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agriTECH

agritech
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02160455 EISSN : 25273825 DOI : 10.22146/agritech

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Agritech with registered number ISSN 0216-0455 (print) and ISSN 2527-3825 (online) is a scientific journal that publishes the results of research in the field of food and agricultural product technology, agricultural and bio-system engineering, and agroindustrial technology. This journal is published by Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta in colaboration with Indonesian Association of Food Technologies (PATPI).

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 1,392 Documents

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Model Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk Memprediksi Parameter Kualitas Tomat Berdasarkan Parameter Warna RGB Rudiati Evi Masithoh; Budi Rahardjo; Lilik Sutiarso; Agus Hardjoko
agriTECH Vol 32, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Artificial neural networks (ANN) was used to predict the quality parameters of tomato, i.e. Brix, citric acid, total carotene, and vitamin C. ANN was developed from Red Green Blue (RGB) image data of tomatoes measured using a developed computer vision system (CVS). Qualitative analysis of tomato compositions were obtained from laboratory experiments. ANN model was based on a feedforward backpropagation network with different training functions, namely gradient descent (traingd), gradient descent with the resilient backpropagation (trainrp), Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab and Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton (trainbfg), as well as Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm). The network structure using logsig and linear (purelin) activation function at the hidden and output layer, respectively, and using the trainlm as a training function resulted in the best performance. Correlation coefficient (r) of training and validation process were 0.97 - 0.99 and 0.92 - 0.99, whereas the MAE values ranged from 0.01 to 0.23 and 0.03 to 0.59, respectively.ABSTRAKJaringan syaraf tiruan (JST) digunakan untuk memprediksi parameter kualitas tomat, yaitu Brix, asam sitrat, karoten total, dan vitamin C. JST dikembangkan dari data Red Green Blue (RGB) citra tomat yang diukur menggunakan computer vision system. Data kualitas tomat diperoleh dari analisis di laboratorium. Struktur model JST didasarkan pada jaringan feedforward backpropagation dengan berbagai fungsi pelatihan, yaitu gradient descent (traingd), gradient descent dengan resilient backpropagation (trainrp), Broyden, Fletcher, Goldfrab dan Shanno (BFGS) quasi-Newton (trainbfg), serta Levenberg Marquardt (trainlm). Fungsi pelatihan yang terbaik adalah menggunakan trainlm, serta pada struktur jaringan digunakan fungsi aktivasi logsig pada lapisan tersembunyi dan linier (purelin) pada lapisan keluaran. dengan 1000 epoch. Nilai koefisien korelasi (r) pada tahap pelatihan dan validasi secara berturut-turut adalah 0.97 - 0.99 dan 0.92 - 0.99; sedangkan nilai MAE berkisar antara 0.01-0.23 dan 0.03-0.59.

Model Matematis Kenaikan Suhu pada Butiran selama Pengepresan pada Pembuatan Tablet Effervescen Buah Markisa Ansar Ansar; Sirajuddin Sirajuddin
agriTECH Vol 32, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objective of this research was proposing mathematical models to predict the temperature increasing in the spherical form particles during compression on processing of the passion fruit effervescent tablet. The materials used in this research were passion fruit granule. The data of temperature increase on the materials during compression was recorded by the thermocouple. Result of the research was showed the temperature increase will be distributed by conduction to all position in the particle that can predict with the diffusion equation for dimensions three spherical coordinate. The temperature at the particle surface where friction among the contact points of the particle occurred was higher than Tg of materials of the effervescent tablet component. The particles temperature average increase during compression is 33.03oC.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat model matematis untuk memprediksi kenaikan suhu pada butiran yang dianggap berbentuk bola selama pengepresan pada pembuatan tablet effervescen buah markisa. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah granula markisa. Data kenaikan suhu pada bahan selama pengepresan diukur dengan termokopel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan suhu di permukaan butiran terdistribusi secara konduksi ke seluruh bagian butiran yang dapat didekati dengan persamaan difusivitas panas koordinat bola 3 dimensi. Suhu di permukaan butiran tempat terjadinya gesekan antar titik singgung butiran jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan suhu Tg bahan komponen penyusun tablet effervescen. Kenaikan rerata suhu butiran selama pengepresan adalah 33,03oC.

Studi Emisi Tungku Masak Rumah Tangga Agus Haryanto; Sugeng Triyono
agriTECH Vol 32, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The objective of this research was to study emission characteristic of household stoves. Five stoves were tested, namely clay pot biomass stove, brick biomass stove, kerosene stove, coal stove, and LPG stove. Emission parameters to be measured were CO, NO2, SO2, and particulates. Gas emission was measured using gas analyzer Wolfsense TG 501, while particulate was determined based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI: 19-7117.12-2005). Results showed that LPG stove emitted no CO indicating that complete burning existed. Other stoves emitted CO with kerosene stove exhibited the highest CO emission of 1074 μg/m3. Biomass pot stoves produced SO2 (722 μg/m3) which is lower than LPG stove (1488 μg/m3) and kerosene stove (1055 μg/m3), but higher than coal stove (290 μg/m3). On the other side, biomass pot stoves produced more NO2 (99 μg/m3 with pot stove) as compared to kerosene stove (25 μg/m3). Particulate emission increased based on the fuels used with an order from the lowest was LPG stove, kerosene stove, coal stove, and biomass stove.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik emisi beberapa tungku atau kompor dapur rumah tangga. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan lima jenis tungku atau kompor, yaitu tungku biomassa pot tebal, tungku biomassa bata, kompor minyak tanah, kompor batubara, dan kompor LPG. Parameter emisi yang diukur meliputi CO, NO2, SO2 dan partikel. Emisi gas diukur menggunakan gas analyser Wolfsense TG 501, sedangkan emisi partikel debu ditentukan berdasarkan standar SNI 19-7117.12-2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kompor LPG tidak menghasilkan emisi CO. Kompor minyak tanah menghasilkan emisi CO paling tinggi yaitu (1074 μg/m3). Kompor LPG menghasilkan emisi SO2 paling banyak (1488 μg/m3), diikuti kompor minyak tanah (1055 μg/m3), tungku kayu pot (722 μg/m3), dan kompor batubara (290 μg/m3). Di pihak lain, tungku biomassa pot tebal menghasilkan NO2 lebih banyak (99 μg/m3) dibandingkan kompor minyak tanah (25 μg/m3). Emisi partikulat meningkat menurut jenis bahan bakar yang digunakan dengan urutan dari yang paling rendah adalah LPG, minyak tanah, batubara, dan biomassa.

Analisis Spasial Distribusi Bulan Basah dan Bulan Kering di Jawa Timur Indarto Indarto; Boedi Susanto; Ardian Nur Fakrudin
agriTECH Vol 32, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

This paper expose the spatial distribution of Wet Month (WM) and Dry Month (DM) in East Java region. Daily Rainfall data was collected from 943 pluviometres spread around the region. Monthly rainfall data is calculated from cumulatif of daily rainfall data. Then, wet and dry month were determined from monthly rainfall data using Oldeman Classification method. Furthermore, Spatial statistics were analysed by means of ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) available on Geostatistical Analyst extention of ArcGIS (9.x.). Statistical tools exploited to analise the data include: (1) Histogram, (2) Voronoi Map and (3) QQ-Plot. The result show that histogram and QQ-Plot of WM and DM are close to normal distribution. Statistical value of Wet Month (WM) obtained from the analysis are: minimum = 1 month/year, maximum = 9 month/year, average = 3,67 month/year, and median = 4 month/year. Other statistical value summarised are: standard deviation = 1,2; skewness = 0,05; dan curtosis = 3,09. While for Dry Month (DM), statistical value obtained are: minimum = 2 month/year, maximum = 11 month/year, average = 6,4 month/year, and median = 6 month/year. Other statistical value summarised are: standard deviation = 1,21; skewness = 0,11; and curtosis = 3,6. The research demonstrate the capability and benefit of those statistical tool to describe detailed spatial variability of Wet Month (WM) and Dry Month (DM).ABSTRAKMakalah ini memaparkan distribusi spasial Bulan Basah (BB) dan Bulan Kering (BK) di Jawa Timur. Data hujan diperoleh dari 943 lokasi stasiun hujan yang tersebar merata di seluruh wilayah Provinsi Jawa Timur. Hujan bulanan dihitung dari kumulatif hujan harian. Selanjutnya, nilai BB dan BK ditentukan berdasarkan metode klasifikasi Iklim Oldeman. Analisa spasial dilakukan menggunakan tool ESDA (Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis) yang terdapat pada ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst. Tool yang digunakan mencakup: Histogram, Voronoi Map, dan QQ-Plot. Hasil analisa menunjukkan grafik Histogram dan Normal QQPlot untuk Bulan Basah dan Bulan Kering (BK) mendekati distribusi normal. Nilai statistik BB yang diperoleh adalah: minimal = 1 bulan/tahun dan maksimal = 9 bulan/tahun. Nilai bulan basah (BB) rerata dari seluruh stasiun untuk semua periode adalah 3,67 bulan/tahun dan nilai median = 4 bulan/tahun. Histogram bulan basah menghasilkan nilai standar deviasi = 1,2; koefisien skewness = 0,05; dan koefisien curtosis sebesar (3,09). Histogram Bulan Kering, menghasilkan nilai minimal 2 bulan/tahun dan maksimal = 11 bulan/tahun. Sedangkan, nilai BK rerata dari seluruh stasiun untuk semua periode adalah 6,4 bulan/tahun dan nilai median = 6 bulan/tahun. Histogram juga menampilkan nilai standar deviasi = 1,21; koefisien skewness = 0,11; dan koefisien curtosis = (3,6). Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisa menggunakan : histogram, Voronoi Map, Normal QQ-Plot dapat menggambarkan lebih detail variabilitas spasial Bulan Basah dan Bulan Kering di Jawa Timur.

Model Pengendalian Aset Nirwujud dalam Manajemen Sistem Irigasi Nugroho Tri Waskitho; Sigit Supadmo Arif; Mochammad Maksum; Sahid Susanto
agriTECH Vol 32, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The research aimed at developing model of controlling intangible assets in irrigation system management. The research method consisted of two stages. The first stage was building the model of controlling intangible assets in irrigation system management using neuro-fuzzy. The model had three submodels: (i) knowledge management, (ii) intangible assets, and (iii) performance of irrigation system. The second stage was evaluating the model in Sapon irrigation system in Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta. Data collecting was done by questionnaire and interview on nine Water Use Associations. Data analysis was done by Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. The model had been evaluated by correlation coefficient, Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Root Mean Square Error. The research result indicated that the model of controlling intangible assets in irrigation system management could predict intangible assets and performance of irrigation system well. The model linked knowledge management, intangible assets and performance of irrigation system. Knowledge management felt into four main components: (i) learning organization, (ii) principle of organization, (iii) policy and strategy of organization, and (iv) information and communication technology which controlling intangible assets in irrigation system. Intangible assets consisted of moral intelligence, emotional intelligence, creativity attitude, institutional culture, and farmer participation which controlling effectiveness of irrigation system.ABSTRAKTujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan model pengendalian aset nirwujud dalam manajemen sistem irigasi. Metode penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah pembangunan model pengendalian aset nirwujud dalam manajemen sistem irigasi dengan prinsip neuro-fuzzy. Model mempunyai tiga sub model yaitu manajemen pengetahuan, aset nirwujud dan kinerja sistem irigasi. Tahap kedua adalah pengujian model di Daerah Irigasi Sapon di kabupaten Kulon Progo, propinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Pengunpulan data dilakukan dengan kuesioner dan wawancara dengan sembilan Perkumpulan Petani Pemakai Air. Analisa data dilakukan dengan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System. Model dievaluasi dengan koefisien korelasi, Mean Absolute Percentage Error dan Root Mean Square Error. Penelitian menghasilkan bahwa model pengendalian aset nirwujud dalam manajemen sistem irigasi yang menggunakan prinsip neuro-fuzzy dapat memprediksi aset nirwujud dan efektivitas sistem irigasi dengan baik. Model menghubungan manajemen pengetahuan, aset nirwujud dan kinerja sistem irigasi. Manajemen pengetahuan yang terdiri dari organisasi pembelajar, prinsip organisasi, kebijakan dan strategi organisasi, teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mempengaruhi aset nirwujud sistem irigasi. Aset nirwujud yang terdiri dari kecerdasan moral, kecerdasan emosional, sikap kreatif, budaya lembaga, dan partisipasi petani mempengaruhi efektivitas sistem irigasi.

Operasi dan Pemeliharaan (O&P) Irigasi Masa Depan Sebuah Gagasan Mengantisipasi Perubahan Kebijakan dan Lingkungan Sigit Supadmo Arif
agriTECH Vol 26, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

During some later years, several calamities had occured several times in the country. Landslides and floos come during wet season and in the opposite drought happened in dry season. Just wet season end, drought comes and threat all activities of human life in most region in the country. In some places all of there conditions change very quickly. Mostly, all those occured due to inappropriate management of water resources. This paper aims at discussing some prospects of water resources research in the future. One knows that the existence of water resources in the earth is a complex system and satisfies some certain natural laws to form an natural equilibrium, so, it more easilt if management of water resources research is approached by applying system analysis. The paper also discussed application of new paradigm as well as several new research methods in social, economical and engineering aspects in water resources management.

Sintesis Ester Sorbitol Oleat Menggunakan Lipase dari Getah Pepaya, Candida rugosa dan Rhizopus arrhizus ( Suhardi Suhardi; Tranggono Tranggono; Pudji Hastuti; M. Muchalal
agriTECH Vol 26, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

The ability of lipase from Carica papaya latex, Candida rugosa and Rhizopus arrhizus to catalyze esterification of sorbitol and oleic acid to produce Sorbitol Oleat Esters (SOE) was investigated in this study. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to evaluate the effects of temperature (x1 =40-50oC), reaction time (x2=24-72 hours), concentration of enzyme (x3=25-75 units), on percentage molar conversion as well as to determine the optimum condition of this reaction in term of this factors. Based on RSM analysis using lipase from Carica papaya latex, the optimum synthesis conditions that giving 58.31% molar conversion, were : temperature of 45.15oC, reaction time 51.73 hours, concentration of enzyme 37 units. Using lipase from Candida rugosa , the optimum synthesis conditions that giving 59.49 % molar conversion, were : temperature of 45.08oC, reaction time 53.42 hours, concentration of enzyme 75 units. Using lipase from Rhizopus arrhizus, the optimum synthesis conditions that giving 61.89 % molar conversion, were : temperature of 45.01oC, reaction time 61.68 hours, concentration of enzyme 66 units. The characteristics of SOE products using lipase from Carica papaya latex and Rhizopus arrhizus were degree of esterification (DE) 1 and (DE) 2, hydrophilic lypophilic balance 7.5-8.0, and surface tension 34.8-35.1 dyne/cm. SOE products using lipase from Candida rugosa were DE 1, DE 2, and DE 3, hydrophilic lypophilic balance 3-6, and surface tension 31.18-31.83 dyne/cm. and capable to maintain emulsion of water in oil.

Pengaruh Penyangraian dengan Enerji Gelombang Mikro Terhadap Polifenol dalam Hancuran Keping Biji Kakao Supriyanto Supriyanto; Haryadi Haryadi; Budi Rahardjo; Djagal Wiseso Marseno
agriTECH Vol 26, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Polyphenols play important roles in taste and flavour development as well as antioxidative property of cocoa products. Chemical changes of the polyphenols occurring during conventional roasting was due to exposure to the oxygen of surrounding air at high temperature(110-200oC) for 20 up to 60 min, depend on the degree of roasting. Shorter time was needed to roast the cocoa nib by using microwave energy. The objective of this research was to investigate changes of polyphenol compounds during microwave roasting of ground cocoa nibs. Deshelled and ground cocoa nib passing through 20 mesh screen was roasted using microwave oven at 20% power for 5 min. Conventional roasting conditions were also adopted for treating the sample using an electric oven at 140 oC for 40 min as comparison. The polyphenols was extracted with acetone 80% and then freez dried. The crude extract was characterized for total polyphenols. Polarity of the polyphenolic fractions was analyzed from the crude extract as well as the ethyl acetate soluble extract by HPLC. Chemical bond of the compounds were detected by Fourier Transform Infrared Spektrophotometer (FTIR). Results indicated that the conventional roasting tend to decrease the polyphenols content while microwave roasting was increase, though the data showed significantly no difference (p≤0,05) . HPLC separation suggested that the roasting of the sample increased in polarity, though FTIR spectra showed similarity in quantity of O-H, C-H, and C=C bonds respectively The microwave oven roasting gave one small additional fraction compared to both sample extracts from the conventional roasted and the unroasted samples which gave two fractions. Further, the ethyl acetate soluble extract from the microwave sample gave eight chromatographic fractions while from those conventional roasted and the unroasted gave two fractions and one fraction, respectively.

Penentuan Dimensi Terong Jepang (Soalnum melongena L) dengan Teknik Pengolahan Citra Secara Waktu Nyata Rudiati Evi Masithoh; Yodana S. Rachmadany; Balza Achmad
agriTECH Vol 26, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

A real-time image processing technique was applied to determine the dimensions, i.e. length and width, of eggplants. Results showed that illuminations performed a significant role; the ideal illumination type for the experiment was TL lamp (fluorescent lamp), which was placed in perpendicular position toward conveyor. Meanwhile, the ideal eggplant-positions were longwise on the conveyor. Applying those kind of circumstances, a relationship between developed program and manual measurement of eggplant length and width showed linier equation, i.e. y = x and y = 0,99 x, respectively.

Dampak Oksidasi Protein oleh Sistim Oksidasi 2, 2’-azobis (2 amidipropane) dyhidrochloride (AAPH) dan Sistim Katalis Logam CuSO4 / H2O2 terhadap Komposisi Asam Amino Protein Daging Merah dan Putih Ikan Tongkol Putih Daniel A.N. Apituley; Zuheid Noor; Purnama Darmadji; Suparmo Suparmo
agriTECH Vol 26, No 3 (2006)
Publisher : Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Protein endured oxidative damage from oxygen radicals in 2,2’azobis (2 amidipropane) dyhidrochloride (AAPH) and catalysts CuSO4/H2O2 oxidation systems. Indications of oxidation could be seen in the development of carbonyl protein and other more reactive substances such as protein peroxide, denaturation of the protein, as well as damages on the amino acids constituents of the protein such as hystidine, arginine, tyrosine, metionine, cysteine and tryptophane. The research was aimed to study the effect of oxygen radicals exposure in AAPH and catalysts CuSO4/H2O2 oxidation systems on amino acid content of Thunus sp fish meat proteins. Result indicated that histamine, arginine, tyrosine, methionine, and phenylalanine amino acids in red meat undergone substantial reductions of 52.24%, 23.29%, 42.34%,22.22%, and 6.77% in AAPH system, and 12.34%, 27.59%,31.95%, 23.39%, and 13.02% in catalyst CuSO4/H2O2oxidation system, respectively. While milder reduction of those amino acids in white meat of 48.21%, 9.12%, 15.31%, 38.22%, and 22.44% in AAPH system, and 8.43%, 3.85%, 10.88%, 24.05%, and 57.25% in catalyst system, respectively. It was obvious that red meat undergone more damages in both oxidation systems compared to the white meat counterpart.

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Editorial Address Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Jl. Flora No. 1, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

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Contact Name
Fiametta Ayu Purwandari

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fiametta@ugm.ac.id

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+6285712601130

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Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA