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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences

WARTAZOA
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Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

ISSN : 02166461 EISSN : 23546832 DOI : 10.14334

Core Subject : Health,

Veterinary

WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.

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Articles 10 Documents

Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2002)" : 10 Documents clear

Crop-Livestock Integration in a Competitive, Sustainable and Democratize Agribusiness Development Diwyanto, Kusuma; Prawiradiputra, Bambang R; Lubis, Darwinsyah
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

The concept of integrated crop and livestock in Indonesian farming systems has actually been practiced by farmers since they familiar with farming, but they practiced Â the systems by traditional way, without any consideration of cost-benefit as well as environmental impact. The research on crops-livestock systems has been conducted systematically since early 1980âs. The study considered many aspects in sustainability such as environmentally tolerable, socially acceptable, economically feasible and politically desirable. In late 1990âs the crops-livestock systems came to a very important step with intensifying the integration between rice and cattle, in this case through optimization of the manure. The added value of organic fertilizer could reach till 40%. In dairy cattle such a technology was able to benefit Rp 11.000 per cattle per day. In this case, with LEISA (low external input sustainable agriculture) approach, any 8 â 10 liter of milk produced by Â a head of cattle needed feed equal to as much as 3 â4 liter of milk only. With LEISA approach the crops-livestock systems has empirically proved the ability of providing job by using the local input efficiently. In improving efficiency, the use of local resources such as local feed and local cattle need to be optimized. To develop the technology that support the concept of crop-livestock systems, the Government could help the farmers through extension so that the farmers willing to use organic fertilizer, especially manure of the cattle. The rice field in the northern part of West Java is a huge potency to produce rice straw as cattle feed. Based on the fact, the beef cattle can be developed in this area so that the manure available to fertilize the rice fields. If the crop-livestock systems is successfully developed in the area, the improve of rice production and productivity is happened, and in turn, the farmers welfare will also increase. Â Key words: Farming systems, crops, livestock, organic fertilizer, local resources, crop by product

Prospects on Cattle Based Crop-Livestock Systems for The Irrigated Paddy Field in Lombok Sembiring, Hasil; Panjaitan, Tanda; ., Mashur; Praptomo, Dwi; Muzani, A; Sauki, A; ., Wildan; ., Mansyur; ., Sasongko; A, Nurul
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Grouped livestock management is one of the characteristic animals raising in Lombok. In the year of 2000, there were 1096 farmers group that had a very potential opportunity to optimize the livestock productions through the crop-livestock systems approach. The assessment of this approach for the irrigated paddy field area has being conducted in the village of Sepakok, sub- district of Pringgarata, district of Lombok Tengah. The objective of the study was to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the crop-livestock system as well as environmentally friendly issues. A total of 112 household farmers were involved in the study, joined in the "Gerak Maju" group farmer with 334 head of cattles and 35 ha paddy filed. Improving farming systems efficiency has been implemented through the technology introduction of rice straw fermentation as cattle feeds, the use of Progesterone Intravaginal Sponges (PIS) for estrous synchronization and compost processing as well as its uses for crips. The results has shown that fermented rice straw could be used as basal feed, given ad-libitum and 5% of native grass from the body weight yield an average daily gain of 290 gr. The use of fermented rice straw has decreased the straw-field in the field after harvesting period, so that it could be storage and used them for the dry season. The use of manure compost could reduce the production cost for anorganic fertilizer and weed. It significantly affected to the vegetative growth of some horticultures. Part of the compost production has been marketed in some areas to give additional income of the farmers. The crop-livestock system approach with cattle based in the irrigated paddy field was recognized as one of the potential systems that could be impemented in Lombok as well as other region with the same agro-ecological zone. Â Key words: Crop-livestock systems, fermented rice straw, compost

Crop Livestock System in South Sulawesi: Review of Implementary Activities Ella, Andi
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

South Sulawesi has considerated having amount of rice field i.e. 598,218 hectare about 21.49% out of the total land for agriculture activities. Some of these are irrigated rice field, either technical or non-technical irrigated which contributes to the production of rice. These land is also used as production center for cattle. The population of cattle is 805,868 heads in 1995 decreased to 749,327 heads in 1999 (1.8% decreased each year). Both commodities (rice and cattle) were agribusiness oriented. However, the productivity of rice has been facing leveling off, with the maximum average is 4 â 6 ton/ha. It is likely that the due to phenomena degradation of the soil, so that it can not support the optimum condition of the growing rice because of inadequate a certain nutrient or lack of organic carbon which can not support the uptake of a certain nutrient. One of the alternative to improve these condition was the application of compost which produced from cattle manure. The main feed of cattle can be provided from rice straw, which is available with the amount of 4-5 ton/ha/growing season. It means that the potential production of rice straw every season was 1,196,432 heaps, which can be used as cattle, feed to increase cattle production. Each cattle could produce 4 â 5 ton fresh manure/year, which can be processed to cattle manure (compost) at the rate of 2 ton/year/cattle, so that it is estimated the number of compost can be produced in South Sulawesi was 1,498,654 ton/year. This can be applied to 749,327 ha of rice field with the rate of 1.5 â 2 t/ha. Therefore, the integration of cattle into a rice system could increased productivity of the two commodities. The implementation of CLS in South Sulawesi has the following problems: a) in the intensive area of growing rice, the threshing mashed was done using power thresher, and cutting the rice straw at the top (one third from the top) which cause problem for farmers to collect the rice straw for cattle feed, b) most of farmers have no any experience in using rice straw for fodder, c) the majority of farmers do not have animal shelter. Â Key words: Integration, feed cattle, rice straw, fermentation

Assessment of Integrated Farming System of Beef Cattle in South Sulawesi Sariubang, Matheus; Ella, Andi; Nurhayu, A; Pasambe, Daniel
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Increase productivity of beef cattle can be done as integrated in the farming systems, where beef cattle has optimized the use of straw agricultural. Like rice straw, rice bran, stalk and corn bran, with legumes. In addition, beef cattles feces could be used as compost to organic fertilizer for paddy and crops planted. The assessment was conducted in Takalar and Barru district with two farmers group. In Takalar district of has implemented the collective stable, while that in Barru district was the individual stable. Result showed that aplication non limited rice straw + 3 kg refined rice bran + 10 g mineral (salt + manure SP 36) could increased body weight up to 0.41 kg/head/day in Barru district, and substitution in organic fertilizer (recommendation manure) with organic fertilizer on paddy has reached up to 6.50 ton/ha (1 ton organic manure + 127.8 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 8.3 kg SP 36 + 41.7 KCl) and 6.37 ton/Ha (150 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP 36 + 50 kg KCl). Â Key words: Farming system, beef cattle, organic fertilizer

Crop-Livestock Integration in Farming System at Irrigation Area Case Study: Grobogan District, Central Java Prasetyo, Teguh; Setiani, Cahyati; Kartaatmaja, Sunendar
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Most of farmers in Central Java hold land about 0.25 â 0.3 ha. If they are only doing farming system with rice-rice-corn cropping pattern, their income per season will range from Rp 446.800 to Rp 586.000. Of course such earnings is not enough and unsuitable, so its necessary to find out some efforts for increasing farmers income. One of some alternative efforts can be carried out is diversification, i.e. developing farm enterprise which integrated with livestock. Related with that idea, we have been studying crop livestock integration in Grobogan District since November 2000. This study was carried out in order to find alternative sharing farm operation model on irrigation area which executed in group. The farmers included in this study are 454 farmers which posses land about 106.2 hectare, while livestock they breed are 180 cows for applicant in five units of stall together. Business management was carried out by one management which organized by group managers, includes farm enterprise (input, irrigation, integrated pest management, mechanic service, and marketing), livestock (input, IB service, animal health, straw treatment and selling the product), and also save-debt of money. The technology which introduced includes processing plant product technology, livestock breeding, and straw treatment for food and also ecreement of livestock for organic fertilizer. Along the production process both exertion can give input each other (internal input) by using by product and also can minimalize input from outside (low external input). Straw production of corn and rice plant which used for live stock woof are 3600 kg/ha and 4600 kg/ha respectly, meanwhile organic fertilizer that produced after 10 months observation was 216,8 tons. If the dosis of the fertilizer for rice plant/corn is 2 t/ha, so it can be used for rice plant and corn on 108.4 ha area. Up until 10 month observation, 4 calves were born and 17 catle were pregnant. Â Key words: Irrigation area, crop-livestock, beef cattle, rice, corn

Assessment of Integrated Farming System of Beef Cattle in South Sulawesi Matheus Sariubang; Andi Ella; A Nurhayu; Daniel Pasambe
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Increase productivity of beef cattle can be done as integrated in the farming systems, where beef cattle has optimized the use of straw agricultural. Like rice straw, rice bran, stalk and corn bran, with legumes. In addition, beef cattle's feces could be used as compost to organic fertilizer for paddy and crops planted. The assessment was conducted in Takalar and Barru district with two farmer's group. In Takalar district of has implemented the collective stable, while that in Barru district was the individual stable. Result showed that aplication non limited rice straw + 3 kg refined rice bran + 10 g mineral (salt + manure SP 36) could increased body weight up to 0.41 kg/head/day in Barru district, and substitution in organic fertilizer (recommendation manure) with organic fertilizer on paddy has reached up to 6.50 ton/ha (1 ton organic manure + 127.8 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 8.3 kg SP 36 + 41.7 KCl) and 6.37 ton/Ha (150 kg urea + 100 kg ZA + 50 kg SP 36 + 50 kg KCl). Key words: Farming system, beef cattle, organic fertilizer

Crop-Livestock Integration in Farming System at Irrigation Area Case Study: Grobogan District, Central Java Teguh Prasetyo; Cahyati Setiani; Sunendar Kartaatmaja
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Most of farmers in Central Java hold land about 0.25 − 0.3 ha. If they are only doing farming system with 'rice-rice-corn' cropping pattern, their income per season will range from Rp 446.800 to Rp 586.000. Of course such earnings is not enough and unsuitable, so it's necessary to find out some efforts for increasing farmers' income. One of some alternative efforts can be carried out is diversification, i.e. developing farm enterprise which integrated with livestock. Related with that idea, we have been studying crop livestock integration in Grobogan District since November 2000. This study was carried out in order to find alternative sharing farm operation model on irrigation area which executed in group. The farmers included in this study are 454 farmers which posses land about 106.2 hectare, while livestock they breed are 180 cows for applicant in five units of stall together. Business management was carried out by one management which organized by group managers, includes farm enterprise (input, irrigation, integrated pest management, mechanic service, and marketing), livestock (input, IB service, animal health, straw treatment and selling the product), and also save-debt of money. The technology which introduced includes processing plant product technology, livestock breeding, and straw treatment for food and also ecreement of livestock for organic fertilizer. Along the production process both exertion can give input each other (internal input) by using 'by product' and also can minimalize input from outside (low external input). Straw production of corn and rice plant which used for live stock woof are 3600 kg/ha and 4600 kg/ha respectly, meanwhile organic fertilizer that produced after 10 months observation was 216,8 tons. If the dosis of the fertilizer for rice plant/corn is 2 t/ha, so it can be used for rice plant and corn on 108.4 ha area. Up until 10 month observation, 4 calves were born and 17 catle were pregnant. Key words: Irrigation area, crop-livestock, beef cattle, rice, corn

Crop-Livestock Integration in a Competitive, Sustainable and Democratize Agribusiness Development Kusuma Diwyanto; Bambang R Prawiradiputra; Darwinsyah Lubis
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

The concept of integrated crop and livestock in Indonesian farming systems has actually been practiced by farmers since they familiar with farming, but they practiced the systems by traditional way, without any consideration of cost-benefit as well as environmental impact. The research on crops-livestock systems has been conducted systematically since early 1980’s. The study considered many aspects in sustainability such as environmentally tolerable, socially acceptable, economically feasible and politically desirable. In late 1990’s the crops-livestock systems came to a very important step with intensifying the integration between rice and cattle, in this case through optimization of the manure. The added value of organic fertilizer could reach till 40%. In dairy cattle such a technology was able to benefit Rp 11.000 per cattle per day. In this case, with LEISA (low external input sustainable agriculture) approach, any 8 − 10 liter of milk produced by a head of cattle needed feed equal to as much as 3 −4 liter of milk only. With LEISA approach the crops-livestock systems has empirically proved the ability of providing job by using the local input efficiently. In improving efficiency, the use of local resources such as local feed and local cattle need to be optimized. To develop the technology that support the concept of crop-livestock systems, the Government could help the farmers through extension so that the farmers willing to use organic fertilizer, especially manure of the cattle. The rice field in the northern part of West Java is a huge potency to produce rice straw as cattle feed. Based on the fact, the beef cattle can be developed in this area so that the manure available to fertilize the rice fields. If the crop-livestock systems is successfully developed in the area, the improve of rice production and productivity is happened, and in turn, the farmers welfare will also increase. Key words: Farming systems, crops, livestock, organic fertilizer, local resources, crop by product

Prospects on Cattle Based Crop-Livestock Systems for The Irrigated Paddy Field in Lombok Hasil Sembiring; Tanda Panjaitan; Mashur .; Dwi Praptomo; A Muzani; A Sauki; Wildan .; Mansyur .; Sasongko .; Nurul A
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Grouped livestock management is one of the characteristic animals raising in Lombok. In the year of 2000, there were 1096 farmers' group that had a very potential opportunity to optimize the livestock productions through the crop-livestock systems approach. The assessment of this approach for the irrigated paddy field area has being conducted in the village of Sepakok, sub- district of Pringgarata, district of Lombok Tengah. The objective of the study was to improve the efficiency and sustainability of the crop-livestock system as well as environmentally friendly issues. A total of 112 household farmers were involved in the study, joined in the "Gerak Maju" group farmer with 334 head of cattles and 35 ha paddy filed. Improving farming systems efficiency has been implemented through the technology introduction of rice straw fermentation as cattle feeds, the use of Progesterone Intravaginal Sponges (PIS) for estrous synchronization and compost processing as well as its uses for crips. The results has shown that fermented rice straw could be used as basal feed, given ad-libitum and 5% of native grass from the body weight yield an average daily gain of 290 gr. The use of fermented rice straw has decreased the straw-field in the field after harvesting period, so that it could be storage and used them for the dry season. The use of manure compost could reduce the production cost for anorganic fertilizer and weed. It significantly affected to the vegetative growth of some horticultures. Part of the compost production has been marketed in some areas to give additional income of the farmers. The crop-livestock system approach with cattle based in the irrigated paddy field was recognized as one of the potential systems that could be impemented in Lombok as well as other region with the same agro-ecological zone. Key words: Crop-livestock systems, fermented rice straw, compost

Crop Livestock System in South Sulawesi: Review of Implementary Activities Andi Ella
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 12, No 1 (2002)
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

South Sulawesi has considerated having amount of rice field i.e. 598,218 hectare about 21.49% out of the total land for agriculture activities. Some of these are irrigated rice field, either technical or non-technical irrigated which contributes to the production of rice. These land is also used as production center for cattle. The population of cattle is 805,868 heads in 1995 decreased to 749,327 heads in 1999 (1.8% decreased each year). Both commodities (rice and cattle) were agribusiness oriented. However, the productivity of rice has been facing leveling off, with the maximum average is 4 – 6 ton/ha. It is likely that the due to phenomena degradation of the soil, so that it can not support the optimum condition of the growing rice because of inadequate a certain nutrient or lack of organic carbon which can not support the uptake of a certain nutrient. One of the alternative to improve these condition was the application of compost which produced from cattle manure. The main feed of cattle can be provided from rice straw, which is available with the amount of 4-5 ton/ha/growing season. It means that the potential production of rice straw every season was 1,196,432 heaps, which can be used as cattle, feed to increase cattle production. Each cattle could produce 4 – 5 ton fresh manure/year, which can be processed to cattle manure (compost) at the rate of 2 ton/year/cattle, so that it is estimated the number of compost can be produced in South Sulawesi was 1,498,654 ton/year. This can be applied to 749,327 ha of rice field with the rate of 1.5 – 2 t/ha. Therefore, the integration of cattle into a rice system could increased productivity of the two commodities. The implementation of CLS in South Sulawesi has the following problems: a) in the intensive area of growing rice, the threshing mashed was done using power thresher, and cutting the rice straw at the top (one third from the top) which cause problem for farmers to collect the rice straw for cattle feed, b) most of farmers have no any experience in using rice straw for fodder, c) the majority of farmers do not have animal shelter. Key words: Integration, feed cattle, rice straw, fermentation

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Indonesian Center for Animal Science Research and Development Jl. Raya Pajajaran Kav E-59 Bogor 16151 Bogor Indonesia

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Jawa barat

INDONESIA