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Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease

IJTID
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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20851103 EISSN : 23560991 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health, Science,

Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.

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Articles 382 Documents

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IJTID FRONT MATTER IJTID, Editor
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Histoid Leprosy Rinasari, Umi; Sawitri, Sawitri; Listiawan, M. Yulianto; Prakoeswa, Cita Rosita; Agusni, Indropo; Santoso, Rachmat; Izumi, Shinzo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Histoid Leprosy is a variant of lepromatous leprosy with characteristic clinical and histopathological features. Usually it is occured in lepromatous patients who relaps after dapsone monotherapy, in those with dapsone resistance , sometimes even after multidrug treatment, or at times, de novo with characteristic clinical and histopathological features. A 36 years old male, originated from Papua, visited to the skin outpatient clinic with translucent shiny nodules on the left elbow and thumb for the last 18 months. The nodules were multiple, painless and firm. There were nasal congestion, tickening of ear lobes and loss of eye brows. Patient did not have any history of previous antileprotic treatment. Routine blood examination was normal. Bacteriological examination of slit skin smear revealed acid-fast bacilli of Bacterial Index 4+ and Morfologic Index 10%. Histopathology of skin suggested lepromatous leprosy of histoid type with characteristic interlacing bundles of spindle shaped cells. Anti-PGL1 antibody (ELISA) revealed high titer of IgM (>5.300 u/ml) and also IgG anti PGL-1 (>5.300 u/ml). Polymerase chain reaction examination test to detect M.leprae was positive and direct sequencing of M.leprae isolate shows no mutation, which means no resistancy to MDT treatment. Treatment with MDTWHO regiment give clinical improvements and the histoid lesions disappered after 3 months treatment.The histoid form of leprosy in this case developed without any prior treatment of anti leprotic drugs ( de novo ). Some theoretical aspects of the patho-mechanism of histoid leprosy are discussed.

AN EVALUATION STUDY OF ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY (ELISA) USING RECOMBINANT PROTEIN GRA1 FOR DETECTION OF IgG ANTIBODIES AGAINTS TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTIONS Muflikhah, Nina Difla; Artama, Wayan Tunas
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, an intracellular protozoan parasite that live inside the cells of the reticulo endothelial and parenchymal cells of human and animals (mammals and birds). Some cases of toxoplasmosis usually have no symptoms, but in any cases caused severe symptoms, such as hydrocephalus, microcephalus, intracranial calcification, retinal damage, brain abscess, mental retardation, lymphadenopathy, and others. Its severe symptoms usually showed a long time after first exposure, except symptoms showed by congenital transmission caused by infected mother. Early diagnosis is important to prevent the illness but methods for toxoplasmosis screening are still too expensive for developing country. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) allow the testing of a large number samples within short time frame and based on antibody or antigen detection. This study aimed to know the sensitivity and specificity of recombinat protein GRA1 as antigen using ELISA methods. We tested the sensitivity and spesificity of GRA1 protein as antigen in ELISA methods to diagnose toxoplasmosis and compared with ELISA Kit Commercial. Reliable laboratory testing is important to detect Toxoplasma gondii infection, and focused to improving the low cost and easy-to-use diagnostic instrument. Seventy sera collected and tested using both indirect ELISA, commercial ELISA kit and GRA1 protein coated as antigen. Fourty eight and fifty one samples showed positive IgG antibody result of ELISA-GRA1 and ELISA kit. Negative sample tested by ELISA-GRA1 was 22 samples and 19 sample tested by ELISA Kit. The sensitivity and specificity of GRA1-based on ELISA were 100% and 86.36%, positive prediction value (ppv) was 94.11%. These data indicate that the recombinant protein GRA1 is a highly immunogenic protein in human toxoplasmosis and become a promising marker for the screening of toxoplasmosis.

COMBINATION ANTIFUNGAL THERAPY FOR ONYCHOMYCOSIS Khamidah, Nur; Ervianti, Evy
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nail unit including the nail matrix, the nail bed and the nail plate by both dermatophyte and non-dermatophyte agents. It is disturbs not only cosmetic disfigurement, but also it may have an impact on patients' emotional, social and occupational functioning, finally affecting the overall quality of life. The incidence rate tends to increase, management of onychomycosis is still challenging. Important problems regarding antifungal monotherapy have experienced many failures and recurrences. In general, pharmacological approaches for onychomycosis can be topical or oral antifungal. Antifungal monotherapies often lead to failure treatment, also high incidence of recurrence. One strategy for this problem is a combination antifungal therapy. In vitro studies show the synergistic effect of using combination two antifungals (both oral antifungal or combination topical and oral antifungal), hence it is mycologically or clinically expected to increase the success rate of onychomycosis therapy. This review tries to evaluate the previous study exploring the effectiveness of antifungal combination therapies on onychomycosis. Two oral antifungals usually used are terbinafine as fungicidal agent and itraconazole as fungistatic agent. There is combination between topical and oral antifungal such as itraconazole or terbinafine with amorolfine or ciclopirox, also other combination like griseofulvin and amorolfone or tioconazole. All the combination therapies show better result than monotherapy alone, but it is still difficult to conclude whether antifungal combinations in onychomycosis will increase effectiveness due to variations in therapeutic duration, result definition, and statistical evaluation on existing studies. Further research is required with longer duration of observation, uniform patient criteria and definition of success, random control and blinding to minimize bias.

PROPORTION OF HBsAg AND HBeAg POSITIVE IN MATERNAL PATIENTS AND THEIR HBsAg POSITIVES BABIES WITH IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS OF HBV IMMUNIZATION IN Dr. SOETOMO GENERAL HOSPITAL, SURABAYA Tanadi, Melina Rosita; Lusida, Maria Inge; Joewono, Hermanto Tri
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 4 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) can be transmitted vertically from mother to her baby. Mothers with HBsAg and HBeAg positives have more risk of transmitting HBV to her baby rather than HBsAg positives only. The aim of this study is to determine the proportion of maternal patient with HBsAg and HBeAg positives and their HBsAg positives babies with immunoprophylaxis of HBV immunization. This study was performed by analytical observation using medical records in 2013-2014 at Obstetric and Gyn ecology Department, Dr. Soetomo Hospital. The samples were all maternal patients (3796) during that period and also their babies from HBsAg positives mothers. Unfortunately, several original medical records were not available. Thirty two (0,85%) out of 3781 maternal patients were found to be HBsAg positives, and three (9,37%) of 32 patients with HBsAg positives were HBeAg positives. From 32 mothers who were positive HBsAg, 22 complete medical records of their babies were found and all of them (100%) had been given Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (HBIG) and hepatitis B vaccine less than twelve hours after birth. In three cases of the babies from HBeAg positives mothers which had been given prophylaxis properly, two cases each of which was with caesarean and spontaneous delivery were HBsAg negatives. Interestingly, the other one which born with spontaneous delivery was found to be HBsAg positives. Further study in this HBsAg positives baby, especially in analyzing its HBV DNA is needed. The epidemiology of hepatitis B in maternal patients, especially that with complete and neat data needs further research.

LOW CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT RELATED RISK TO Pneumocystis jiroveci PNEUMONIA IN HIV/AIDS PATIENTS FROM BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE SPECIMENS USING REAL TIME PCR DETECTION Widya, Alicia Margaretta; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kawilarang, Arthur Pohan; Marhana, Isnin Anang
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 6 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

HIV and opportunistic infections remain a big problem especially in developing country. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is a prevalent infection in HIV infected patient with high mortality rate. Diagnosis of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia is mainly based on clinical evidence. Microbiological diagnosis is quite challenging since this microorganism cannot be cultured and is mainly based on microscopic examination. Microscopic examination with special staining is still a gold standard diagnosis for P. jiroveci infection.The objectives of this study was to describe CD4 lymphocyte profile and establish microbiological diagnosis with recent molecular method in PJP suspected HIV positive patients. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy of HIV infected patients with lower respiratory tract infection in Dr. Soetomo general hospital Surabaya were performed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage specimens from December 2016 to April 2017 for identification of Pneumocystis jiroveci using real time PCR assay. Positive samples were then evaluated for microscopic examination with Gommori Methenamine Silver staining for comparison. Patient's CD4 lymphocyte count were gathered prior of admission. CD4 lymphocyte count from this study were very low with 61% of the patients were below 50 cells/ µL. There were five of total thirteen patients (38,5%) with positive real time PCR assay (MSG gene) and one patient was also positive with GMS staining showing characteristic cysts shape with dark centered area of P. jiroveci. Patient with positive microscopic examination showed no history of prophylactic therapy. Low CD4 lymphocyte count remains a strong risk factor of P. jiroveci pneumonia in HIV/AIDS patients. Real time PCR assay shows high value in detection of P. jiroveci regarding patient's prophylactic status.

THE IMMUNOSTIMULAN POTENTIAL OF TENGGULUN (PROTIUM JAVANICUM) LEAVES TOWARDS T CELL CD4+ AND IFNÎ³ SECRETION ON PBMC CHICKEN Jayawardhana, Andi; Puspitasari, Heni; Meles, Dewa Ketut; Koesdarto, Setiawan
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 3 (2016)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

One of the plants with immunostimulant activity is Tenggulun leaves which contain of flavonoid, like terpenoid. The aim of this research is to find the potential of Tenggulun's leaves extract to have the immunostimulant activities. The potential of immunostimulant activity is identified by the increasing the amount of T-cell CD4+ expression and IFNÎ³ secretion. The research method is conducted through cultured chicken PBMC which is infected by ND virus; it is then treated with Tenggulun's leaves extract with immunostimulant. The result of immunocitochemistry examination CD4+ secretion on PBMC cultures shows how tenggulun is significantly different from the control in the secretion CD4+. The 10Î¼g of tenggulun extract can modulate the T cell CD4+ secretion 68.8±0.83. It is significantly different from K (control) (p<0,05) and treatment group K+, P0, and P1. The examination of IFNÎ³ level using ELISA from tenggulun leaves extract of 10Î¼g doses were inoculated after being infected by ND virus contained immonostimulant potential in increasing the secretion of IFNÎ³ 120.91±6.44. It is significantly different from K-, K+, and P1, yet not significantly different from P0. The content of terpenoid can increase IFNÎ³ secretion on the macrofag cells culture and limfosit cells.

IJTID BACK MATTER IJTID, Editor
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Correlation between soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor with CD4 T lymphocyte and WHO clinical staging of HIV infection Wardhani, Shinta Oktya; Burhan, Niniek; Ismanoe, Gatoet; Yudani, Tri
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 1 No. 1 (2010)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor play a key role in pericellular proteolysis, cell migration and signal transduction. Previous study showed that suPAR could be used as an independent prognostic marker of disease progression in HIV-1 patients.1,17 Immune status of HIV patient and progressivity of disease are important parameters used as clinical concideration before initiating anti retroviral treatment and for monitoring treatment effectivity. Recently immune status of HIV patients is determined by CD4 T lymphocyte counting which represents the remaining healthy lymphocyte T expressing CD4 that very expensive and need special laboratory equipment. Destruction and shedding of T lymphocyte, macrophage and natural killer cell will deliver soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, a surface protein which is expressed by those cells and can be measured by ELISA8,9,11. This study objective is to determine correlation between suPAR plasma concentration and CD4 T lymphocyte and WHO clinical stagging of HIV infection. Study subjects. Fifty four naieve HIV-1-infected patients (32 males, and 22 females) are participant in a cross sectional study enrolled on 22 November 2007 until 31 july 2008 at the department of infectious disease Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia. Blood sampling. Two blood samples were drawn before treatment, CD4 counts were measured with an Epics XL-MCL Coulter flowcytometer. EDTA plasma for suPAR measurement was stored at -80°C. Data are presented as mean±standart deviation. P<0.05 is considered significant. Statistical calculations were done using SSPS 15. Patients (n = 54) enrolled and clustered according to WHO clinical stage ( I - IV) at inclusion. All HIV-infected patients had measurable levels of plasma suPAR with a median value of 8,9 ng/mL(range 1,65-29,7 ng/mL). Pearson correlation demonstrated a weak but significant negative between suPAR and CD4 T lymphocyte count (p=-0.634, p<.0005). suPAR level positively correlated with the WHO-defined clinical stages (P< .0005, spearman correlation test, r=0,87). There were significant difference between each stage i.e I(1,6± o,61ng/mL), II(3.04±1.03 ng/mL), III (10.53±7.1ng/mL) and IV (20.42±10.81ng/mL) (P< .0005, Spearman test). In addition pearson correlation demonstrated a weak but significant negative correlation between suPAR and CD4 count (p=-0.66; P<.0005). There were negative significant correlatio between CD4 count and suPAR level, suggested that suPAR could provide as a complementary biological marker for HIV-1 although it can not replace the CD4 count. SuPAR plasma concentration and clinical stage give significantly correlation with WHO clinical staging of HIV infection.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GROWTH RATE AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF INFECTION IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS ON WEST PAPUA Pratomo, Fransiskus Aryo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 6 No. 5 (2017)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Malnutrition is still a significant problem in the world and in Indonesia. Among the factors underlying it, the role of growth faltering is often underestimated. Considering infection as a factor that affects growth and that Indonesia is endemic to various different infectious diseases, to understand its role, a study on infants is conducted using using longitudinal study design in the Sumuri District, Bintuni Bay Regency, West Papua Province. A total of 138 children aged 6 months to 5 years is followed for 6 months in February to August 2014. Weight gain data and frequency of infection is collected, with the infections divided into four category of disease: upper respiratory tract infection, skin infection, gastroenteritis, and malaria. These data are gathered by Puskesmas daily and monthly records followed by home visit. This study found that the prevalence of malnutrition for the area covered by Puskesmas Tanah Merah is 15.9% for moderate malnutrition and 2.9% for severe malnutrition, with the mean SD value in the beginning of the study -1.15 and at the end of study -1.12, with the difference of SD value calculated as weight gain. Total incidence of infections and mean duration of each infection is then compiled and calculated with weight gain data using linear regression method statistical test to understand the difference of role of each infection to weight gain. The result of the study shows that gastroenteritis has a significant negative effect to weight gain and upper respiratory tract infection has a negative effect to weight gain on children in the villages handled by Puskesmas Tanah Merah West Papua.

Page 20 of 39 | Total Record : 382

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