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The Preliminary Study on Klungsu (Tamarind Seed) as An Alternative Material for Dental Calculus Remover Ratnawati Hendari; Sulur Joyo Sukendro; Sadimin Sadimin
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study was aimed at knowing the availability of Klungsu (Tamarind seed) as remover and cleaner for dental calculus. The study followed Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and tested with Ftest and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The availability was studied by soaking the calculus and enamel at two concentrations (0 and 25%) of Klungsu and one group without soaking (dry group). The results showed that soaking in Klungsu solution significantly decreased (p<0.05) the strength of dental calculus, but no significantly differences (p>0.05) were found for enamel. The conclusion could be drawn from this study was klungsu could be used as an alternative cleaning material for removing dental calculus and safe for dental enamel.

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Specificity Protein 6 Promoter Ivan Arie Wahyudi; Taigo Horiguchi; Keiko Miyoshi; Taro Muto; Trianna Wahyu Utami; Hiroko Hagita; Takafumi Noma
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Specificity protein 6 (SP6) is a member of the SP/Krüppel-like transcription factor family and plays key roles in tooth development. To study its biological roles, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of Sp6 gene expression. For this purpose, we first identified two separate 5' ends of the Sp6 cDNA by 5' RACE analysis using mouse mandibular RNA. Next, we isolated mouse genomic DNA fragments covering the Sp6 gene including two putative mouse Sp6 promoter regions and generated a series of luciferase reporter constructs. We confirmed the activity of both promoters by a luciferase assay and found strong second promoter activity in dental epithelial cells. Unexpectedly, we also detected potential third promoter activity in the intron 2 of the Sp6 gene. Last, we also found that bone morphogenetic protein and wingless signals could enhance Sp6 promoter activity in dental epithelial cells, suggesting the regulatory roles of two cytokines in Sp6 gene expression during tooth development. Our findings may shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of Sp6 gene expression and provide a possible linkage between cytokine regulation of Sp6 expression and inductive epithelial and mesenchymal interactions.

An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test Akram Hassan; S.A Omar; Zaihan Ariffin
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect.

Letter from the Editor Ika Dewi Ana
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The field of life sciences moves forward at a rapid pace. Many of us do not fully realize that this acceleration is relatively new phenomenon in the history of mankind. It was in 1990 before the era of wireless phones and laptop computers when J. Craig Venter flew over the ocean and thought inside the airplane about the future of genome projects (as it was written by Ted Anton on his book entitled “Bold Science, Seven Scientists Who Are Changing Our World”).However, just over a short period of time, genome projects, which in 1997 required several years to complete, nowadays take only days. J. Craig Venter stated, as reported by Albert Sasson about the achievements, prospects, and perceptions of medical biotechnology, “For the past 15 years at ever faster rates we have digitizing biology. By that I mean going from the analog world of biology through DNA sequencing into the digital world of the computer. The human genome is perhaps the best example of digitizing biology. Our computer databases are growing faster per day than during the first 10 years of DNA sequencing. Thedatabases have been filling even faster with the results of J. Craig Venter’s global ocean sequencing project. As a result, we have now over 10 million genes in the public databases.” Indeed life sciences progress rapidly.In other areas, nanotechnology, for example, offers new solutions for biomedical sciences and provides a broad technological platform for application in industry. Such applications include bio-processing, molecular medicine, biotechnology, bio-fluidics for handling DNA, and other molecules, etc.Moreover, in another area, regenerative medical therapy reaches the interaction between scaffold, signaling molecules, and cells to enable neo-tissue formation and enhance healing potentials.All the above progresses in life sciences and biomedical sciences improve possibilities for patients to be helped. Meanwhile, ethical problems also arise by the fast science progresses.What about in oral and dental sciences? In some countries, the prevalence of oral and dental diseases is still considered very high. In some other countries the prevalence of dental caries is reducing by the application of fluoridation in societies. Although science has made human beings wealthy and prolonged life span, but to some extent scientists realize the limitation of sciences to cope health problems. In term of oral and dental sciences, opinions arise from research results and the confrontation of them also happens.In view of the overall mapping, The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is published by The Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with AFDOKGI, The Indonesian Association of The Faculty of Dentistry. The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dental research in Indonesia and Asia Pacific regions. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for dentists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dental and oral sciences.The acceptance of manuscripts will not rely on opinions of editors, but on evidence-based logical facts. The editors will help authors to improve their manuscripts by scientific bases. Any kind of articles are welcomed within the aim and scope of this journal.We are waiting for your contributions.Ika Dewi AnaEditor in Chief

Effects of Lidocaine Concentration on Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria Muhammad Wildan Hari Subagya Haryono; Poerwati Soetji Rahajoe
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lidocaine is one of the local anesthetics agents that are frequently used in dentistry. Streptococcus mutan is a gram-positive, facultatively an aerobic bacterium commonly found in human oral cavity. The study aims to find out the effects of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The study used experimental design with liquid and solid dilution method to find out bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects of Lidocaine concentration. The test bacteria used in the study are the ones, which have been compared with Mcfarland standard solution with 10μCFU/ML concentration. The Lidocaine concentrations were 2%, 1%,0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625%, and 0.007812%. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney methods were used for the statistical test. The result of the study suggests that Lidocaine concentration has effects against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the concentrations of 2%, 1% and 0.5%, to inhibit bacterial growth (p<0.05), but there was no bacteriocidal potential of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p>0.05).

Address from Dean of The Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Gadjah Mada Iwa Sutardjo Rus Sudarso
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

As mentioned in its Strategic Plans (2008-2012), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM) has its vision to be a World Class Research University which is excellent, independent, dignified, inspired by Pancasila, the five-point ideology, and dedicated to the needs and welfare of the nation and the world. The vision is done by UGM mission: To promote excellent teaching-learning opportunities and community service through research, with its special mission on research; To promote excellence in educational activities, research, and community service with the interest of the Indonesian society and to participate in Indonesian socioculturalbuilding.As a university unit, Faculty of Dentistry should play significant roles towards the vision. For this, research indeed is one of important factors towards the vision. To get better of research’s result application and social service, it is hoped that researcher possesses entrepreneurial ability while still maintaning his/her research quality. It can be said that, generally, research development in the Faculty of Dentistry is growing satisfactorily. But, still, it is not yet followed by strong publication. One of bestknown research publications is academic journal, nationally or internationally. This kind of publication is an effective form of communication among researchers and also a very considerable part in scientific and technological development.Considering the above driving forces and the uniqueness of the country in relation to researches in dental sciences, Faculty of Dentistry proudly publish “The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research” which is in turn to be a window for the international forum to learn on the progresses and achievements in dental research in Indonesia. In the future, it is also hoped that “The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research” be an information portal in terms of dental science and technology in Indonesia, and in the Asian region in general.Hopefully, this journal will be able to provide scientific media for sharing progresses and achievements in research on oral and dental sciences in Indonesia to the international forum. Moreover, this journal is expected to be an embrio for scientific portal in dental and oral sciences in Indonesia and Asia region.Iwa Sutardjo RSProfessor in Pediatrics DentistryDean of The Faculty of DentistryUniversitas Gadjah Mada

Expression of MRP8/MRP14 mRNA in Monocytes of Periodontitis: Comparison between Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients Ahmad Syaify; Sri Budi Barunawati; Suryono Suryono; Marsetyawan HNES
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The severity of periodontitis on patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients was strongly thought caused by decreasing of leukocytes function such as monoctyes and neutrophils. In our previous research it was found that calprotectin (MRP8/MRP14) level in leukocytes of periodontitis patients with type 2 DM was higher than periodontitis in non DM. The aim of this study was to determine calprotectin (MRP8/MRP14)mRNA expression in human monocytes of periodontitis patients with type 2 DM and without DM. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients with uncontrolled type 2 DM, controlled type 2 DM, and non DM. The expression of total RNA calprotectin (MRP8 and MRP14) were detected by RTPCR using GAPDH as the innate control. It was observed that the value of MRP8/MRP14 mRNA expression DM patients were higher than non DM, and the highly significant increase expression (p<0.05) was on the uncontrolled type 2 DM. The basal level of MRP8/MRP14 expression increased in monocyte of periodontitis and type 2 DM patients compared with non diabetes subjects. It was suggested that high basal level MRP8/MRP14 has role in the regulation of severity periodontitis with diabetes mellitus.

The Prevalence of Fibroma in Oral Mucosa Among Patient Attending USM Dental Clinic Year 2006-2010 Daddy Suradi Halim; Abdullah Pohchi; Pang EE Yi
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The purpose of this preliminary retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of fibroma in oral mucosa among patients attending USM dental clinic from 1/6/2006-1/6/2010. Fibroma of the oral mucosa is the most common benign tumor of the oral cavity. It is a reactive hyperplasia of fibrous connective tissue in response to local irritation or trauma. A lesion on any part of the oral mucosa have a broad differential diagnosisranging from traumatic lesions (mucocele), neurogenic lesions (neurofibromatosis), lipoma , epithelial tumors (squamous papilloma) and inflammatory/reactive hyperplasia of soft tissue (pulp polyp). A total number of 192 patients (82 male and 110 female) who are registered in the Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Log Book were included in this study regardless of their age, 16 % of them were diagnosed to have fibroma and out of that, 29% of them were male and 79% female. The peak incidence of the lesion was in the 3rd decade of life. The lesions occurred in the tongue, lip mucosa, sulcus region and buccal mucosa were each to be 12.9%, 12.9% , 32.2 % and 41.9%. This study shows that fibroma is one of the common oral mucosal lesion and it occurred mostly in the 3rd decade of life where the prevalence is higher in female patients.

Address from Chairman of The Indonesian Association of The Faculty of Dentistry (AFDOKGI) M Dharma Utama
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

We agree that all faculty of dentistry in Indonesia needs to contribute to dental health development. By this, hopefully we can contribute to promote oral health, prolong tooth life, and improve quality of life in our country as well as in our Asia region. To reach this goal faster, we need to exchange information and enhance scientific collaboration. The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research (The Indonesian J Dent Res) will be an effective form of communication among dentists and researchers and also a very considerable part in scientific and technological development towards the goal.Meanwhile, Indonesia is a very unique country. Although the prevalence of oral and dental diseases is considered high, but Indonesia is rich with culture, natural resources, and local or indigenous perspective which can be an advantage in term of technological perspective in dentistry. The richness of the country is needed to be investigated and explored in order to improve oral and dental health. The communication and collaboration among dentists and researchers are needed to accelerate the process towards the improvement of oral and dental health.I do hope that this journal will be an effective communication channel for better oral and dental health in Indonesia. Congratulation for the publication of the first issue of the journal. We hope to learn more from the continuous scientific communication through The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research.M. Dharma UtamaProfessor in ProsthodonticsDean of The Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin UniversityChairman of The Indonesian Association ofThe Faculty of Dentistry (AFDOKGI)

The Effect of Anchovy Stolephorus baganensis on Salivary Mutans Streptococci Harun Agunawan; Soeherwin Mangundjaja
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

A clinical trial was carried out to investigate the effect of Anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis on mutans streptococci inhibiting the growth of the salivary mutans streptococci for a period of one week consumption.Before enrolled in the study, respondents filled out and signed the informed consent. Twenty respondents participated as the subjects on the clinical trial, conducting two times of treatment as follows: twenty astreatment groups before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis and the twenty subjects as control groups before and after consuming non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. Saliva samples werecollected before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis and with a non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. A serial dilution was made, followed by inoculating on TYS20B medium). Data which were obtained from colony forming units of salivary mutans streptococci grew on the TYS20B medium before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis were analyzed in a descriptive and “t” test.Results showed that there was no significance in the average amount of Streptococcus mutans colonies between before and after consuming non-anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. However, a significant difference wasfound respectively as results before and after consuming anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis. We concluded that Anchovy of Stolephorus baganensis has antimicrobial activity against local strains of Streptococcus mutans isolated from human harboring species. Therefore in a long term of consuming Anchovy fish of Stolephorus baganensis, caries can be prevented.

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Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA