytha, Andi; Almayrizq, Daffa Khairy
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.9

Abstract

Feed withdrawal before transportation is typically applied in broiler chickens to reduce gastrointestinal content and potential carcass contamination during slaughter; however, prolonged withdrawal may affect physiological conditions, body weight loss, and carcass yield. In this study, the effects of different durations of feed withdrawal before transportation on body weight loss, blood glucose concentration, and carcass percentage in Cobb broiler chickens were evaluated. A total of 126 28-day-old broilers with an average body weight of 1.4 ± 0.14 kg were assigned to a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments: no feed withdrawal, 4 h of feed withdrawal, and 8 h of feed withdrawal before transportation. Each treatment consisted of three replicates, with 14 birds per replicate, resulting in nine experimental units. The birds were transported for 2 h, after which body weight, blood glucose concentration, and carcass percentage were measured before and/or after transportation. The data were evaluated descriptively, and the carcass percentage did not significantly differ among the treatments (P>0.05). During transportation, the temperature remained within the normal range, although the relative humidity was relatively high because of rainy weather conditions. The body weight loss was lowest in the 4-h-old group (2.24 ± 0.26%), whereas the body weight loss was greatest in the 8-h-old group (3.69 ± 0.72%). The blood glucose concentration decreased after transportation in all the treatments, with the lowest posttransportation value observed in the 8 h feed withdrawal group (248.90 ± 31.50 mg/dL). The percentage of carcasses ranged from 68.25 ± 4.07% to 70.39 ± 3.36% and did not differ significantly among the treatments. These findings suggest that 4 h of feed withdrawal before transportation may reduce body weight loss and maintain blood glucose concentrations within the normal physiological range; however, improving the carcass percentage should not be concluded because the carcass yield was not significantly affected by treatment.
Efficiency Analysis of Layer Chicken Farms in Sidenreng Rappang Regency Using Data Envelopment Analysis and with Stochastic Frontier Analysis Nugraha, Romy; Makmur, Mariam; Usman
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.6

Abstract

The egg-laying chicken business plays an important role in the food industry. The Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) district is among the centers of egg-laying chicken production in South Sulawesi and contributes significantly to meeting national egg demand, but production efficiency still varies among farmers. This study aimed to measure the efficiency of layer chicken businesses in Sidrap using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), identify factors that affect efficiency, and formulate strategies to improve the efficiency of layer chicken farming businesses. This study used a quantitative approach through a survey of 88-layer farmers selected using the Slovin method, with a margin of error of 10%. Primary data were collected through interviews and questionnaires, whereas secondary data were obtained from the Livestock Service and the Central Statistics Agency. DEA has been used to measure relative efficiency among farmers, whereas SFA has been used to estimate inefficiency and the factors influencing it. With respect to the DEA results, only 25% of the farmers were technically efficient, while the other 75% were still experiencing inefficiency, especially in terms of feed use, number of chickens, and operational costs. The results of the SFA estimation with the Cobb–Douglas production function also revealed that the feed and number of chickens were the most influential production factors for increasing egg production. Analysis of inefficiency factors also revealed that farming experience and water quality significantly reduced technical inefficiency, whereas climate and weather factors tended to increase inefficiency.
The Effect of Combination Ringer's Solution Diluents on Semen Quality and DNA Damage of Gaga Chicken Sperm Fisabilillah, Fairus Vavang; Khaeruddin, Khaeruddin; Yekti, Aulia Puspita Anugra; Prayogi, Heni Setyo; Wahjuningsih, Sri
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.1

Abstract

Gaga chicken is an indigenous Indonesian poultry genetic resource with important cultural and germplasm value. However, its population is threatened by genetic dilution from uncontrolled crossbreeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Ringer-based extenders supplemented with egg yolk or skim milk in maintaining the quality of Gaga chicken spermatozoa following cryopreservation. Semen was collected from sexually mature Gaga roosters using the massage method, and each ejaculate was divided into four equal aliquots (split-sample design) to minimize biological variation. A total of 40 experimental units (4 treatments × 10 replications) were analyzed in a completely randomized design: TI (Ringer Lactate + 10% egg yolk), T2 (Ringer Acetate + 10% egg yolk), T3 (Ringer Lactate + 6% skim milk), and P4 (Ringer Acetate + 6% skim milk). Samples were equilibrated at 5 °C for 2 h and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (?196 °C). Parameters observed included motility, viability, DNA damage before freezing and after thawing, recovery rate, and DNA fragmentation. Cryopreservation significantly reduced post-thaw motility and viability (P < 0.05), whereas DNA damage did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). Treatment TI resulted in the highest post-thaw motility (31.00 ± 1.63%) and viability (52.72 ± 2.57%), significantly higher than P4 (P < 0.05), and produced the highest recovery rate (37.21 ± 2.10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Ringer Lactate supplemented with 10% egg yolk is the most effective extender for maintaining sperm quality during cryopreservation and represents a practical approach for conserving indigenous chicken genetic resources.
Daytime Period of Indonesian Holstein Physiological Responses Under Various Status of Body Condition Score Purnamasari, Gita Cempaka; Sumantri, Cece; Ulum, Mokhamad Fakhrul; Prabowo, Sigid
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.2

Abstract

The level of fatty tissue in the body of Holstein cows impacts on the metabolic system, which in turn affects their physiological response. This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of Indonesian Holstein cows' body condition score (BCS) in altered physiological responses. The research samples consisted of 35 lactating Holstein cows raised at a dairy farm in East Jakarta. As part of the physiological responses, variables such as rectal temperature (Tr), skin surface temperature (Ts), body temperature (Tb), respiratory frequency (Rf), and heartbeats (Hb) were assessed. Meanwhile, the BCS was rated from 1 to 5. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and a one-way ANOVA test to examine mean differences. During the daytime period, Indonesian Holstein cows experienced a moderate level of heat stress. Physiological responses were low in the morning, sharply increased by noon, and then gradually rose slightly towards the afternoon. The distinct BCS status did not influence physiological responses throughout the daylight period (p>0.05) in the lowland tropical smallholder farm site. Still, an emergent signal suggests that BCS status contributes to the respiratory frequencies (Rf) and heartbeats (Hb) in the specific score of BCS. In conclusion, the share of BCS status in the shift of physiological responses in the lowland Indonesian Holstein exposed to moderate-level heat stress was not substantial enough, as the paramount factor in heat stress is ambient temperature.
Effects of Minerals Zn, Fe, and Cr Supplementation in Dieds Containing Lemuru Fish Oil on the Performance, Digestive Tract, and Internal Organs of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) Chickens Devitasari, Olivia Rosalina; Sumiati; Hermana, Widya; Nadia, Rizky; Sumantri, Cece
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.8

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and chromium (Cr) in diets containing Lemuru fish oil on the performance, digestive tract, and internal organs of Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan (KUB) chickens aged 1–90 days with an average DOC weight of 26 g/head. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatment groups (T0: control diet containing 2.5% palm oil; T1: diet containing 2.5% lemuru fish oil; T2: T1 supplemented with 60 ppm Zn, 20 ppm Fe, and 0.4 ppm Cr; and T3: T1 supplemented with 120 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Fe, and 0.8 ppm Cr). Each treatment was replicated five times, with ten chickens per replication. Data were analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and significant differences among treatment means (p<0.05) were further evaluated using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results showed that supplementation with up to 120 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Fe, and 0.8 ppm Cr in diets containing 2.5% lemuru fish oil had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the growth performance of KUB chickens. However, dietary supplementation with 60 ppm Zn, 20 ppm Fe, and 0.4 ppm Cr in diets containing 2.5% lemuru fish oil improved feed efficiency in KUB chickens. Furthermore, higher concentrations (120 ppm Zn, 40 ppm Fe, and 0.8 ppm Cr) reduced relative kidney weight, indicating a treatment-related renal response, although its biological significance remains unclear. Increased duodenal weight and length suggest intestinal adaptation, but functional implications were not confirmed. Overall, the dietary treatments modulated performance and organ-related parameters, warranting further physiological investigation.
Effects of Onion Peel Powder as a Feed Additive on Intestinal Morphology, pH, and Viscosity of Ileal Digesta in Broiler Chickens Jannah, Miftahul; Djunaidi, Irfan H.; Sjofjan, Osfar
Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan Vol. 36 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jiip.2026.036.2.10

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of onion peel powder as a feed additive on intestinal morphology and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens. In this study, 144 DOC Lohmann strain broiler chickens aged 1 day (unsexed) were used. The method used in this study was an in vivo experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental groups were as follows: T0 (-) = basal diet; T0 (+) = basal diet + 0.1% antibiotic (zinc bacitracin); T1 = basal diet + 0.25% onion peel powder; T2 = basal diet + 0.50% onion peel powder; T3 = basal diet + 0.75% onion peel powder; and T4 = basal diet + 1% onion peel powder. The variables measured included intestinal morphology (number of villi, villus height, villus surface area, crypt depth, and vh:cd ratio) and digesta characteristics (pH and viscosity). The data were analysed using ANOVA; if the results were significant, the DMRT test was continued. The results revealed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the villus height, surface area, or crypt depth but did have a highly significant effect (P<0.01) on the number of villi, vh:cd ratio, pH and digesta viscosity. It can be concluded that 0.5% onion peel powder has the potential to be used as a natural feed additive to improve intestinal morphological parameters and digestive characteristics in broiler chickens.

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