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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 382 Documents

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TUBERCULOSIS COUNTER (TC) AS THE EQUIPMENT TO MEASURE THE LEVEL OF TB IN SPUTUM Purwanda, Fendy; Fibriawan, Yufan; Sasmito, Dyar; Rahmawati, Fatkhunisa; Widiyanti, Prihartini
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is the third killer disease aftercardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, and is also he number one killer disease in a group of infectious diseases. This is partly due to the late handling and a non real time detection, both of which will inhibit the therapy which yields a large numberof microorganisms in the body, and will eventually complicate the recovery. Based on this phenomenon, we offered an alternativesolution for detecting the sum of microorganism using Tuberculosis Counter, a tool used to count the number of Tuberculosis bacteria in the patient's sputum. Technically, the patient's sputum preparat was screened using the TCS230 color sensor that was able to filter the color of the preparat. Tuberculosis bacteria in the stained sputum Ziehl-Niellsen preparat was colored red, while the other was colored blue. By utilizing these optical phenomena, the TCS230 color sensor was supposed to filter the red color in the preparat. By using regression equation measurement, we gained the equation which then correlated the bit value as an output of the sensor with the number of Tuberculosis bacteria. Then, the digitalization process yielded the real time and accurate data of Tuberculosis bacteria.

HEART ABNORMALITY CLASSIFICATIONS USING FOURIER TRANSFORMS METHOD AND NEURAL NETWORKS Purwanti, Endah; Nastiti, Amadea Kurnia; Supardi, Adri
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Health problems with cardiovascular system disorder are still ranked high globally. One way to detect abnormalities in the cardiovascular system especially in the heart is through the electrocardiogram (ECG) reading. However, reading ECG recording needs experience and expertise, software-based neural networks has designed to help identify any abnormalities of the heart through electrocardiogram digital image. This image is processed using image processing methods to obtain ordinate chart which representing the heart's electrical potential. Feature extraction using Fourier transforms which are divided into several numbers of coefficients. As the software input, Fourier transforms coefficient have been normalized. Output of this software is divided into three classes, namely heart with atrial fibrillation, coronary heart disease and normal. Maximum accuracy rate of this software is 95.45%, with the distribution of the Fourier transform coefficients 1/8 and number of nodes 5, while minimum accuracy rate of this software at least 68.18% by distribution of the Fourier transform coefficients 1/32 and the number of nodes 32. Overall result accuracy rate of this software has an average of 86.05% and standard deviation of 7.82.

A PATIENT DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH SPASMS Kholili, Ulfa; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 5 No. 3 (2014)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Indonesia is one of the countries with the high endemic of Dengue viral infection followed by Thailand, Myanmar, India and Srilanka. For more 10-15 years, Dengue Viral Infection/DHF has become a cause of patient who should be hospitalized and was the first cause of death children in south easthern Asia.1,2 Batavia was the first city of Indonesia found Dengue Viral infection which had been written in journal by David Bylon in the 1779. Encephalopathy of dengue (ED) is one unusually complication of dengue viral infection which had been characterized by aberration the arrangement of nerves central (CNS). This paper want to describe of a young teenage with suffer from DHF and seizure. Beside it, pleural effusion and cerebral edema had been found. Seizure most likely due to dengue encephalopathy associated with cerebral edema and was supported by positive IgG and IgM anti dengue. Corticosteroid was given toimprove cerebral edema. By good management as long as admission, she was discharged from hospital with a good condition.

Mycobacterium leprae BACILLEMIA IN BOTH TWINS, BUT ONLY MANIFEST AS LEPROSY IN ONE SIBLING Sukmawati, Netty; Agusni, Indropo; Listiawan, M. Yulianto; Prakoeswa, Cita Rosita S.; Adriaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, Ratna; Iswahyudi, Iswahyudi
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Leprosy in twins is rarely reported. A 19 years-old male student, from Lamongan district, was diagnosed as Multibacillary (MB) leprosy in the Skin and STD Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya. Multiple anesthetic skin lesions were found, but the bacteriologic examination was negative for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Histopathology examination support the diagnosis of BL type of leprosy. His twin brother that has been lived together since born until present seems healthy without any complaints of skin lesions and have no signs of leprosy. When a serologic examination for leprosy was performed, a high anti PGL-1 antibody level was found in patient (IgM anti PGL-1 2937 and IgG anti PGL-1 3080 unit/ml) while his healthy twin brother showed only low level (IgM 745 and IgG 0 unit/ml). Interestingly when a PCR study was performed to detect M.leprae in the blood, both of them showed positive results. Using the TTC method, a genomic study of for M.leprae, it is revealed that both samples were identic ( 27x TTC repeats). According to patient's history, he had a traffic accident and got a wound in the knee seven years ago, while the skin lesions seems started from this area around three years ago before it spread to other parts of the body. The patient was treated with Multi-drug therapy (MDT) while his sibling got a prophylactic treatment for leprosy. After 6 months of treatment, the leprosy skin lesions were diminished and the serologic anti PGL 1 has been decreased. His healthy brother also showed a decrease in anti PGL 1 level and no skin signs of leprosy.

Tropical Disease Prevention and Control: Is It Now Knowledge Management Era? Sudiarno, Adithya; Rahman, Arief; Partiwi, Sri Gunani
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 2 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Indonesia is the part of developing Asian countries, until now still not declared free from various types of tropical diseases. Whereas, several years ago Indonesia has declared free from various kinds of tropical diseases, but in fact, tropical diseases up to now still cannot be eliminated. Moreover the prevalence rates of tropical diseases tended to increase from year to year. One of the reasons Indonesia is a tropical climate, but in fact we are not able to control the climate. In this condition, what we can do is to raise public awareness so the spread of the disease can be controlled. It was time for an early awareness efforts conducted in a participatory manner by all stakeholders. In this case, stakeholders can be health practitioners, researchers, policy makers (official), and even the citizens. Participatory awareness can be enhanced if we have an integrated system that can accommodate all knowledge about tropical disease. The knowledge consists of characteristic about disease, potential risk, how to cure, how to isolate disease in community, and absolutely important is how to prevent of illness, etc. This paper aims to propose an integrated system called Tropical Disease Knowledge Management System (TDKMS) for enhancing the participatory awareness.

CLINICAL MANIFESTATION APPROACH OF DENGUE VIRAL INFECTION Tjahjono, Ganis; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Nasronudin, Nasronudin
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Currently by an estimated 50-100 million dengue fever cases per year in worldwide, 500.000 were in the form of a disease is heavy Dengue Hemorraghic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Survey serology in Indonesia show that DEN-1 and DEN-2 are the dominant serotipe virus until the end of the 1980s but the recent shift has occurred epizoötic where viruses DEN-3 dominant. (Dos Santos, 2004; Malavige, 2004; Stephenson, 2005). Dengue virus infection induces transient immune aberrant activation of CD4/CD8 ratio inversion and cytokine overproduction, and infection of endothelial cells and hepatocytes causes apoptosis and dysfunction of these cells. The aberrant immune responses not only impaire the immune response to clear the virus, but also result in overproduction of cytokines that affect monocytes, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Dengue-virus-induced vasculopathy and coagulopathy must be involved in the pathogenesis of hemorrhage, and the unbalace between coagulation and fibrinolysis activation, and prolonged duration of shock increase the likelihood of severe hemorrhage in DHF/DSS. Capillary leakage is triggered by the dengue virus itself or by antibodies to its antigen. To date, there are no effective strategies to prevent the progression of DHF/DSS. The control of dengue will be possible only after an efficient vaccine has been developed.

BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF AZITROMICYN ON CONNECTIVE TISSUE Kurnia, Shafira
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 2 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Background: periodontal disease is commonly caused by bacteria, especially actinomyces actinomycetemcomitans and porphyromonas gingivalis have an abilty enter epithelial cells objectives: to investigate systemic azithromycin as the antibiotic of choice for periodontal disease based on biocomptability test in connective tissue. Material and Methods: BHK 21 cell lines were exposed to 0.025%, 0.050%, 0.075%, and 0.1% azithromycin solution for seven times. Samples were put in incubator for 24 hours. Result: Azitrromycin 0.050%-0.1% showed significant difference between life cells percentage and control, however, azithromycin 0.025% revealed insignificant difference with control. Conclusion: 0.025% azithromycin was considered biocompatible with connective tissue and 0.050% was not.

DIGITAL DETECTION SYSTEM DESIGN OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS THROUGH EXTRACTION OF SPUTUM IMAGE USING NEURAL NETWORK METHOD Arisgraha, Franky; Widiyanti, Prihartini; Apsari, Retna
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 1 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Tuberculosis (TBC) is an dangerous disease and many people has been infected. One of many important steps to control TBC effectively and efficiently is by increasing case finding using right method and accurate diagnostic. One of them is to detect Mycobacterium Tuberculosis inside sputum. Conventional detection of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis inside sputum can need a lot of time, so digitallydetection method of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis was designed as an effort to get better result of detection. This method was designed by using combination between digital image processing method and Neural Network method. From testing report that was done, Mycobacterium can be detected with successful value reach 77.5% and training error less than 5%.

DAPSONE RESISTANCE IN A Mycobacterium leprae ISOLATE WITH TWO POINT MUTATIONS IN folP GENE FROM A LEPROSY PATIENT Ardiaty, Dinar; Wahyuni, Ratna; Prakoeswa, Cita; Abdullah, Rasyidin; Agusni, Indropo; Izumi, Shinzo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 3 No. 2 (2012)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Drug resistance in leprosy is important for Leprosy Control Program, since the WHO-Multidrug regiment (MDT) has been used for global treatment of leprosy for more than two decades already. A Dapsone resistance case in a Multibacillary (MB) leprosy case is reported. The patient was diagnosed and treated in Tajuddin Chalid Hospital Makassar, South Sulawesi. Previously he was treated in a health center at South Sulawesi and was given a treatment for one year, before referred to the hospital. The leprosy skin lesions are still active with erythematous skin lesions and thickened ear lobe. Bacteriological examination was positive for Acid Fast Bacilli, the Bacterial Index was 3+ and the Morphological Index was 1%. The specimens of M.leprae isolation was sent to the Institute of Tropical Disease Surabaya for drug resistance study. Using the Lp1-2 and Lp3-4 nested primers, PCR test was positive for M.leprae.Sequencing result for folP gene showed a double mutation at codon 53 (ACC / Threonin ) which become (AGG / Arginine). Simultaneous mutation at two nucleotides at one codon has never been reported in Indonesia before and this phenomenon is important for leprosy control policy.

APPLICATION OF NEURAL NETWORKS ON BLOOD SERUM IMAGE FOR EARLY DETECTION OF TYPHUS Purnamasari, Betty; Arisgraha, Franky; Astuti, Suryani Dyah
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 4 No. 4 (2013)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Background: Typhus is a disease caused by Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi A Salmonella parathypi B, dan Salmonella paratyphi C bacteria that attacks digestive tract and caused infection in small intestine. The common test that performed in the laboratory is widal test. The result reading of the widal test still processed manually with looking the turbidity caused by the agglutination. Aim: The research was made to decrease human error by creating a program based on artificial neural network (ANN) with learning vector quantization (LVQ) method. Method: Input of this program is image of blood serum that has reacted with widal reagen. Image procesing start with grayscaling, filtering, and thresholding. Result: Output of this program is divided into two classes, normal and typhus detected. Conclusion: From this experiment result that using 24 testing data, gives the accuracy of this program 95.833% with 1 error result from 24 testing data.

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