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Analisis Pengaruh Jumlah dan Sebaran Ground Control Point (GCP) dalam Proses Ortorektifikasi Citra Satelit Resolusi Tinggi (CSRT) Monica Maharani; Henri Kuncoro
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 7 No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Penggunaan citra satelit resolusi tinggi (CSRT), tidak terlepas dariproses ortorektifikasi. Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG) sebagai instansi yangditunjuk oleh pemerintah sebagai penanggung jawab penyediaan informasigeospasial dasar sesuai dengan UU Informasi Geospasial nomor 4 Tahun 2011memanfaatkan Citra Setelit Resolusi Tinggi (CSRT) untuk keperluan pembuatanpeta skala 1:5.000. Proses ortorektifikasi melibatkan CSRT, ground control point(GCP) dan model elevasi digital (MED). Banyaknya proses ortorektifikasi yangtelah dilakukan dengan simulasi jumlah dan sebaran GCP namun tidakmemberikan kepastian besaran pengaruhnya, mendorong perlunya dilakukanpenelitian dan analisis lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh jumlah dan sebaran GCPpada hasil ortorektifikasi CSRT. Pengolahan data yang dilakukan adalah prosesortorektifikasi citra dengan 7 (tujuh) kali menerapkan simulasi sebaran danjumlah GCP yang berbeda-beda, yaitu 5;9;12;22;32;42;dan 50 buah.Pengurangan GCP dilakukan dengan memperhatikan geometri sebaran GCP agartetap mempertahankan sebaran yang merata, meskipun jumlahnya semakinsedikit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan penambahan jumlah GCP sebanyak 45 GCPdari 5 GCP menjadi 50 GCP ternyata tidak memberikan pengaruh yang besarterhadap keelitian hasil ortomosaik citra. Kenaikan ketelitian hasil ortomosaikcitra yang diperoleh dari penambahan titik sejumlah 50 hanya sebesar 0,2 metersaja.

Variability of Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Surface Salinity in the Ambon Bay and its Relation to ENSO/IOD and Monsoon Corry Corvianawatie; Mutiara Rachmat Putri; Sri Yudawati Cahyarini; Willem Merpy Tatipatta
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) are the most important oceanographic parameter. In this research we study local oceanographic condition in the Ambon Bay (3o40'S and 128o10'E); the variability of SST and SSS due to climatic events El NiÃ±o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indonesian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Monsoon. SST data used from Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 3b (ERSST v3b) and SSS data from Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA 2.2.4). Oceanic Nino Index 3.4 (ONI 3.4) and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) datasets are used to identify the effect of ENSO/IOD on the SST and SSS in the Ambon Bay. We used monthly datasets in 2000-2008 periods. Monsoonal variation dominants in monthly mean time scale. The maximum SST is occurred during the Northwest Monsoon (i.e. in December) and the minimum SST is occurred during the Southeast Monsoon (i.e. in August). While the maximum SSS is occurred in July and minimum SSS is occurred in April. Statistical analysis results there is high correlation between SST and wind speed r=-0.842 (n=108, p<0.05), SSS and wind speed r=0.493 (p<0.05). However, there is very small correlation between SST/SSS anomaly and ONI/DMI. Correlation coefficient of SST anomaly with DMI is r=-0.365 (n=108, p<0.05), and with ONI 3.4 is r=-0.071 (n=108, p>0.05). The correlation coefficient of SSS anomaly with DMI is r=0.112 (n=108, p>0.05), and with ONI 3.4 is r=0.191 (n=108, p<0.05). Based on these reviews summarized that in the seasonal variation of SST and SSS in the Ambon Bay is dominated by the monsoonal effect rather than the ENSO and IOD events.

Reconstructing Disrupted Water Level Records in A Tide Dominated Region Using Data Mining Technique Hidayat Hidayat; Fajar Setiawan; Unggul Handoko
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. A continuous time-series of certain hydrographical data, such as water levels, is required for various purposes such as time series analysis to study system behaviour and to perform predictions. However, due to some technical failure or natural obstacles, disruptions of measurements may occur. Data gap filling technique is then required to obtain a reliable reconstructed continuous time-series. Linear regression is an example of the simplest technique in data gap filling for parameters that can be linearized. Most of hydrographical data, however, are highly non-linear. Therefore a more advanced techniques are required to complete the missing data. This paper discusses the application of data mining technique in obtaining a continuous water level data using the M5 model tree. The main idea of the M5 model tree machine-learning technique is that the algorithm splits the parameter space into subspaces and then builds a linear regression model for each subspaces. Therefore, the resulting model can be regarded as a modular model. This technique was applied to reconstruct a disrupted water level record of the Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. A datasets obtained during a measurement campaign in 2008-2009 were split into the training and validation sets. The model was trained using the three-hourly water level data from the Delta Apex and Tenggarong measurement stations. Water level records show the semi-diurnal character of tides in the region, and that the tides are still dominant in the upstream area at the Tenggarong station located about 40 km from the Delta Apex. Four previous time-step data from the Tenggarong station were included as input to the model to cover the time lag of tide propagation between the two stations. Nash"“Sutcliffe coefficient of Efficiency were used to evaluate the model. Nine model rules (using smoothed linear models) were obtained from the training of the M5 model tree, which are executed sequentially until suitable conditions are matched. Validation shows that M5 model tree can satisfactorily be applied as an alternative tool for water level data gap filling in the tide dominated region. Keyword: data mining, hydrographical data, water levels, time-series

The Calculation of Erosion and Sedimentation Rate in Coastal Zone Using Satellite Imageries (Case Study: Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Kabupaten Bekasi, West Java) Dianlisa Ekaputri; Wiwin Windupranata; Agung Budi Harto
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. Coastal zone is a transition area which always influenced by the changes of the land and ocean. The changes may occur due to the tide, current, wave, wind, sea water intrusion, runoff, contamination, or continental shelf area. As an effect, erosion and sedimentation phenomenon are occurred and could cause the changes of coastline shape. Kecamatan Muara Gembong which belongs to Kabupaten Bekasi is located in the Northern Coast of Java Island. Due to its geographical location, this area is threatened by the risk that is caused by erosion and sedimentation in the coastal zone. Therefore, study in this area is needed in order to identify the changes of the coastline. Coastline mapping through spatio-temporal LANDSAT-7 ETM+ satellite imageries is one of the methods to conduct this study. It uses satellite images from year 2000 "“ 2012. These images were processed by two visual image enhancement methods, named ratioing and BILKO algorithm, so that the visual differences between the land and the ocean could be identified. After the images were processed, coastline digitizing could be done annually from both methods. The result of this study is that there is a significant amount of erosion occurred in the coastal zone of Desa Pantai Bahagia and Desa Pantai Sederhana with the value of 139.05 Ha and 91.65 Ha from the ratioing method whereas the result from BILKO algorithm method is 141.56 Ha and 103.82 Ha. Desa Pantai Mekar has the least reduces, that is 30.44 Ha from ratioing method and 26.27 Ha from BILKO algorithm method. Based on Net Coastline Changes, the area of Kecamatan Muara Gembong from year 2000"“2012 has reduced 346.54"“349.56 Ha with the speed average of erosion that has been obtained is 28.88"“29.13 Ha/year. Keywords: coastline changes, LANDSAT-7 ETM+ satellite imageries, erosion, sedimentation

The Coastal Platform Morphodynamics Characteristics Belang Bay, North Sulawesi Province Joyce Christian Kumaat; Sontje Tonly Boy Kandoli; Agnes Tenly Moningkey
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. Coastal dynamics represent change from time to time, could be the form of coastal presenting effect ofsedimentation and earn also in the form of coastal backing effect of erosion.This research of coastalmorphodynamics on Belang Bay, will study by some aspect that is: beach morphology, grain size sediment andhydrodynamics activity. The purpose of this study is to see how far the influence of the morphodynamics of thecoastal damage and sensitivity (susceptibility) coastal sea water due to the influence of hydrodynamics. Methodof data collection and analysis, two main parameters were measured wave energy and beach characteristics.Knowledge on the morphodynamic behaviour of beaches was obtained from a topographic measurementsof 15 beach transects normal to the coastline. Widely used morphodynamic parameters, like the SurfSimilarity and the Surf Scaling parameters, were applied to the data, resulting in a general morphodynamiccharacterization of beaches, represented in a map of beach type distribution. In molompar beach identified bysediment material vary between finesand up to coarse sand which is distribution in each coastal circulationcell of Molompar beach.Keywords: hydrodynamics, morphodynamic, surf, similarity, coastal

The Spatio Temporal Dynamic of Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient in the Tropical Berau Estuary, East Kalimantan Indonesia Wiwin Ambarwulan; Widiatmaka Widiatmaka
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. The availability of light in the water column determines the euphotic zone and constrains the type and the vertical distribution of benthic species. Diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd) is an important apparent optical property (AOP) that provide information about the attenuation of the spectral down welling solar irradiance with depth in the water. Ocean color Satellite provide global coverage of optical water quality parameters at spatial and temporal resolution. Several empirical and semi-analytical models are commonly used to derive Kd at wavelength 490 nm Kd(490) from ocean colour satellite sensors. This study present about the diffuse attenuation coefficient, Kd(490) using semi-analytical approach. The dynamic Kd(490) in the Berau Estuary water was studied and compared with those derived from ocean color satellite sensor, Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS). The study indicated that Kd(490) of in situ measurement had the best correlation with the Kd(490) of MERIS data of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) derived with FUB (Free University Berlin) algorithm (R2=0,84). The dynamic of Kd(490) from MERIS data on different date indicated that the Kd(490) have a similar pattern and decreased when going to offshore. Keywords: MERIS, Secchi disc depth, tropical coastal water, Kd(490), a semi-analytical approach

Ship Detection based on Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique Agustan Agustan; Rubby Siddik Agustino
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. The ability of radar signals to penetrate cloud is one advantage to be used in tropical regionto monitor objects on the surface from the space. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is onetechnique in radar remote sensing that can be utilized for marine applications such as surfacewaves monitoring, ocean current circulation detection, oil slick monitoring and shipdetection. In order to assess the ability of SAR technique for ship detection, we analyze SARdata acquired by full polarimetric and interferometric airborne SAR in L-band type-2 (Pi-SARL2) from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). This research explains the strategy inSAR data processing for ship detection application in Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi Sea. It isfound that long wavelength i.e. L-band is able to identify ships on the sea with incidence angleof radar beam greater then 50 degree gives the best signal clutter ratio between signal fromthe ship to sea clutter variation. The identification includes the size estimation and thelocation. Horizontal-Horizontal (HH) polarization can identify ships clearer in calm seacondition, whereas Horizontal-Vertical (HV) polarization is better in severe sea condition.However, it is difficult to estimate the speed of moving ships on the sea and the shipsmaterial. It is also found that by combining SAR data with VMS (Vessel Monitoring System)data it is possible to identify ships without VMS and useful for improving security issue inmarine sector. Keywords: SAR, ship detection, polarization, VMS

Mapping of Coastal Vulnerability Index on Coastal erosions in The Perspective of Economy (Study Area: Kecamatan Muara Gembong, Kabupaten Bekasi) Aldila Pradhana; Wiwin Windupranata; Wisayantono Wisayantono
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. Muara Gembong is a district that located in north coast of West Java and affected by the phenomena of coastal erosion. This phenomenon causes decreased land in Muara Gembong. To find out how vulnerable the villages in these districts by coastal erosion, it is necessary to map coastal vulnerability index. Value of coastal vulnerability index was obtained by classifying of coastal vulnerability index variable based on the value of the class and then it multiplied by the value of the weight of each variable. These variables defined into two, physical variables and non-physical variables (economy). The results of calculation are presented in tables and maps of coastal vulnerability index. Based on the research result, all coastal villages in Muara Gembong are in vulnerable conditions when calculated by non physical variables. If based on physical variables and combination variable of physical and nonphysical, three of five coastal villages are in vulnerable condition. Result of this research described the big potential of lose in economy sector. Keywords: Position, coordinates, Geodetic Reference System, Datum coordinates.

Problem Identification of Marine Cadastre in Indonesian Archipelagic Perspective Yackob Astor; Widyo Nugraha Sulasdi; Dwi Wisayantono; Sadikin Hendriatiningsih
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. Indonesia as an archipelagic country has marine area larger than land area, 13.446 islands (Geospatial Information Agency, 2012) with coastline 95,181 km (Indonesian Maritime Council, 2008), making Indonesia has natural resources of the sea more than the natural resources on land. This potential conditions of marine resources is seen as an opportunity for Indonesia as a developing country to build excellence in coastal and marine field. But during 68 years of the nation's independence, maritime sector has notproved as a sector that can be seeded by the nation and relied by Indonesian people. Based on the literature, one of the main problems in Indonesian ocean is marine boundariesdetermination are unclear and unresolved causes uncontrolled human intervention in managing marine resources and chaotic patterns of use of marine resources, uncontrolled utilization even destructive. This paper discusses about marine boundaries problems that is happened in Indonesia whether they arise from the country and from abroad. Until now much of Indonesia marine boundaries with neighboring countries are still unfinished. Implementation of UUD1945 Article 18 and 25 junctoLaw No.32/2004 juncto Regulation of the ministry of home affairs No. 1/2006 about determination and demarcation of boundaries (including marine boundary) hasn'trealized. There is no certaintboundaries of exploitation and utilization activities in ocean spacebyinstitutional (sector), nor implementation of marine management in eastern Indonesia that more often faced with the existence of customary marine management caused overlapping claims marine areas that can raisemarine boundariesconflicts between regions, sectors or customary. In general, marine cadastre deals with how states define, organize and manage marine boundaries in their countries. This condition causes marine cadastre concepts in continental countries such as America, Canada, and Australia can not be fully implemented in Indonesia. Marine cadastre concept for Indonesia should adopt the archipelago needs, in the context associated with UNCLOS'82, Law No. 32 2004 about regional autonomy, Law No.27 2007 about coastal management areas and small islands, and customary marine authority. This paper is part of dissertation research in order to build model of marine cadastre system uses evaluation definition approach and geospatial information principles. Keywords: Marine Boundaries, Marine Cadastre, Archipelagic Perspective

Optimisasi Spasial Rasio Lahan dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Data Wilayah Pesisir Secara Berkelanjutan Wilayah Studi: Pesisir Selat Madura Jawa Timur (Spatial Optimization of Land Ratio in Sustainable Coastal Zone Resource Management: Study Location Madura Dwi Wisayantono
Indonesian Journal of Geospatial Vol 3 No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Indonesian Journal of Geospatial

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Abstract. Agenda 21/1992 chapter 17 and Indonesia Republic Act No. 27/2007 provides a view on the management of coastal zone with the concept of sustainable development. The manifestation of the concept has been transformed into various forms of coastal research management strategies in accordance with the categories and characteristics of state elements (governance, territory and population). A dynamic development of Indonesia as a developing country, makes the issue due to land scarcity and human population arise. By using geographic-demographic approach, the correlation between every element produce different forms of relationships, which one of them is land ratio. The pattern of land ratios tend to be unbalanced (shrink) spatially and temporally. The pattern of these trends impact the entity's land (land use change, changes in land area, land productivity, environmental degradation) and the entities of population (odds work, consumption, the value of income, and poverty). Thereby, the government and local governments should have an appropriate management strategy to the dynamics relationships of human resources and coastal resources along with all the characteristic. This study examined the extent to which the condition of the land ratio can be optimized within the framework of coastal resource management strategies according to the principles of balance and sustainability. The framework is made through a process of transformation of existing land ratio to the optimum ratio of land. Research methodology begins with mapping land ratio from the global level, national level, to the study in the coastal region of the Madura Strait. Spatially, the dynamics approach of coastal resource use unit area of the ecosystem (DAS Brantas and Madura Strait) and administrative area (county and city). From the temporally land use and population dynamics data from 1971-2005 and the prediction of condition land ratio in 2014 and 2025. Optimization process is done by theory of system and theory of optimization approach. Results of spatial land ratio optimization are examined using three location theory approach, there are Alferd Weber, Melvin Greenhut- A Losch and Walter Isard. According to the optimization result, location theory analysis and geographical association, the conclusion of this research is that the spatial optimization method can describe the geographical correlation between land resources and human resources variable, so this method can be used to measure land ratio value and to measure the principle of balance, fairness and equity between regions. Optimization of spatial land ratio in coastal resource management strategies can be placed as a feedback in any planning process, utilization, monitoring and control. Keywords: the state elements, spatial optimization, the ratio of land, geo-demographic, geographical associations, coastal resources, sustainable development.

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