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The Use of Local Breed for Milk Production in Indonesia Sutama, I Ketut
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 18, No 4 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Buffalo (river and swamp), Hissar cattle and Etawah grade (PE) goats are three breeds of potential livestock which can be developed as dairy animals in Indonesia to increase national milk production. Riverine buffaloes (Murrah) are found only in North Sumatera province. Hissar cattle are found in a relatively small number in Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara and North Sumatera Â provinces. Â Swamp Â buffaloes Â and Â PE Â goats Â are mostly Â foundÂ in Â Java. Â Under Â traditional Â management system in Indonesia, potential milk production of buffaloes varied 0.5 â 2.25 l/day, while Hissar dan PE goats produced milk of 2 â 5 l/day and 0.5 â 2 l/day, respectively. These animals are well adapted with local environmental conditions, hence, become their biological strengths. In some areas, the farmers are familiar in rearing these animals, so that development of buffalo, Hissar and PE production will be easier to be implemented. It is still required to disseminate the relevant information in order to support the improvement of people nutritional status and increase farmersâ income. Â Key words: Buffalo, Hissar, PE goat, milk

Productive and Reproductive Performances of Female Etawah Crossbred Goats in Indonesia Sutama, I Ketut
Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 19, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Although Etawah Crossbred (PE) goat is considered to be dual purpose (meat and milk) goat, it is mainly raised for meat production. Since early 1990, there has been a growing interest of the farmer in some places to raise PE goat for milk production without sacrificing its role to produce kids for meat. The average birth weight of PE kids varied widely (2.8 â 5 kg), resulted in a high variation in weaning weight (9 â 14 kg). A high pre-weaning mortality of 10 â 50% was a major source of lost in goat production in Indonesia, partly due to low birth weight and/or miss mothering ability. Young female PE goat reached puberty at 8 â 12 months of age and at body weight of about 18 â 22 kg or about 53 â 60% of mature body weight. Gestation length varied between 142 â 156 days, and first post partum estrous occurred at 3 â 5 months after parturition took place, resulted in 8 â 10 months of kidding intervals. Lactation period lasted for 5 â 8 months with total milk yield of 177 â 203 kg/lactation (average 0.85 kg/day). Although milk yield of PE goat was not as high as milk yield of some other dairy goats, the ability of PE goat to cope with harsh local environment, particularly climate and feed conditions, was an advantage. Therefore, raising PE goat would still be an important part of farmer activities in the rural areas in Indonesia.Â Key words: PE goat, reproduction, milk production

Supplementation of bangun-bangun leaf (Coleus amboinicus Lour) and Zn-vitamin E to improve metabolism and milk production of Etawah cross bred goats Rumetor, Sientje Daisy; Jachja, Jajat; Widjajakusuma, Reviany; Permana, Idat Galih; Sutama, I Ketut
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 13, No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of Coleus amboinicus L. and zinc-vitamin E supplementation in ration to improve rumen metabolism and milk production of Etawah crossbred goat. In the first experiment, 6 treatments were evaluated using in vitro batch culture. It was found that Coleus amboinicus and Zn-vitamin E supplementation significantly (P< 0.01) increase dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) digestibility and Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) concentration, but decrease NH3 concentration, rumen pH and total microbe. In the second experiment, 8 treatments were evaluated using in vivo experiment on 24 goats. The result showed that Coleus amboinicus and Zn-vitamin E supplementation significantly increase dry matter and TDN intake and milk production. Key Words: Coleus Amboinicus, Zn-Vitamin E, Rumen Metabolism, Milk Production, Etawah Crossbred Goat

Effects of glycerol in tris extender on frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks Tambing, Surya Natal; Toelihere, Mozes R; Yusuf, Tuty L; Sutama, I ketut
Indonesian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Vol 5, No 2 (2000)
Publisher : Indonesian Animal Sciences Society

Bucks semen is easily damaged during freezing process, due to the formation of ice crystals. Consequently, semen quality decreases particularly the post-thaw sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap. The objectives of this research are to determine the optimum dose of glycerol in Tris extender in maintaining frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks. Four head of PE buck of 2 - 4 years old were used in this experiment. Doses of glycerol used were 5%, 6% and 7%. Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Results of this experiment indicated that the mean percentage of pre-freezing motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 5%, 6% and 7% glycerol were not significantly different (P>0.05). After freezing, the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 6% glycerol (52.60%, 65.03%, 45.63% and 47.54% respectively) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in 5% (44.31%, 52.00%, 37.60% and 37.00% respectively) and in 7% glycerol (45.28%, 52.10%, 37.97% and 37.14% respectively). However, there were not significant differences in 5% and 7% glycerol for any parameter measured. It was concluded that supplementation of glycerol 6% in Tris extender effective to protect of sperm from various shock during the process of semen cryopreservation, so that it could maintain of frozen semen quality (sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap) that suitable used in AI program of crossbred Etawah bucks. Â Key words : Glycerol, PE bucks, semen quality

ANTLERS GROWTH OF THE ENDANGERED AND ENDEMIC BAWEAN DEER (Axis kuhlH Muller & Schlegel, 1842) Semiadi, Gono; Subekti, Koestoto; Sutama, I Ketut; Affandy, Lukman
TREUBIA Vol 33, No 1 (2003): Vol. 33 No. 1, December 2003
Publisher : Research Center for Biology

Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is an endangered Indonesian deer that is quite unique since its habitat is isolated and the species is endemic to the Bawean Island. Data on its biology is very limited. especially those related to antlers growth. Monitoring the antlers growth from the post weaning age (3-4 months) to 22 months old showed that, this process was related to the animals reproductive physiology, starting at the age of six months, when the testes entered the scrotum. and a rapid body growth occured. At the age of 21 months, the animal had its first full hard antlers. The stag had its longest period of hard antlers at least for more than eight months. There seemed to be a close relation between the body growth cycles and theantlers growth. Hair molting lasted for 25-40 days. These results indicated that the period of physiological change in relation to antlers growth and some reproductive activities in the Bawean deer were within the cycle of other temperate and tropical deer species.Key words: Bawean deer, Axis kuhlii, antlers growth, molting

Estrous Synchronization in Peranakan Etawah Goat Using CIDR-G Semiadi, G; Sutama, I Ketut; Syaefudin, Y
ANIMAL PRODUCTION Vol 5, No 2 (2003): May
Publisher : Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Faculty of Animal Science, Purwokerto-Indonesia

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A study on the effectiveness on estrous synchronization using CIDR-G in peranakan etawah (PE) goat was conducted. Twenty-eight multiporous PE goats were randomly allocated to two groups (A & B) and CIDR was inserted for 16 days. In group A CIDR was replaced at day eight and in group B CIDR was stayed intake until day 16. Estrous sign was detected using castrated teaser 20 hours post CIDR withdrawal and evaluated every four hours until the estrous sign was disappeared. At the same time of estrous detection, blood sample for progesterone assay, from five selected goats in each group was collected into heparins vacuum blood tube, collected via jugulars vein. From this study it was shown no significant differences in initial time of estrous sign between the groups (38.33 vs. 33.22 hours post CIDR withdrawal). Similarly there was no significant difference in the length of estrous between the groups (54.22 vs. 48.65 hours). The lowest mean progesterone hormone concentration (<0.50 ng/ml) occurred 78 hours post CIDR withdrawal. From this study it was concluded that using CIDR-G in PE goat is effective and no replacement is needed between the synchronization periods. (Animal Production 5(2): 83-86 (2003)Â Key Words : Etawah Goat, Synchronization, Estrous, CIDR

ENTREPRENEURAL FIGURE OF MOUNT AGUNG TREKKING GUIDES Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 10, Number 3, August 2017
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Mount Agung with an altitude of 3,142 meters from sea level stood at the coordinates of 8020'27 "S 115030'12" E, circled along 105 kilometers (65 miles), and classified as a volcanic type monoconic strato. The highest mountain in Bali Province was located in Selat District, Karangasem Regency. It got a last major eruption in 1963 and since then began to be climbed by climbers/tourists. Because in 1970s and 1980s some climbers/tourists very often got lost and accidents to death, since the 1990s a number of the local community members took initiative to serve the climbers/tourists who want to explore the mountain known as holy and sacred one. This study was conducted in order to understand and describe the pioneering aspects of entrepreneurial figure of the related trekking guides. It was a qualitative study with a qualitative data analysis. The results of this study showed that because Mount Agung was not an ordinary mountain but full of myths and stories that were supernatural, so the entrepreneurial practices of the Selat Village community appeared not only to serve the climbers/trekkers as usual but also to preserve the environment and ensure their safety as there were so many taboos in the climbing/trekking. All these facts can be seen from the depiction of the stories and experiences of the local climbing/trekking guides who had been doing their work for years. As entrepreneurs, they looked for income but, above all, environmental sustainability and the spirituality of the mountain werw not neglected.

BATUR: THE MOUNT, LAKE, AND TEMPLE’S SANCTITY, SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE COMMUNITY, AND THE TOURISM BUSINESS Mudana, I Gede; Sutama, I Ketut; Widhari, Cokorda Istri Sri
E-Journal of Cultural Studies Volume 11, Number 3, August 2018
Publisher : Cultural Studies Doctorate Program, Postgraduate Program of Udayana University

Batur region in Kintamani Subdistrict, Bangli, Bali, is at first a living place of a group of local people with holy, sacred markers characterized by Hinduism. The most popular holy markers are Mount Batur (1717 m), Lake Batur, and Pura (Temple) Ulun Danu Batur. Later Batur is known as a tourist destination where many tourists both domestic and international come and go everyday. This paper describes the existence of the Batur region as a unity of three things: sanctity or holiness (sacred area), social relations of the local community, and tourism business. This study is qualitative which its data is taken from books, journals, and other documents with the techniques of qualitative data analysis. The result of the study shows there is a high complexity in Batur due to its position as a sanctuary (holy area), a place of community life, and a tourism area. Batur is a sacred area, at least because of the Mount Batur, Lake Batur, and Ulun Danu Batur Temple so that such a region is honoured by all Hindu believers in Bali and outside Bali. However, today, Batur is also known as a popular tourist area because the mount, the lake, and the temple are really very interesting to be enjoyed (or consumed as tourism products) and in fact, the region is also surrounded by other beautiful tourist attractions in Batur and Kintamani, i.e. Penelokan, Toyabungkah, Trunyan village, agricultural fields, and a new, man-made one that is the Batur Global Geopark.

Prenatal Growth in Uterus of Does by Superovulation ADRIANI ADRIANI; ADI SUDONO; TOHA SUTARDI; ASMEN MANALU; I KETUT SUTAMA
HAYATI Journal of Biosciences Vol. 14 No. 2 (2007): June 2007
Publisher : Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia

Thirty six Etawah-grade does (BW 20.4-44.2 kg, age 2.5-7 years) were used to study the efficacy of increasing secretion of endogenous hormones of pregnancy by superovulation of does to stimulate of growth prenatal in uterus. The does were injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG), 0 IU/kg BW [grouped into nonsuperovulation-NSO] and 15 IU/kg BW [grouped into Superovulation-SO]. Intravaginal sponge (60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate) was applied for 14 days to synchronize estrus cycle. Twenty four hours prior to sponge removal, PMSG was injected to stimulate superovulation. After sponge removal, five experimental does were mixed with one buck for natural mating. Superovulation prior to mating increased number of corpora lutea, mean of maternal serum estradiol concentration, progesterone concentration, litter size, average birth weight and average milk yield, by 112, 67, 42, 27, 32, and 35%, respectively. Those were correlated with the increase of uterine, corpora lutea, and individual birth weight. Key words: Etawah-grade, hormone, kids, superovulation

Effects of glycerol in tris extender on frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks Surya Natal Tambing; Mozes R Toelihere; Tuty L Yusuf; I ketut Sutama
Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner Vol 5, No 2 (2000): JUNE 2000
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Animal Research and Development (ICARD)

Bucks semen is easily damaged during freezing process, due to the formation of ice crystals. Consequently, semen quality decreases particularly the post-thaw sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap. The objectives of this research are to determine the optimum dose of glycerol in Tris extender in maintaining frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks. Four head of PE buck of 2 - 4 years old were used in this experiment. Doses of glycerol used were 5%, 6% and 7%. Semen was collected once a week using artificial vagina. Results of this experiment indicated that the mean percentage of pre-freezing motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 5%, 6% and 7% glycerol were not significantly different (P>0.05). After freezing, the mean percentage of motility, live sperm, sperm with intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap in 6% glycerol (52.60%, 65.03%, 45.63% and 47.54% respectively) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than in 5% (44.31%, 52.00%, 37.60% and 37.00% respectively) and in 7% glycerol (45.28%, 52.10%, 37.97% and 37.14% respectively). However, there were not significant differences in 5% and 7% glycerol for any parameter measured. It was concluded that supplementation of glycerol 6% in Tris extender effective to protect of sperm from various shock during the process of semen cryopreservation, so that it could maintain of frozen semen quality (sperm motility, viability, intack plasma membrane and intack acrosomal cap) that suitable used in AI program of crossbred Etawah bucks. Key words : Glycerol, PE bucks, semen quality

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