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Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis

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Published by Universitas Diponegoro

ISSN : - EISSN : 19782993 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis (e-ISSN: 1978-2993), an international journal, provides a forum for publishing the novel technologies related to the catalyst, catalysis, chemical reactor, kinetics studies, and chemical reaction engineering.

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Articles 524 Documents

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Visible Light Photocatalytic Properties of Modified Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles via Aluminium Treatment Dessy Ariyanti; Junzhe Dong; Junye Dong; Wei Gao
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has gained much attentions for the last few decades due to its remarkable performance in photocatalysis and some other related properties. However, its wide bandgap (~3.2 eV) can only absorb UV energy which is only ~5% of solar light spectrum. The objective of this research was to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by improving the optical absorption to the visible light range. Here, colored TiO2 nanoparticles range from light to dark grey were prepared via aluminium treatment at the temperatures ranging from 400 to 600 oC. The modified TiO2 is able to absorb up to 50% of visible light (400-700 nm) and shows a relatively good photocatalytic activity in organic dye (Rhodamine B) degradation under visible light irradiation compared with the commercial TiO2.

Kinetic and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue Adsorption onto Zero Valent Iron Supported on Mesoporous Silica Atyaf Khalid Hameed; Nugroho Dewayanto; Du Dongyun; Mohd Ridzuan Nordin; Mohd Hasbi Ab Rahim
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 2 Year 2016 (August 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Zero valent iron supported on mesoporous silicanano particles (NZVI/MSNs) was prepared by the aqueous phase borohydride reduction methods. Prior to the reduction, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were prepared through the activation of fumed silica with concentrated HCl by refluxing at 90 °C. FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX and BET were used to characterize theadsorbents prepared. BET surface areas of MSNs, NZVI, and NZVI/MSNs were 126, 41, and 72 m2/g for, respectively. The performance of NZVI/MSNs as adsorbent was examined by adsorption of methylene blue (MB), performed in series of batch experiments. In the kinetic studies, pseudo first order and pseudo second order kinetic models were examined. The pseudo second order equation provided the best fit with the experimental data. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption process is endothermic with ΔH° was 90.53 kJ/mol. Positive ΔS° (300 J/mol) and negative ΔG° (-6.42 kJ/mol) was recorded, indicating the spontaneous of the adsorption process and naturally favorable.

Lump Kinetic Analysis of Syngas Composition Effect on Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis over Cobalt and Cobalt-Rhenium Alumina Supported Catalyst Dewi Tristantini; Ricky Kristanda Suwignjo
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

This study investigated lump kinetic analysis of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Cobalt and Cobalt-Rhenium Alumina supported catalyst (Co/γ-Al2O3 and Co-Re/γ-Al2O3) at 20 bars and 483 K using feed gas with molar H2/CO ratios of 1.0 to 2.1. Syngas with H2/CO molar ratio of 1.0 represents syngas characteristic derived from biomass, while the 2.1 molar ratio syngas derived from coal. Rhenium was used as the promoter for the cobalt catalyst. Isothermal Langmuir adsorption mechanism was used to build kinetic model. Existing kinetic model of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over cobalt alumina supported catalysts only valid for operating pressure less than 10 bar. CO insertion mechanism with hydrogenation step of catalyst-adsorbed CO by catalyst-adsorbed H component as the rate-limiting step is valid for operating condition in this research. Higher H2/CO ratio makes faster hydrogenation step and less-product dominated in the associative CO adsorption step and dissociative H2 adsorption equilibrium step. Kinetic constant for hydrogenation step increases 73-421% in syngas with 2.1 H2/CO molar ratio compared to condition with 1.0 H2/CO molar ratio. Faster hydrogenation step (with higher kinetic constant) results in higher reactant conversion. Equilibrium constant for associative CO adsorption and dissociative H2 adsorption step decreases 53-94% and 13-82%, respectively, in syngas with higher H2/CO molar ratio. Less product dominated reactant adsorption step (lower equilibrium constant for CO and H2 adsorption step) gives higher CH4 product selectivity, which occurred on 2.1 molar ratio of syngas. Rhenium (Re) metal on cobalt catalyst with composition 0.05%Re-12%Co/γ-Al2O3 only gives effect as structural promoter, which only increases reactant conversion with the same product selectivity.

Selective Hydrogenation of Biomass-derived Furfural over Supported Ni3Sn2 Alloy: Role of Supports Rodiansono Rodiansono; Maria Dewi Astuti; Syahrul Khairi; Shogo Shimazu
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

A highly active and selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural into furfuryl alcohol was achieved using supported single phase Ni3Sn2 alloy catalysts. Various supports such as active carbon (AC), g-Al2O3, Al(OH)3, ZnO, TiO2, ZrO2, MgO, Li-TN, and SiO2 have been employed in order to understand the role of the support on the formation of Ni3Sn2 alloy phase and its catalytic performance. Supported Ni3Sn2 alloy catalysts were synthesised via a simple hydrothermal treatment of the mixture of aqueous solution of nickel chloride hexahydrate and ethanol solution of tin(II) chloride dihydrate in presence of ethylene glycol at 423 K for 24 h followed by H2 treatment at 673 K for 1.5 h, then characterised by using ICP-AES, XRD, H2- and N2-adsorption. XRD profiles of samples showed that the Ni3Sn2 alloy phases are readily formed during hydrothermal processes and become clearly observed at 2θ = 43-44o after H2 treatment. The presence of Ni3Sn2 alloy species that dispersed on the supports is believed to play a key role in highly active and selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural towards furfuryl alcohol. Ni3Sn2 on TiO2 and ZnO supports exhibited much lower reaction temperature to achieved >99% yield of furfuryl alcohol product compared with other supports. The effects of loading amount of Ni-Sn, reaction conditions (temperature and time profile) on the activity and selectivity towards the desired product are systematically discussed.

The Catalytic Degradation Performance of α-FeOOH Doped with Silicon on Methyl Orange Yonghua Lu; Weiwei Gao; Fang Xu; Guangxian Zhang; Fengxiu Zhang
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

In order to improve the catalytic degradation property of α-FeOOH, α-FeOOH was doped with sodium silicate. The α-FeOOH doped with silicon was used as catalyst to catalyze the degradation of methyl orange. The XRD spectra showed that the crystalline phase of α-FeOOH doped with silicon was same as that of α-FeOOH; The catalytic degradation property of α-FeOOH doped with silicon was 21.7% higher than that of α-FeOOH; The results showed that catalytic degradation of methyl orange was almost degraded thoroughly at the conditions that the concentration of α-FeOOH doped with silicon in the solution was 0.73 g/L, the concentration of H2O2 was 0.231 mmol/L. The pH value was between 2 and 3, and the degradation reaction was carried out at 60 oC for at least 20 min.

Kinetics and Thermodynamics of Ultrasound-Assisted Depolymerization of κ-Carrageenan Ratnawati Ratnawati; Aji Prasetyaningrum; Dyah Hesti Wardhani
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

The ultrasound-assisted depolymerization of κ-carrageenan has been studied at various temperatures and times. The κ-carrageenan with initial molecular weight of 545 kDa was dispersed in water to form a 5 g/L solution, which was then depolymerized in an ultrasound device at various temperatures and times. The viscosity of the solution was measured using Brookfield viscometer, which was then used to find the number-average molecular weight by Mark-Houwink equation. To obtain the kinetics of κ-carrageenan depolymerization, the number-average molecular weight data was treated using midpoint-chain scission kinetics model. The pre-exponential factor and activation energies for the reaction are 2.683×10-7 mol g-1 min-1 and 6.43 kJ mol-1, respectively. The limiting molecular weight varies from 160 kDa to 240 kDa, and it is linearly correlated to temperature. The results are compared to the result of thermal depolymerization by calculating the half life. It is revealed that ultrasound assisted depolymerization of κ-carrageenan is faster than thermal depolymerization at temperatures below 72.2°C. Compared to thermal depolymerization, the ultrasound-assisted process has lower values of Ea, ΔG‡, ΔH‡, and ΔS‡, which can be attributed to the ultrasonically induced breakage of non-covalent bonds in κ-carrageenan molecules.

Kinetic Study on the SO2 Adsorption using CuO/γ-Al2O3 Adsorbent David Bahrin; Subagjo Subagjo; Herri Susanto
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Adsorbent CuO/g-Al2O3 for adsorption of SO2 were prepared by impregnating Cu(NO3)2.3H2O solution. Five types of adsorbent were obtained 5Cu (intended Cu concentration of 5%, actual of 4.92%), 8Cu (7.68%), 15Cu(14.13%), 22Cu (20.80%) and 27Cu (25.80%). For activity test, model gas containing SO2 with a concentration of about 0.755 mol/m3 were passed through the bed of 1 gram adsorbent at a flow rate in the range of 1.4-1.8 mL/s. Adsorption of SO2 were carried out at a constant temperature of 300, 350, 400 or 450 °C. Increasing sulfur loadings (gram of sulfur per gram of adsorbent) were observed with increasing adsorption temperatures, but not with increasing Cu content in the adsorbent. Among those types, adsorbent of 8Cu was considered as the best with respect to the sulfur loading (3 g of sulfur per 100 g of adsorbent). Adsorbent 5Cu had actually a better sulfur loading, but it was suspected being contributed also by adsorption of SO2 on Al2O3. The shrinking core model was used in the kinetic study of adsorption using 8Cu and with additional assumption of a spherical particle. Compared to film diffusion and pore diffusion controlling step models, the reaction rate limitation was the best to fit the experimental data. The reaction rate constant for this model at temperatures of 300, 350, 400 and 450 °C were 0.022, 0.038, 0.042, and 0.059 kg.m.mol-1.min-1, respectively. The activation energy was 21.25 kJ.mol-1 and the frequency factor was 2.02 min-1.

Electro-oxidation of Ethanol on Carbon Supported PtSn and PtSnNi Catalysts Nur Hidayati; Keith Scott
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 1 Year 2016 (April 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Even though platinum is known as an active electro-catalyst for ethanol oxidation at low temperatures (< 100 oC), choosing the electrode material for ethanol electro-oxidation is a crucial issue. It is due to its property which easily poisoned by a strong adsorbed species such as CO. PtSn-based electro-catalysts have been identified as better catalysts for ethanol electro-oxidation. The third material is supposed to improved binary catalysts performance. This work presents a study of the ethanol electro-oxidation on carbon supported Pt-Sn and Pt-Sn-Ni catalysts. These catalysts were prepared by alcohol reduction. Nano-particles with diameters between 2.5-5.0 nm were obtained. The peak of (220) crystalline face centred cubic (fcc) Pt phase for PtSn and PtSnNi alloys was repositioned due to the presence of Sn and/or Ni in the alloy. Furthermore, the modification of Pt with Sn and SnNi improved ethanol and CO electro-oxidation.

Transesterification of Waste Cooking Oil using Calcium Loaded on Deoiled Spent Bleaching Clay as A Solid Base Catalyst Rehan Zainol Abidin; Gaanty Pragas Maniam; Mohd. Hasbi Ab. Rahim
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2016: BCREC Volume 11 Issue 2 Year 2016 (August 2016)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Waste cooking oil has a high potential as a raw material in biodiesel production due to its abundant availability and cheapest among other feedstock. Hence transesterification reaction is carried out using waste cooking oil in this research. The objective of this study is to synthesize and characterize the catalyst. On the other hand, deoiled spent bleaching clay impregnated with 40% CaO utilized as a catalyst. Optimization was carried out on methanol to oil molar ratio (6:1-24:1), catalyst loading (3-10 wt.%) and reaction duration (2-10 h). The catalyst of deoiled spent bleaching clay doped with 40% CaO was prepared by wet impregnation method and calcined at 500 °C for 4 hours. The catalyst shows high activity under optimum condition of 5 hours of reaction time, 12:1 of methanol to oil molar ratio with 7 wt.% of catalyst. The transesterification yields 84.7% methyl ester. Therefore, this catalyst has potential to be used in the transesterification of waste cooking oil in producing biodiesel due to its high activity.

Analyzing Loose Contact Oxidation of Diesel Engine Soot and Ag/CeO2 Catalyst Using Nonlinear Regression Analysis Yasukazu Kobayashi; Riki Hikosaka
Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 2017: BCREC Volume 12 Issue 1 Year 2017 (April 2017)
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering - Diponegoro University

Loose contact (LC) oxidation kinetics of carbon black (CB) model soot and Ag/CeO2 catalyst was deduced from thermogravimetric analysis (TG) experiments. In the LC mode at ≧750 K, CB particles were likely to be combusted also by non-catalyzed oxidation, especially those particles located far from the catalyst surface, as well as Ag/CeO2-catalyed oxidation. Since the non-catalyzed oxidation is not due to catalytic activity, in order to deduce the catalytic activity from TG data, a nonlinear regression analysis method was proposed in this study to extract only the catalyzed oxidation part of the TG data. It was verified that this was successfully done with the equations used by the very good curve fits to the experimental TG data, and the catalytic activity was correctly obtained from LC samples with various degrees of physical contact between the CB and catalyst.

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