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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Articles 382 Documents

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FILARIAL DETECTION BY MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION AND SEROLOGICAL ASSAY UTILIZING BMR1 AND BMXSP RECOMBINANT ANTIGENS FOR EVALUATION OF FILARIASIS ELIMINATION PROGRAM AT KAMPUNG SAWAH AND PAMULANG, SOUTH TANGERANG DISTRICT, BANTEN, INDONESIA Nasution, Silvia
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 6 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

South Tangerang district is one of the endemic areas for filariasis; and based on an evaluation study in 2008-2009 which covered several subdistricts, the prevalence of microfilaria was between 1–2.4%. Nevertheless, the evaluation by serological assay has never been reported. A cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the microfilaremia and anti-filarial IgG4 antibody status in Kp Sawah and Pamulang subdistricts. Cluster sampling was performed in Kp Sawah by collecting finger-prick blood (FPB) and venous blood samples from inhabitants who lived with and nearby the four elephantiasis subjects in the area. The FPB were only collected in Pamulang area by consecutive sampling method. The detection method included microscopic evaluation of FPB and serological detection using recombinant antigens BmR1 and BmSXP by ELISA and lateral flow rapid tests. Symptomatic patients who had 2nd and 3rd degree of elephantiasis were clinically determined in 10% (4/40) subjects. Among those with elephantiasis, 2 were positive serologically but their microscopic results were all negative (40/40). Meanwhile, the microscopic result for 107 subjects from Pamulang were all negative. The results of the rapid tests showed that 15% (6/40) of the positive cases were detected by Brugia Rapid and 27.5% (11/40) by PanLF. Meanwhile, the ELISA showed that 20% (8/40) of the cases were positive with BmSXP, whereas only 2.5% or 1/40 sample was found to be positive with BmR1. Even though the sensitivity of the Rapid test was lower when compared to microscopic examination for these samples, the assay showed good specificity ranging from 72.5 to 97.5%. The optical density (OD) values of ELISA has ranged between 0.3–3.045.

The Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen to Platelet Aggregation in Diabetic Patients Type II (NIDDM) Widiyanti, Prihartini
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Prevalency of Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia has tendency to be increased from year to year. Hyperbaric Oxygenation (HBO) has been used as treatment of Diabetes Mellitus's complication especially diabetic gangrene. But the effect of HBO to the rheology's disfunction especially platelet's aggregation in the patients of NIDDM was investigated. The randomized pretest-posttest design was used in this study. An experimental laboratory study was performed at Naval Health Institution in Surabaya. 32 patients of NIDDM,women, 40–75 years old, normal physic's diagnosa, normal thorak's photo, normal EKG, normal Ear Nose and Throat, Diabetes Mellitus's family's record, normal weight (BMI), blood glucose level didn't exceed 400 mg/dl (including controlled DM FBG < 120 mg/dl dan 2 H BG < 160 mg/dl), NIDDM, normal level of HbA1c (4–5,9), as long as this research they couldn't take their Oral Hipoglikemic Agent, Oral Anti Trombotic, vitamin C and vitamin E. They are divided into 2 group: group of HBO 100% O 2,4 ATA for 3x30 minutes with interval 5 minutes to inhalate air once a day daily for 5 days subsequently and the extraction of data (PAT) had been held before oxygenation hyperbaric therapy at the first day and the end of fifth days, in control group only giving 20% O2 with the pressure 1 ATA for 90 minutes once a day daily for 5 days subsequently and the extraction of data (PAT) had been held before normoxia normobaric therapy at the first day and the end of fifth days. The results were significant decrease of the platelet's aggregation level especially percent of aggregation after 5 days from 76,56 ± 8,06 become 69,13 ± 6,03. Latent Periode has also decrease from 28,75 ± 3,87 become 25,75 ± 2,82. Speed of Aggregation has also decrease from 66,25 ± 3,17 become 62,50 ± 3,44. Index of Aggregation has also decrease from 0,763 ± 0,071 become 0,581 ± 0,083. Using paired t-test, it could be seen the decrease of Latent Periode (p= 0,001) and index of aggregation (p= 0,000) significantly after exposure of oxygenation hyperbaric HBO 2,4 ATA 100% O 3í—30 minutes with interval 5 minutes inhalate air once a day for 5 days,subsequently. Speed of aggregation (p = 0,022) and percent of aggregation (p= 0,013) are nonsignificantly. The conclusion of this research is that oxygenation hyperbaric 2,4 ATA 100% O2 3í—30 minutes with interval 5 minutes inhalate air once a day for 5 days,subsequently could decrease latent periode, speed of aggregation, index of aggregation and percent of aggregation in NIDDM

THE EFFECTS OF NICOTINE ON THE PERIODONTAL TISSUE Herawati, Herawati; Sunariani, Jenny
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Tobacco contains thousands of chemical substances which known to be harmful to periodontal tissues. Nicotine was considered as the most toxic substances to periodontal tissues. The datas in this review indicate that smoking may have a significant role in the initiation and progression of periodontal destruction. The conclusion of this and the other studies indicate that smokers have a less favorable response to periodontal therapy than non smoker. Nicotine is potentially toxic substances that have a detrimental effect on periodontal tissue, by altering the host response or directly damage the cells of normal periodontium.

THE MONTHLY CHANGING OF THE LOWEST POPULATION DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION IN PATIENT AT SOERYA HOSPITAL SIDOARJO IN 00 Soegijanto, Soegeng
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 2 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Background: Dengue virus infection is one of the important health problems in Indonesia, although the mortality rate has been decreased but many dengue shock syndrome cases is very difficult to be solving handled. To solve this problem, some factor that influence the prevalence of dengue virus infection should be studied. The Aim of Study: To detect some factor that maintain the higher case of dengue virus infection in patient at the Soerya Hospital Sepanjang, Sidoarjo. Material & Method: Study had been done at Soerya Hospital Sepanjang, Sidoarjo since January 1, 2007 until December 31, 2010. All cases suspected dengue virus infection in patient at soerya hospital were diagnosed based on WHO criteria in 1997 and PCR examination in ITD laboratory. The Result: In 2007, 2008, 2009, the monthly observation showed that decreasing cases of dengue virus infection in patient at Soerya Hospital had been found on September, but in 2010 this event had been found on November. Why this event to be change? It is suggested might be due to global warming in the world and the climate going to influence the environment sanitation. Interaction between agent host and environment becoming increase it might be due to the changing of climate can influence the growing population Aedes Aegyptie and Aedes Albopictus promoting to increase vector for transmit dengue virus infection. It is prominent in sub urban area, with have many peoples don't aware with the bad environment sanitation. And many peoples showed very dynamic for living until the idea good environment do not be thought. By this condition the monthly population dengue virus infection in patient at hospital are going to maintain higher more than six months than usually. On the year 2007, 2008, 2009 the lowest cases found on September. In 2010, the lowest cases had been found on November. The Conclusion: Global warming, increasing sub urban area which have many peoples don't aware with the bad environment sanitation and have highly dynamic peoples for getting some money for their life, could influence the higher cases dengue virus infection in patient at hospital more than 6 months.

HIV and Malaria Parwitasari, Ririek; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

HIV/AIDS is a global problem involving industrialized and developing country including Indonesia. Malaria has killed millions of human beings almost 3 million people each year, whereas since 1999, nearly 36 million people in the world infected with HIV and 3 million more have died (Kakilaya, 2006). HIV infection increases the risk and aggravate malaria. In Africa in the area of malaria transmission intensities high and low, HIV aggravate malaria and improve case fatality at any age (Eline 2006). HIV is an RNA viruses whose hallmark is the reverse transcriptation of its genomic. Malaria is a protozoan disease transmitted by the bite of infected anopheles mosquito. Infection malaria can stimulate HIV replication and may cause faster progression of HIV disease.

SERO-EPIDEMIOLOGY OF DENGUE VIRUS INFECTION IN CITIES OF INDONESIA Soegijanto, Soegeng; Mulyanto, Kris Cahyo; Churotin, Siti; Kotaki, Tomohiro; Kamioka, Masa Nori; Konichi, Eiji; Yamanaka, Atsusi; Wikanesthi, Dyah
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 4 No. 4 (2013)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Background: Dengue Virus Infektion is major public health problem in Indonesia. Aedesaegypti is widespread in both urban and rural areas, where multiple virus Serotype are circulating. On 2013 outbreak of dengue virus infection occur in East Java. Therefore study seroepidemiology in Bangkalan and Lombok had been done. Aim: to find a mutated strain of Dengue Virus in 4 cities of Indonesia. Method: On 2011 and 2012 seroepidemiology study had been done in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya and Soerya Sidoarjo Hospital; and on 2013 study had been done in Surabaya, Bangkalan and Lombok Hospital . Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection was based on Criteri WHO - 2009. Virus isolation in Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Bangkalan and Lombok had been done. Result: a total of 349 isolate were obtained from dengue patients sera collected in Surabaya and Sidoarjo, 2011–2012 showed that Den V1 (182), Den V2 (20) Den V4 (1) were found in Surabaya on 2011 and Den V 1 (79) , Den V 2 (7) were found in Surabaya on 2012; Den V1 (40), Den V 2 (3) were found in Sidoarjo on 2011 and Den V 1 (17) were found in Sidoarjo on 2012; Virus isolation in Surabaya on 2013, January: 237 serum sample were collected, found Den V 1 (8), Den V 3 (2) and Den V 4 (5). And PCR stereotyping of isolated viruses in Madura found Den V 1 (1) and Den V 4 (23). In Lombok found Den V 4 (4).It is possible to shift predominant strain in Surabaya , Genotype or Serotype shift might increase the number of dengue patients. Conclusion: there were shift predominant strain in Surabaya especially Den V 1. Therefore to continuous surveillance of circulating viruses is required to predict the risk of DHF and DF.

THE EFFECT OF GENDARUSSIN A ISOLATES OF Justicia gendarussa Burm.f. LEAF IN REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE IN HIBITION OF HIV TYPE I INVITRO E. W., Bambang Prajogo; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Aksono, Bimo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 5 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Screening has been done to a few extracts from the leaves Justicia gendarussa Burm.f to see the growth rate of the virus from the blood plasma of HIV patients at Dr Soetomo Hospital. It is known that J. gendarussa leaf extract inhibits HIV type 1 reverse transcriptase. In addition, its main content is gendarussin A, besides gendarussin B, JGF1, JGF2 and JGF3, which have just identified. At the beginning, extraction and fractionation were performed with 3 models that highlight the absolute methanol, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol with the release of alkaloids. Furthermore, samples of each fraction were incubated in plasma of HIV patients with a titer of 3.6 10^6 copies for 1 h in concentrations of 1.64 ppm, 4.1 ppm, 8.2 ppm, 16.4 ppm and 41.0 ppm. After incubation, examination was performed by using Nucli sens a machine, which is a combination of PCR and Elisa, thus avoiding direct contact with the highly pathogenic virus. The result showed that the activity sequence from the most potential to the weak, among others, was 1.64 ppm >4.1 ppm > 8.2 ppm > 16.4 ppm > 41.0 ppm, each with barriers value of 0.62 10^6, 1.4 10^6, 1.6 10^6, 2.4 10 cells/ml. In conclusion, highest anti-HIV activity comes from the concentration of gendarussin A isolate at 1.64 ppm. Furthermore, after linearregression of y = -3.063 x + 81.37 was done, the IC50 of 10.24 ppm was obtained.

ANALYSI S ON SECONDARY I NFECTI ON- TRI GGERI NG MICROORGANISMS IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS AS A MODEL FOR POLICY CONTROL Rahayu, Retno Pudji; Nasronudin, Nasronudin; Indrawati, Retno; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Lukito, Bimo Dwi; Ferdiansyah, Ferdiansyah; Khairunisa, Siti Qomariyah; Mutamsari, Adiana; Kotaki, Tomohiro
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 4 (2015)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

HIV infection is associated with immune-compromised and rising in opportunistic infection (secondary infection). Therefore, the number of mortality caused by HIV/AIDS is increasing. The use of ARV and development of HIV/AIDS management are expected to suppress the progress of HIV infection into AIDS and, therefore, the mortality can be diminished, while in fact most of the patients eventually suffer from AIDS due to secondary infection that commonly causes death. There should be a management by analysing microorganisms that trigger secondary infection. The method of this study was observational descriptive with cross sectional design. HIV infected blood samples were using ELISA Antibody (IgG and IgM) and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on laboratory test. The result showed correlation between HIV/AIDS severity and the amount and types of secondary infection. The most common secondary infections were toxoplasm (96.77%), hepatitis C (22.58%), tuberculosis (19.35%), and hepatitis B (3.22%). Other less frequent secondary infections, which were quite difficult to diagnose and not commonly found in Indonesia, were West Nile Virus (25.81%), Japanese Encephalitis Virus (3.22%), and Enterovirus (3.22%). Due to MDGs (Millenium Development Goals) target and the results above, researchers are highly demanded to contribute in decreasing mortality related to AIDS through early detection of secondary infection,including type of infection which have not been commonly found in Indonesia, such as West Nile Virus and Nipah Virus. The discovery of secondary infection in this study was not enough to suppress the occurrence of infection in HIV/AIDS patients. Antimicrobes and good nutrition are required. Moreover, there should be either a primary or secondary prophylaxis to prevent secondary infection that raises the number of mortality and morbidity of HIV/AIDS patients. The result of this study was to meet the target of MDGs by establishing new policies in handling HIV/AIDS infections and have potential as model for policy control in HIV/AIDS.

WHAT IS MALARIA? Tantular, Indah Setyawati
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 3 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Malaria persists as an undiminished global problem and still is the cause of much human morbidity and mortality. Although the disease has been eradicated in many temperate zones, it continues to be endemic throughout much of the tropics and subtropics. Many tools for understanding its biology and epidemiology are well developed, with a particular richness of comparative genome sequences. Studies of the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of human malaria methods, and analyses of parasite polymorphisms have long had have already been influenced by the availability of molecular useful and highly informative applications. The molecular epidemiology of malaria is currently undergoing its most substantial revolution as a result of the genomic information and technologiesthat are available in well-resourced centers. However, great progress in malaria control has been made in some highly endemic countries. Vector control is assuming a new importance with the significant reductions in malaria burden achieved using combined malaria control interventions. Education of health workers and communities about malaria prevention, diagnosis and treatment is a vital component of effective case management, especially as diagnostic policies change.

MYCOBACTERIA AND OTHER ACID FAST ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH PULMONARY DISEASE IN JOS, NIGERIA PULMONARY DISEASE AND ACID FAST ORGANISMS AE, Ani; B, Diarra; UR, Dahle; C, Lekuk; F, Yetunde; AM, Somboro; Tounkara, Anatole; J, Idoko
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Objective: Acid fast bacilli (AFB) for sputum smear microscopy is the affordable method used for prompt diagnosis of tuberculosis in Nigeria despite its lack of specificity and limited sensitivity. The study aims to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other acid fast organisms isolated from sputum of of HIV positive adult patients with pulmonary disease in Jos, Nigeria. Methods: Acid fast organisms isolated from 80 AFB positive sputa of HIV positive adult patients suspected for tuberculosis in Jos, Nigeria were identified for members of M. tuberculosis Complex (M tuberculosis, M bovis, M africanum, M canetti M. microti and M. caprae) by use of spoligootyping, Multiplex Gen Probe, Hain genotype assay and gene sequencing for spoligotype negative isolates. Results: Seven different spoligotypes of M. tuberculosis complex were identified from 70/80 (87.5%) total number of isolates. M. kansasii (1), M. dulvalii (1) Nocardia species (1) and Tsukamurella species (2) were detected from 5/10 spoligotype negative isolates. Conclusion and Recommendation: Although M. tuberculosis is the dominant AFB associated with chronic pulmonary disease in Jos, Nigeria, other clinically relevant mycobacteria were observed in the study. This suggests that other AFB positive microorganisms associated withtuberculosis -like symptoms could be misdiagnosed and incorrectly treated as M. tuberculosis. It is therefore necessary for laboratories in TB high burden countries to step up diagnostic procedures beyond routine smear microscopy.

Page 18 of 39 | Total Record : 382

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