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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 15 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 37, No 2 (2017)" : 15 Documents clear

Pemodelan Kinetika Pengeringan Beberapa Komoditas Pertanian Menggunakan Pengering Inframerah Nok Afifah; Ari Rahayuningtyas; Seri Intan Kuala
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The drying kinetics study was carried out on agricultural commodities using an infrared dryer at temperature 60 °C. The aim of this study was to determine a drying model and effective moisture diffusivity that showed the drying characteristics of cassava slices, banana slices and groundnut pods. The experiments were conducted at three agricultural commodities (cassava, banana, and groundnut) at two capacity levels of 12 kg and 24 kg. Drying was done by arranging the agricultural material on tray of 0.5 kg and 1 kg for the treatment of 12 kg capacity and 24 kg capacity, respectively. A total of 24 trays were inserted into the dryer and every hour sample was taken to analyze the water content by gravimetric method. Data was fitted to four drying models and non-linear regression analysis was used to determine model parameters. The models were compared based on their coefficients of determination (R2) between the experimental and predicted moisture ratios. The results showed that the increase of drying capacity would decrease the drying rate for all agricultural commodities. The Page model was showed to the best for describing the drying behaviour for these agricultural products. Effective moisture diffusivity ranged between 1.34x10-10 m2/s - 3.23x10-10 m2/s. ABSTRAKStudi kinetika pengeringan telah dilakukan pada beberapa komoditas pertanian menggunakan pengering inframerah pada temperatur 60 °C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan model pengeringan dan effective moisture diffusivity yang menunjukkan karakteristik pengeringan irisan singkong, irisan pisang dan polong kacang tanah. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah jenis komoditas pertanian (umbi singkong, buah pisang, dan polong kacang) pada dua level kapasitas 12 kg dan 24 kg. Pengeringan dilakukan dengan menata bahan pertanian di atas loyang masing-masing sebanyak 0,5 kg dan 1 kg untuk perlakuan kapasitas 12 kg dan 24 kg. Sebanyak 24 loyang dimasukkan ke dalam pengering dan setiap jam diambil sampel untuk dianalisa kadar airnya dengan metode gravimetri. Data diujikan dengan empat model pengeringan dan analisis regresi non-linear digunakan untuk menentukan parameter model. Nilai rasio kandungan air eksperimental dan hasil prediksi model selanjutnya dibandingkan berdasarkan koefisien determinasi (R2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan kapasitas pengeringan akan menurunkan laju pengeringan untuk semua komoditas pertanian. Model Page terlihat paling baik untuk menggambarkan perilaku pengeringan bahan-bahan pertanian tersebut. Nilai difusivitas efektif kandungan air berkisar pada 1,34x10-10 m2/detik - 3,23x10-10 m2/detik.

Ekstraksi Komponen Bioaktif Daun Alpukat dengan Bantuan Ultrasonik pada Berbagai Jenis dan Konsentrasi Pelarut I Wayan Rai Widarta; I Wayan Arnata
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Avocado leaves contain high bioactive components that can be utilised as a source of antioxidants. The purpose of this research was to obtain the appropriate solvent types and concentration to recover high level of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant activity from the avocado leaves’ extract. This study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was the determination of the solvent types and concentration in producing the extract of avocado leaves with the highest antioxidant activity. The research was designed using complete randomised factorial design with the type of solvent (methanol, ethanol, acetone) as the first factor and the second factor was the solvent concentration (30%, 50%, 70%). The second stage of this research was the IC50 determination of avocado leaves which has highest antioxidant activity. The result showed that the appropriate solvent used in obtaining the extract of avocado leaves with the highest antioxidant activity was 70% ethanol. The total contents of phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, and DPPH radical inhibition activity of this extract were 23.28 mg/g materials, 93.97 mg/g materials, 9.47 mg/g materials and 90.80%, respectively. Whereas, IC50 value measured using DPPH, Fe2+ chelating, and reducing power were 1870 mg/L, 1180 mg/L and 85.24 mg/L, respectively. ABSTRAKDaun alpukat mengandung komponen bioaktif yang tinggi sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut yang tepat untuk menghasilkan komponen bioaktif dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi dari ekstrak daun alpukat. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahapan. Pada tahap I dilakukan penentuan jenis dan konsentrasi pelarut untuk menghasilkan ekstrak daun alpukat dengan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan faktor I adalah jenis pelarut (metanol, etanol dan aseton) dan faktor II adalah konsentrasi pelarut (30%, 50%, dan 70%). Pada tahap II dilakukan penentuan IC50 dari ekstrak daun alpukat yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelarut yang tepat digunakan untuk memperoleh ekstrak daun alpukat dengan aktivitas antoksidan yang tertinggi adalah etanol 70% dengan kadar total fenolik, flavonoid, tanin, dan aktivitas penghambatan radikal DPPH masing-masing adalah 23,28 mg/g bahan, 93,97 mg/g bahan, 9,47 mg/g bahan, dan 90,80%. Sementara itu, nilai IC50 baik yang diukur dengan metode DPPH, pengkelatan Fe2+ maupun reducing power masing-masing adalah 1870 mg/L, 1180 mg/L, dan 85,24 mg/L.

Optimasi Rendemen Fibroin Ulat Sutera Bombyx mori L. dan Attacus atlas L. dengan Response Surface Methodology Yuni Cahya Endrawati; Dedy Duryadi Solihin; Ani Suryani; Subyakto Subyakto
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The fibroin extraction process was done base on temperature and time parameters without knowing exactly the rendement been maximum or not. Optimum rendement data are critical to the business feasibility for scaling up to the industrial level. The objective of this research is to obtain the optimum extraction process (degumming) to get the highest fibroin rendement. The method in this research was response surface method (RSM) where NaOH concentration, process temperature and time consumption were chosen to be independent variables. These variables were formulated in the central composite design (CCD) research method at RSM Program with the center point is NaOH 0.1 N, 105 °C for 30 minutes. The weight of fibroin yield (%) being use as a response condition (dependent variable) to get the optimum result of fibroin rendement. The optimum degumming process condition of Bombyx mori are achieved where the NaOH 0.018 N, 110.53 °C temperature degree for 55.51 minutes for a batch time process with the rendement recorded was 71.11 ± 0.98 %. As for “Attacus atlas” the optimum rendement was 83.06 ± 1.50 % achieved at 0.12 N NaOH concentration, process temperature was 79 oC and 42.65 minutes for twice degumming. The best selected fribroin degumming method will lead to the optimum yield achievement. ABSTRAKEkstraksi fibroin dilakukan dengan perlakuan suhu dan waktu tanpa diketahui maksimal atau tidaknya capaian rendemen yang dihasilkan. Padahal data tersebut sangat penting untuk estimasi profitabilitas pada usaha hilir ulat sutera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi ekstraksi (degumming) yang menghasilkan rendemen fibroin optimum. Metode yang digunakan adalah optimasi ekstraksi fibroin menggunakan Program Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan tiga variabel bebas, konsentrasi NaOH, suhu dan waktu. Variabel tersebut diformulasikan dalam rancangan percobaan Central Composite Design (CCD) di Program RSM menggunakan titik pusat NaOH 0,1 N, suhu 105 °C selama 30 menit. Pada rancangan percobaan tersebut, rendemen bobot fibroin (%) digunakan sebagai respon (variabel terikat) untuk menghasilkan kondisi optimum. Kondisi tersebut berupa formulasi variabel bebas yang mengoptimumkan rendemen fibroin. Kondisi optimum Bombyx mori dicapai pada konsentrasi NaOH 0,018 N, suhu 110,53 °C dan waktu 55,51 menit pada satu kali degumming dengan perolehan rendemen fibroin sebesar 71,11 ± 0,98 %. Rendemen fibroin optimum sebesar 83,06 ± 1,50 % pada Attacus atlas dihasilkan dari kondisi optimum NaOH 0,12 N, suhu 79 °C selama 42,65 menit pada dua kali degumming. Metode ekstraksi fibroin yang tepat akan menghasilkan rendemen fibroin yang optimum.

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Sifat Pati Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.) Beberapa Varietas Lokal Indonesia Priyanto Triwitono; Yustinus Marsono; Agnes Murdiati; Djagal Wiseso Marseno
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Mung beans is a kind of legumes that possesses a potential amylose to produce low calories RS-3. Studies on the characteristics of the starch will be useful for the treatment of obesity in the future. Isolation and characterization of the properties of mung bean starch of 4 local Indonesian varieties (Walet, Sriti, Murai, and Vima-1) have done. Isolation of starch using a modified method of Hoover. The analyzed properties of starch consist of starch content, amylose content, granular shape, color, swelling power, WHC, the blue value, amylograph and crystallinity properties. The results indicated that the mung bean varieties Walet have the highest amylose content (55.39%), that’s potential as source of RS-3. Mung beans Walet have the 42.11% of starch content; 35.33% of yield starch; 99.63% of starch purity; 17.11 g/g of highest swelling power; 65.26 g/g of WHC; 59.36 g/g of OHC; 8.92% of blue value; Oval granular shape; white color (88.09 of Lightness); 78.7 °C of gelatinization temperature; tipe C of X-ray diffraction pattern, and 1430 Cp of the fastest retrograded starch viscosity.ABSTRAKKacang hijau merupakan jenis kacang-kacangan sumber pati beramilosa tinggi yang potensial menghasilkan RS-3 tinggi dan rendah kalori. Kajian tentang karakteristik patinya akan membuka peluang pemanfaatannya untuk penanganan obesitas di masa datang. Telah dilakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi sifat-sifat pati kacang hijau dari 4 varietas lokal Indonesia (Walet, Sriti, Murai, dan Vima-1). Isolasi pati menggunakan metode Hoover yang dimodifikasi dan sifat-sifat pati yang dianalisis meliputi kadar pati, amilosa, bentuk granula, warna pati, swelling power, WHC, blue value, viskositas, dan sifat kristalinitas pati. Hasil isolasi dan analisis menunjukkan bahwa kacang hijau varietas Walet memiliki kadar amilosa paling tinggi (55,39%), sehingga potensial sebagai bahan dasar RS-3. Kacang hijau Walet menghasilkan kadar pati 42,11%; rendemen pati 35,33%; kemurnian pati 99,63%; swelling power tertinggi 17,11 g/g; WHC 65,26 g/g; OHC 59,36 g/g; Blue Value 8,92%; bentuk granula oval; warna putih (L= 88,09); suhu gelatinisasi 78,7 °C; pola difraksi sinar X tipe C; dan viskositas pati paling cepat teretrogradasi (1430 Cp).

Gel Glukomanan Porang-Xantan dan Kestabilannya Setelah Penyimpanan Dingin dan Beku Anny Yanuriati; Djagal Wiseso Marseno; Rochmadi Rochmadi; Eni Harmayani
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objectives of this research were to find the porang glucomannan-xanthan optimum ratio on composite gelation and its stability after chilled and frozen storage. Porang glucomannan sol was mixed with xanthan sol in ratio 20/40; 40/60; 50/50; 60/40 and 80/20. The composites were heated for 45 minutes at 90 °C with agitation for 5 minutes, molded, tempered, and stored at 5 °C dan -8 °C for 24 days. Before dan after storage, the texture profile, WBC and sineresis of the gel were analyzed. The composite gel microstructure was analyzed using SEM. The composite gel with ratio 20/80 had the optimum interaction synergy on gelation and stability. The GP-X intermolecular association resulted in long high density junction zones which had highest hardness, chewiness and gumminess with the smallest deformation degree and sineresis as well as medium cohesiveness. Despite of no sineresis after chilled storage, the smaller gel pores indicated that the composite gel began to contract and degrade which resulted in cohesiveness, chewinees, hardness and gumminess decrease. The WBC increase on the higher GP-X ratio composite gel made the gel to be more stable in frozen storage compared to chilled storage. However, the bigger gel pores from entrapped water volume increasing during frozen storage crystal ice formation resulted in sineresis increase. The gel became more compact with higher cohesiveness, hardness, chewiness, gumminess and deformation degree. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan proporsi komposit glukomanan porang dan xantan (GP-X) yang bersinergi optimal dalam pembentukan gel yang stabil setelah penyimpanan dingin dan beku. Sol glukomanan porang 1% dan sol xantan 1% dicampur dengan proporsi GP-X 20/40; 40/60; 50/50; 60/40; dan 80/20. Campuran tersebut dipanaskan pada suhu 90-95 °C selama 45 menit disertai pengadukan selama 5 menit, dicetak, didinginkan dan disimpan pada suhu dingin (5 °C) dan beku (-8 °C) selama 24 hari. Profil tekstur, water binding capacity (WBC), dan sineresis dianalisis di awal dan setelah penyimpanan. Morfologi gel komposit sebelum penyimpanan dan morfologi gel yang paling optimum setelah penyimpanan dianalisis dengan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sinergi pembentukan gel komposit GP-X paling optimal didapatkan dengan ratio 20/80. Asosiasi intermolekul GP-X pada proporsi tersebut membentuk zona hubung yang panjang dan densitas tinggi sehingga menghasilkan hardness, chewiness, dan gumminess paling tinggi dengan derajat deformasi dan sineresis paling rendah serta daya kohesif yang sedang. Meskipun belum mengalami sineresis selama 24 hari penyimpanan dingin, pengecilan ukuran jaringan tiga dimensi (pori) gel komposit tersebut menunjukkan gel mulai kontraksi dan mengalami penurunan mutu dengan indikasi penurunan daya kohesif, chewiness, hardness, dan gumminess. Peningkatan WBC pada proporsi yang lebih tinggi menyebabkan gel nampak lebih stabil pada penyimpanan beku dibandingkan dengan penyimpanan dingin. Pembesaran pori gel akibat pengembangan volume air yang terperangkap selama pembentukan kristal es menyebabkan peningkatan sineresis, pemadatan gel, dan peningkatan hardness, chewiness, gumminess, dan persentase deformasi.

Pengaruh Media Budidaya Menggunakan Air Laut dan Air Tawar terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Fungsional Biomassa Kering (Spirulina platensis) Nurfitri Ekantari; Yustinus Marsono; Yudi Pranoto; Eni Harmayani
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Spirulina is a microalgae, easily cultivated and grows well in a low to high-level of salinity. Chemical contents in Spirulina can be influenced by the conditions of cultivation. Spirulina platensis sold in Indonesia is largerly cultured in marine water or fresh water medium. S. platensis can be used as a source of calcium because it has 700-1000 mg/100 g of dry biomass. This study aimed to determine the effect of sea water and fresh water cultivation medium on the chemical composition of S. platensis. Samples were determined the chemical composition included proximate analysis, mineral content of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Phosphor (P), total glucose, starch, and dietary fiber. Functional properties were also determined i.e: solubility, water and oil binding capacities, emulsion and foam abilities. The results showed that the content of ash and minerals (Ca, Mg, P) of S. platensis cultivated in marine water was higher that of S. platensis cultivated in freshwater. This results suggested that S. platensis cultured in the sea water medium was potential as an alternative source of calcium (512,53 mg Ca/100 g) with a ratio Ca-P = 1:1.79. The carbohydrate content was at least 28,41 %db (total sugars almost 0,09 %db, starch 6,9 %db and total dietary fiber 24,81 %db). The dietary fiber was dominated by insoluble dietary fiber (24,81 %db). Functional properties were affected by cultured medium. Spirulina platensis cultivated in marine water exhibited high capacity on Water and Oil Holding Capacities (WHC and OHC) that were 4,46 ml/g and 2,35 ml/g, respectively. Water Solubility Index (WSI), foaming capacity, emulsion capacity were not affected by cultured media. ABSTRAKSpirulina merupakan mikroalga, mudah dibudidayakan dan dapat hidup dalam tingkat salinitas yang rendah hingga tinggi. Kandungan kimia dalam Spirulina dapat dipengaruhi oleh media budidayanya. Di Indonesia Spirulina platensis yang beredar sebagian merupakan hasil budidaya dari berbagai tempat dengan media budidaya air tawar maupun air laut. S. platensis dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu sumber kalsium karena kandungannya dapat mencapai 700-1000 mg/100 g biomassa kering. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media budidaya air laut dan air tawar terhadap komposisi kimia dan sifat fungsional dari S. platensis. Parameter kimia yang diamati yaitu komposisi proksimat, kandungan mineral Ca, Mg dan P, kandungan gula, pati dan serat pangan. Parameter sifat fungsional meliputi kelarutan, kemampuan mengikat air dan lemak, emulsifikasi dan kemampuan membentuk busa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan abu dan mineral (Ca, Mg, P) S. platensis budidaya air laut lebih tinggi daripada budidaya air tawar. S. platensis asal budidaya laut berpotensi sebagai alternatif sumber kalsium (512,53 mg Ca/100 g) dengan rasio Ca:P = 1:1,79. Kandungan karbohidrat S. platensis hasil budidaya media air laut lebih rendah yaitu 28,41 %db (gula total dengan nilai 0,09 %db, pati 6,9 %db dan total serat pangan 24,81 %db), serat pangan terutama berupa serat pangan tak larut sebesar 24,18 %db. Sifat fungsional dipengaruhi oleh asal budidaya. Spirulina platensis asal budidaya laut memiliki sifat Water Holding Capacity (WHC) yang lebih tinggi yaitu 4,46 ml/g dibandingkan sifat Oil Holding Capacity (OHC) yaitu 2,35 ml/g, sedangkan Water Soluble Index (WSI), kapasitas membentuk busa dan emulsifikasi tidak dipengaruhi media budidaya.

Aplikasi Microwave untuk Disinfestasi Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Warna dan Karakteristik Amilografi Terigu Nur Pratiwi Rasyid; Edy Hartulistiyoso; Dedi Fardiaz
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This study aimed to determine the amount of microwave energy used for the disinfestation of T. castaneum and to observe its effect on discoloration and amilographic characteristic of treated wheat flour. Damages due to T. castaneum attack during storage caused physical and chemical changes in the wheat flour. The physical damage from this attack wasthe color change of the wheat flour, whereas chemical damage was caused by lipase enzyme activity and benzokuinon derived from the secretion of T. castaneum. The study was conducted on the wheat flour that was unfumigated in it smilling stage. The contamination of the wheat flour was artificially made by giving cultured T. castaneum, which were consisted of 10 males and 10 females, into 50 g as well as 100 g of wheat flour. After 42 days of storage time, the study showed that the mortality rate of untreated samples was 0 % both for 50 g and 100 g samples. The moisture showed an increase, while color-brightness level and viscosity peak were decreased. All of samples that were treated by 23.76 kJ, 24.00 kJ, 31.68 kJ and 36.00 kJ of microwave energy indicated 100% mortality of T. castaneum, whereas the color brightness, the amilographic peak, and moisture were decreased both on the mass of 50 g and 100 g after H+42 storage time. ABSTRAKAplikasi microwave telah dipelajari untuk disinfestasi Tribolium castaneum (Herbst.) dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik warna dan amilografi tepung terigu. Kerusakan karena serangan T. castaneum selama penyimpanan menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan fisik dan kimiawi tepung. Kerusakan fisik berupa terjadinya perubahan warna tepung, sedangkan kerusakan kimiawi karena adanya aktifitas enzim lipase dan benzokuinon yang berasal dari hasil sekresi T. castaneum. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tepung yang tidak di fumigasi pada tahap milling. Kontaminasi pun dilakukan dengan memberikan biakan T. castaneum masing-masing 10 jantan dan 10 betina ke dalam 50 g dan 100 g sampel tepung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat mortalitas pada sampel yang tidak diberi aplikasi microwave setelah penyimpanan 42 hari adalah 0 % baik untuk sampel 50 g dan 100 g. Kadar air meningkat, sedangkan tingkat kecerahan warna, puncak viskositas menurun. Sampel yang diberi perlakuan energi microwave 23,76 kJ, 24,00 kJ, 31,68 kJ dan 36,00 kJ menunjukkan mortalitas 100 % dari T. castaneum, sedangkan kecerahan warna, puncak viskositas, kadar air, menurun setelah penyimpanan 42 hari baik pada berat sampel 50 g dan 100 g.

Analisis Neraca Air Lahan terhadap Jenis Tanah yang Berkembang pada Daerah Karts di Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Muna Sulawesi Tenggara M Tufaila; La Mpia; Jufri Karim
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Soil water balance is describes the condition of the water in an area. The difference of climatic conditions and land characteristic denotes the effect of the soil water balance. The objective of this study is to determine soil water balance on the type of soil that developed at parent material karts. Village Parigi district Muna has an area of 16245.88 ha consists of Inceptisol, Mollisol, and Andosol and developing in Qal and Qpw geological formation. The results of research showed that surplus on rainwater occurred in February, March, and April. While the water deficit occurred in January, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, and December. Soil water balance in the research site was affected by climate, soil condition, and soil characteristic. Soil was formed above the karst rock showing little effect on the soil water balance. ABSTRAK Neraca air lahan menggambarkan kondisi air pada suatu wilayah. Perbedaan kondisi iklim dan karateristik lahan memberikan pengaruh terhadap nerca air lahan. Tujuan penelitiaan ini yaitu untuk mengetahui neraca air lahan pada jenis tanah yang berkembang pada bahan induk karts. Kecamatan Parigi Kabupaten Muna memiliki luas 16.245,88 ha terdiri dari jenis tanah Iceptisol, Mollisol, dan Andisol dan berkembang pada formasi geologi Qal dan Qpw. Hasil penelitiaan menunjukan bahwa surpulus air hujan terjadi pada bulan Februari, Maret dan April, sedangkan divisit air terjadi pada bulan Januari, Mei, Juni, Juli, Agustus, September, Oktober, November, dan Desember. Neraca air lahan dilokasi penelitian dipengaruhi oleh iklim, kondisi lahan, dan karateristik tanah. Tanah yang terbentuk diatas batuan karts memberikan pengaruh yang kecil terhadap neraca air lahan.

Aplikasi Antioksidan dari Ekstrak Lamun (Cymodocea rotundata) pada Minyak Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) Amalia Rahmi Puspasari; Eko Nurcahya Dewi; Laras Rianingsih
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cymodocea rotundata is a seagrass, has a potential antioxidant capacity due to have flavonoid and phenolic compounds that could prevent free radicals. This research aimed was to determine the effect of different concentrations of seagrass extracts on the value of free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) during storage at room temperature. The material used in this study was swordfish which were processed into fish oil. The research was conduct through laboratory experiments using a completely randomized design (CRD) which to evaluate the effect of seagrass extract concentrations (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%) and storage time (days 0 and 5) on the oil quality. The results showed FFA values ranged from 0 to 27.477%, PV value between 0 to 46.737 mEq/kg, and TBA values ranged from 3.310 to 8.731 malonaldehyde. Based on the results of the study showed that the interaction between seagrass C. rotundata extract concentration and storage time was significantly (p < 0.05) influence the value of FFA, PV, and TBA. ABSTRAKCymodocea rotundata adalah spesies lamun yang mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan fenolik sehingga diharapkan mampu mencegah terjadinya oksidasi lemak melalui penghambatan pembentukan radikal bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek konsentrasi ekstrak lamun yang berbeda terhadap nilai free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV), dan thiobarbituric acid (TBA) selama penyimpanan suhu ruang. Materi yang dipergunakan adalah ikan tongkol dengan kisaran panjang 40 ± 1 cm dan berat sekitar 1 kg/ekor yang diolah menjadi minyak ikan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak lamun (0%; 0,1%; 0,2%; dan 0,3%) dan lama penyimpanan (hari ke-0 dan hari ke-5) pada suhu ruang terhadap kualitas minyak ikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai FFA berkisar antara 0-27,477%, nilai PV berkisar antara 0-46,737 mEq/kg, dan nilai TBA berkisar antara 3,310-8,731 malonaldehid. Studi ini menunjukkan interaksi antara konsentrasi ekstrak lamun dan waktu penyimpanan sangat berpengaruh (p < 0,05) terhadap nilai FFA, PV, dan TBA.

Pengaruh Pretreatment Secara Alkalisasi-Resistive Heating terhadap Kandungan Lignoselulosa Jerami Padi Dewi Maya Maharani; Lisa Normalasari; Dianita Kumalasari; Chandra Ardin Hersandi Prakoso; Mutiara Kusumaningtyas; Mochamad Taufik Ramadhan
agriTECH Vol 37, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Cellulose is a potential biomass that is used for bioethanol production and commonly present in agricultural residues like rice straw. Cellulose is an important material to produce glucose and bioethanol, but it is covered by lignin and hemicellulose bonds to form a lignocellulose. Bioethanol production using basic material containing cellulose requires special attention in the process of pretreatment for lignin degradation process and increase the accessible surface and decrystallize cellulose. The aim of this research was to apply alkalization and resistive heating combine method for rice straw pretreatment process before further being converted into bioethanol and to determine the effects of heating temperature and NaOH concentration on the content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. The reactor had been designed for resistive heating process. Rice straw that was resized into 100 mesh has dissolved with 0.03 M, 0.05 M, and 0.07 M NaOH and heated with resistive heating temperature of 75 oC, 85 oC, and 99 oC. Cellulose is a raw material that will be further converted into glucose. So that, the selected optimum conditions of this study were pretreatment with the highest increase of cellulose content level until 8.88% and resulted decreasing levels of lignin (1.39%) and hemicellulose (4.33%) by temperature 75 oC and 0.07 M NaOH concentration. Resistive heating that combine with alkalization can be used for rice straw pretreatment process that reduce lignin and hemicellulose content as well as increasing cellulose content. ABSTRAKSelulosa merupakan biomassa yang potensial digunakan untuk produksi bioetanol dan banyak ditemukan di residu pertanian seperti jerami padi. Selulosa merupakan material penting yang dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa kemudian dikonversi menjadi bioetanol, namun selulosa pada alam dilapisi oleh ikatan lignin dan hemiselulosa menjadi lignoselulosa. Pembuatan bioetanol berbasis selulosa membutuhkan proses pretreatment yang berfungsi untuk mendegradasi ikatan lignin, meningkatkan luas permukaan biomassa dan dekristalisasi selulosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh alkalisasi resistive heating pada proses pretreatment jerami padi sebelum dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi bioetanol dan mengetahui pengaruh suhu pemanasan serta konsentrasi NaOH selama pretreatment terhadap perubahan kandungan lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa. Sebelum dilakukan penelitian dilakukan perancangan reaktor resistive heating. Jerami padi ukuran 100 mesh dilarutkan pada larutan NaOH dengan variasi konsentrasi 0,03 M, 0,05 M, dan 0,07 M, selanjutnya dipanaskan pada reaktor resistive heating dengan variasi suhu pemanasan 75 oC, 85 oC, dan 99 oC. Selulosa merupakan senyawa yang akan dikonversi lebih lanjut menjadi glukosa. Sehingga pada penelitian ini dipilih kondisi optimum berdasarkan peningkatan selulosa tertinggi hingga 8,88% serta penurunan lignin dan hemiselulosa sebesar 1,39% dan 4,33% pada perlakuan suhu pemanasan 75 oC dan konsentrasi NaOH 0,07 M. Alkalisasi resistive heating dapat diterapkan pada pretreatment jerami padi karena dapat mengurangi kandungan lignin dan hemiselulosa serta meningkatkan kandungan selulosa.

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Abstract

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Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone +6285712601130

Journal Mail Official agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Rachma Wikandari

Contact Email
rachma_wikandari@mail.ugm.ac.id

Phone
+6285712601130

Journal Mail Official
agritech@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA