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WARTAZOA Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences
Published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development
ISSN : 02166461     EISSN : 23546832     DOI : 10.14334
Core Subject : Health,
Veterinary
WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences ISSN: 0216-6461 E-ISSN: 2354-6832 is a peer-reviewed, scientific journal published by Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD). The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field of animal and veterinary science. It was first published in 1983. The journal has been registered in the CrossRef system with Digital Object Identifier (DOI) prefix 10.14334.
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Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008" : 5 Documents clear
Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Salmonella enteritidis: Its Implication for Diagnosis and Development of Local Isolate Vaccine for Poultry Tati Ariyanti; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (155.702 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i4.893

Abstract

Genus Salmonella consists of more than 2,400 serovars, which can be identified by means of serological method based on the variation of their somatic (O), flagellar (H) and capsular antigens (Vi). Salmonella serovars which are able to cause disease in animal or domestic animal are limited, such as: S. pullorum and S. gallinarum which are well adapted to poultry, cause fowl typhoid,  S. cholerasuis causes disease in  swine.  S. typhimurium and  S. enteritidis can infect  all animals  and  humans.  S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis could be isolated from salmonellosis of poultry, meat, milk and eggs. The prevalence of those isolates within the last two decades tends to increase. Pathogenic Salmonella serovars can infect both animals and humans, colonize the intestinal epithelial cells lead to diarrhoea. Salmonella spp. may enter the lower layer of epithelial cells and the lymphoid vascular system. Humoral antibody and cell mediated immunity responses may develop. Extraintestinal shedding or dissemination of Salmonella spp. may occur and multiply, this may cause latent infections and spread to the environment. Serologic diagnosis of infected animals can be done by means of serum or whole blood agglutination tests with whole cell antigen or ELISA with LPS coated tray, might demonstrate cross reactions among serovars within the one group. ELISA antibody by using fimbrial SEF14 antigen demonstrated specific diagnosis of S. enteritidis infection. The use of S. enteritidis inactive vaccines stimulates high humoral antibody response and protection against challenged homologous serovar within one group (D). The secretory  antibody  in mucosal surface of intestine and cell mediated immunity were not stimulated after vaccination  with inactive Salmonella vaccine. Inactive  vaccines  (local isolate of S.  enteritidis) which  was  developed and evaluated on experimental layer chicken produced protection against challenged homologous and may be used to control vertical transmission salmonellosis through eggs and can be used to improve  the safety of animal food products for human consumption.   Key words: Salmonella enteritidis, antigenicity, immunogenicity, diagnosis, vaccines for poultry
Utilization of Probiotic-Fermented Rice Straw as Ruminant Feed Amlius Thalib
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (149.547 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i4.894

Abstract

Agriculture in Indonesia is dominated by a rice-based farming system where ruminants are kept as saving and to provide draft power. The productivity of ruminants under this farming system is relatively low. The low productivity is mainly due to inadequate supply of feed. As the agriculture is a rice-based farming system, rice straws become potential crop residues existing in almost all areas in Indonesia. Many studies on the utilization of rice straw as ruminant feed have been conducted. Rice straw has very low nutritive values, especially its crude protein content and digestibility. A lot of treatments have been applied to improve the  nutritional  values  particularly  the  digestibility  value,  that is,  by  means  of  physical,  chemical  and  biological treaments. In recent studies, the efficiency of rice straw utilization for ruminants was improved by supplementation of probiotic. The aim of probiotic addition is to enhance the ability of rumen microbes to digest the rice straw in the rumen by their synergistic effect. The methods of probiotic addition can be introduced into rice straw through fermentation process or mixed with the concentrates. This paper exposes the utilization of probiotic-fermented rice straw for ruminant animals and their storage system.   Key words: Rice straw, fermentation, probiotic, ruminants
The Use of Local Breed for Milk Production in Indonesia I Ketut Sutama
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (299.372 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i4.895

Abstract

Buffalo (river and swamp), Hissar cattle and Etawah grade (PE) goats are three breeds of potential livestock which can be developed as dairy animals in Indonesia to increase national milk production. Riverine buffaloes (Murrah) are found only in North Sumatera province. Hissar cattle are found in a relatively small number in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara and North Sumatera  provinces.  Swamp  buffaloes  and  PE  goats  are mostly  found  in  Java.  Under  traditional  management system in Indonesia, potential milk production of buffaloes varied 0.5 – 2.25 l/day, while Hissar dan PE goats produced milk of 2 – 5 l/day and 0.5 – 2 l/day, respectively. These animals are well adapted with local environmental conditions, hence, become their biological strengths. In some areas, the farmers are familiar in rearing these animals, so that development of buffalo, Hissar and PE production will be easier to be implemented. It is still required to disseminate the relevant information in order to support the improvement of people nutritional status and increase farmers’ income.   Key words: Buffalo, Hissar, PE goat, milk
Freeze-Drying Spermatozoa as an Alternative Method for Rescuing Genetic Material of Animal Takdir Saili
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.992 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i4.891

Abstract

Cryopreservation is one of the commonly methods used in spermatozoa preservation in which sperm is frozen and stored in the container of liquid nitrogen. The frozen sperm is still motile after thawing, so it is possible to use it in both artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization to produce an embryo. However, this technique needs a continuous supply of liquid nitrogen and a container as a place to store the frozen sperm. The advanced technique in microinjection has led the possibility of using immotile sperm to fertilize oocyte. Therefore, the sperm preservation method may be simplified because the motility of sperm has not been taken into consideration in fertilization compared to the previous method. Freeze-drying sperm is the proposed method in which the sperm is frozen and sublimated using freeze-drying machine to produce freeze-dried sperm. The freeze-dried sperm might be stored in room temperature or in refrigerator. Several reports have claimed that freeze-dried sperm is not motile but it still has capability to fertilize oocyte, even produces offspring, because its DNA remains intact.   Key words: Cryopreservation, freeze-drying, sperm, oocyte
Bovine Tuberculosis, A Zoonotic Disease Tarmudji .; Supar .
WARTAZOA, Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008): DECEMBER 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (253.029 KB) | DOI: 10.14334/wartazoa.v18i4.892

Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis is caused by the infection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis (M. bovis). This species is one of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, can infect wide range of hosts: cattle and other domesticated animals, wild mammals and humans (zoonotic). M. bovis bacterium from infected hosts can be transmitted to other susceptible animals and humans through respiratory excretes and secretion materials. Humans can be infected with M. bovis by ingested M. bovis contaminated animal products, unpasteurised milk from tuberculosis cows or through respiratory route of contaminated aerosol. Bovine tuberculosis at the first stage does not show any clinical sign but as the disease progress in the next stage which may take several months or years, clinical signs may arise, suh as: fluctuative body temperature, anorexia, lost body weight, coughing, oedema of lymph nodes, increased respiratory frequencies. Pathological lesion of bovine tuberculosis is characterised by the formation of granulomas (tubercles), in which bacterial cells have been localised, most in lymph nodes and pulmonum, but can occur in other organs. The granulomas usually arise in small nodules or tubercles appear yellowish either caseus, caseo-calcareus or calcified. In Indonesia, bovine tuberculosis occurred in dairy cattle since 1905 through the imported dairy cows from Holland and Australian. It was unfortunate that until recently, there were not many research and surveilances of bovine tuberculosis conducted in this country, so the distribution of bovine tuberculosis is unknown. Early serological diagnosis can be done on live cattle by means of tuberculin tests under field conditions. Confirmation can be done by isolation and identification of excreted and secreted samples from the slaughter house. Antibiotic treatment and vaccination were uneffective, therefore the effective control of bovine tuberculosis is suggested by tuberculin tests and by slaughtering the selected positive reactors.   Key words: Bovine tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, zoonotic disease

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