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The Preliminary Study on Klungsu (Tamarind Seed) as An Alternative Material for Dental Calculus Remover Ratnawati Hendari; Sulur Joyo Sukendro; Sadimin Sadimin
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

This study was aimed at knowing the availability of Klungsu (Tamarind seed) as remover and cleaner for dental calculus. The study followed Completely Randomized Design with three treatments and tested with Ftest and Duncan Multiple Range Test. The availability was studied by soaking the calculus and enamel at two concentrations (0 and 25%) of Klungsu and one group without soaking (dry group). The results showed that soaking in Klungsu solution significantly decreased (p<0.05) the strength of dental calculus, but no significantly differences (p>0.05) were found for enamel. The conclusion could be drawn from this study was klungsu could be used as an alternative cleaning material for removing dental calculus and safe for dental enamel.

CDHA Ceramic Microspheres for Periodontitis Treatment: Synthesis, Characterization and Doxycycline Release Profiles Sunita Prem Victor; TS Sampath Kumar
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The present study is focused on the development of doxycycline loaded calcium–deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) microspheres for the treatment of periodontitis. The CDHA microspheres were formed by liquid immiscibility effect using gelatin and paraffin oil with varying Ca/P ratios using calcium hydroxide and diammonium hydrogen orthophosphate as precursors. The morphology of the microspheres as characterized by SEM was optimized by varying the gelatin content. The doxycycline incorporation and its release profiles were studied by UV-Visible spectroscopy in phosphate buffer at physiological conditions. The pH of the buffer solution was initially optimized to have maximum amount of drug loading. Doxycycline loading around the physiological pH of 7 has the highest amount of drug incorporation. All the microspheres exhibit similar release profiles with an initial gradual increase reaching a maximum value and then nearly constant release. The microspheres formed using 6% gelatin shows maximum amount of drug release of 80%.

Isolation and Characterization of Mouse Specificity Protein 6 Promoter Ivan Arie Wahyudi; Taigo Horiguchi; Keiko Miyoshi; Taro Muto; Trianna Wahyu Utami; Hiroko Hagita; Takafumi Noma
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Specificity protein 6 (SP6) is a member of the SP/Krüppel-like transcription factor family and plays key roles in tooth development. To study its biological roles, it is important to understand the spatiotemporal regulation of Sp6 gene expression. For this purpose, we first identified two separate 5' ends of the Sp6 cDNA by 5' RACE analysis using mouse mandibular RNA. Next, we isolated mouse genomic DNA fragments covering the Sp6 gene including two putative mouse Sp6 promoter regions and generated a series of luciferase reporter constructs. We confirmed the activity of both promoters by a luciferase assay and found strong second promoter activity in dental epithelial cells. Unexpectedly, we also detected potential third promoter activity in the intron 2 of the Sp6 gene. Last, we also found that bone morphogenetic protein and wingless signals could enhance Sp6 promoter activity in dental epithelial cells, suggesting the regulatory roles of two cytokines in Sp6 gene expression during tooth development. Our findings may shed new light on the regulatory mechanisms of Sp6 gene expression and provide a possible linkage between cytokine regulation of Sp6 expression and inductive epithelial and mesenchymal interactions.

Review: Pyridinoline Cross Link as Biomarker Alveolar Bone Destruction Dharmayanti, Agustin Wulan Suci
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Proceeding Book
Publisher : The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

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Background: In Indonesia, prevalence of periodontal diseases was very high about 46 %. Periodontal diseases caused alveolar bone destruction. When bacteria attacked, bacteria product and host response stimulate collagen degradation, especially type 1 collagen. Collagen type 1 consisted pyridinoline cross link. Collagen degradation product will be excreted in bloodstream and urine. These products have advantage to detect alveolar bone destruction in periodontal disease early, because clinical and rongentnologis examination can detect advanced stage of alveolar bone destruction in periodontal diseases. Objective: The aim of this review was to know pyridinoline cross link as biomarker alveolar bone destruction. Literature review: Alveolar bone tissue was mineralization connective tissue. Alveolar bone can be destructed by dental plaque bacteria and also by host response. Dental plaque bacteria stimulated PMN and MMP releasing at inflamed gingival area. They caused collagen fibers of alveolar bone was degradated and caused releasing of pyridinoline crosslink in blood. Conclusion: Pyridinoline crosslink can be used as biomarker of alveolar bone destruction.

Influence of Exposing Root Canal Dentin to Calcium Hydroxide on Its Flexural Strength Diatri Nari Ratih
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 3 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Calcium hydroxide has been used extensively in endodontic treatments, for instance as an intra-canal dressing; however, the exposure of root canal dentin to calcium hydroxide may affect its flexural strength and could have important clinical implications for endodontic treatment. The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of calcium hydroxide on the flexural strength of root canal dentin.Seventy-two extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were used in this study. Each tooth was instrumented using crown-down technique and was irrigated using sterile saline. The teeth were assigned into three groups of 24 each. The prepared root canal system of each tooth was filled with calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline (group 1), a calcium hydroxide commercially available product (UltraCal®) (group 2) or saline solution (group 3, as control). The apices and access opening were sealed using composite resin, and the teeth were immersed in artificial saliva. After 7, 14 and 30 days of immersion, the inner root canal dentin of 8 teeth respectively from each group were sectioned to create dentin bars (1 X 1 mm, with 7 mm in length). Each dentin bar then was subjected to a three-point bending flexural test using MTS (Universal Testing Machine). Data gathered were then analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s test with the level of significance of 95%. The results showed that exposure to calcium hydroxide either using calcium hydroxide mixed with sterile saline or UltraCal® for 14 and 30 days can reduce flexural strength of root canal dentin compared to control group (p<0.05). In contrast, after 7 days exposure, there was no significantly different of flexural strength between three groups (p>0.05). It can be concluded that calcium hydroxide reduced the flexural strength of root canal dentin. The longer the exposure to calcium hydroxide would produce a greater effect on flexural strength of root canal dentin.

An in vitro genotoxicity study of silver amalgam on Ames test Akram Hassan; S.A Omar; Zaihan Ariffin
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Silver amalgam/Silverfil Argentum® is a ‘Malaysian made amalgam’ has already been approved to be free from cytotoxicity, however its genotoxic effect has not been explored yet as biocompatible material. The objective of this study was to identify the genotoxic characteristic of silver amalgam by using Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test). This was a descriptive experimental study involving one strain of mutated Salmonella. The test material was evaluated in one mutated strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1538 with and without an external metabolic activation system (S9 Mix). The bacteria were incubated for 48 hours at 37±0.5ºC before the colony growth or revertant colonies were counted. Data obtained were analyzed by using non-statistical method. The investigation of the genotoxic reaction on the test material revealed thatthe number of revertant colonies in both strains with and without S9 Mix were less than twice of the negative control even in the presence of high silver amalgam concentrations (5.0μg/ml). This study demonstratedthat the test material did not exhibit any mutagenic activity under the chosen conditions. Thus, silver amalgam could be considered to have no genotoxicity effect.

Micronucleus frequency of the buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng village, Central Java Yudasari, Innayati Oktiana; Susilowati, Heni; Jonarta, Alma Linggar
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Proceeding Book
Publisher : The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (19.124 KB)

Pesticide is a toxic material used to eradicate physical intruder of crop, including pests, diseases, or weeds. Long-term exposure of pesticide to human body may give genotoxic effects at cellular level, as its substances are chemically bond with the components of DNA triggering the damage of DNA and chromosomes. Micronucleus, additional nucleus on the cells, presents as a result of the termination of the chemical bonds of DNA. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of micronuclei of buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng Village, Central Java. This research was conducted on 36 female villagers of Dieng Plateau. The first group consisted of 18 subjects who had regularly and directly exposed by pesticides due to their job as farmers. The control group consisted of 18 subjects were unexposed to pesticides. Buccal epithelium cells of all subjects was collected by swabing the right and left buccal mucosa using cytobrush, fixed and stained using Feulgen-Rossenbeck method. The micronuclei frequency was counted per 1000 epithelial cells. Data was analyzed using Independent Sample t-test. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference between exposed and unexposed groups (p= 0,01). It is concluded that there was an increase in the micronucleus frequency of buccal epithelial cells on pesticide-exposed female farmers in Dieng Village. Moreover, direct long-term exposure of pesticides may harm and damage the human body cells at the gene level.

Letter from the Editor Ika Dewi Ana
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

The field of life sciences moves forward at a rapid pace. Many of us do not fully realize that this acceleration is relatively new phenomenon in the history of mankind. It was in 1990 before the era of wireless phones and laptop computers when J. Craig Venter flew over the ocean and thought inside the airplane about the future of genome projects (as it was written by Ted Anton on his book entitled “Bold Science, Seven Scientists Who Are Changing Our World”).However, just over a short period of time, genome projects, which in 1997 required several years to complete, nowadays take only days. J. Craig Venter stated, as reported by Albert Sasson about the achievements, prospects, and perceptions of medical biotechnology, “For the past 15 years at ever faster rates we have digitizing biology. By that I mean going from the analog world of biology through DNA sequencing into the digital world of the computer. The human genome is perhaps the best example of digitizing biology. Our computer databases are growing faster per day than during the first 10 years of DNA sequencing. Thedatabases have been filling even faster with the results of J. Craig Venter’s global ocean sequencing project. As a result, we have now over 10 million genes in the public databases.” Indeed life sciences progress rapidly.In other areas, nanotechnology, for example, offers new solutions for biomedical sciences and provides a broad technological platform for application in industry. Such applications include bio-processing, molecular medicine, biotechnology, bio-fluidics for handling DNA, and other molecules, etc.Moreover, in another area, regenerative medical therapy reaches the interaction between scaffold, signaling molecules, and cells to enable neo-tissue formation and enhance healing potentials.All the above progresses in life sciences and biomedical sciences improve possibilities for patients to be helped. Meanwhile, ethical problems also arise by the fast science progresses.What about in oral and dental sciences? In some countries, the prevalence of oral and dental diseases is still considered very high. In some other countries the prevalence of dental caries is reducing by the application of fluoridation in societies. Although science has made human beings wealthy and prolonged life span, but to some extent scientists realize the limitation of sciences to cope health problems. In term of oral and dental sciences, opinions arise from research results and the confrontation of them also happens.In view of the overall mapping, The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is published by The Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, in collaboration with AFDOKGI, The Indonesian Association of The Faculty of Dentistry. The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research is an international journal dedicated to the latest advancement of dental research in Indonesia and Asia Pacific regions. The goal of this journal is to provide a platform for dentists and academicians all over the world to promote, share, and discuss various new issues and developments in different areas of dental and oral sciences.The acceptance of manuscripts will not rely on opinions of editors, but on evidence-based logical facts. The editors will help authors to improve their manuscripts by scientific bases. Any kind of articles are welcomed within the aim and scope of this journal.We are waiting for your contributions.Ika Dewi AnaEditor in Chief

The Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Fibroblast Cells Viability Vincentia Adya Paramitta; Tetiana Haniastuti Heni; Susilowati Susilowati
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] is widely used as medicament in dental pulp and root canal therapy. Previous studies demonstrate the ability of calcium hydroxide to induce necrosis in dental pulp tissue. However, the mechanism of tissue destruction remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate fibroblast cell viability in response to calcium hydroxide exposure. In this study, Vero fibroblast cell line was treated with various concentrations of calcium hydroxide for 24 hours. Cell viability was measured by using MTT assay. Our results showed significant decrease in cell viability after exposed with calcium hydroxide at concentration 62.5 and 125 µg/ml. The result indicated that calcium hydroxide induced cell death in Vero cell line in a dosedependent manner. This study suggests that fibroblast cell death may involved in the mechanism of pulp tissue necrosis caused by calcium hydroxide

Effects of Lidocaine Concentration on Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria Muhammad Wildan Hari Subagya Haryono; Poerwati Soetji Rahajoe
The Indonesian Journal of Dental Research Vol 1, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Lidocaine is one of the local anesthetics agents that are frequently used in dentistry. Streptococcus mutan is a gram-positive, facultatively an aerobic bacterium commonly found in human oral cavity. The study aims to find out the effects of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria. The study used experimental design with liquid and solid dilution method to find out bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects of Lidocaine concentration. The test bacteria used in the study are the ones, which have been compared with Mcfarland standard solution with 10μCFU/ML concentration. The Lidocaine concentrations were 2%, 1%,0.5%, 0.25%, 0.125%, 0.0625%, 0.03125%, 0.015625%, and 0.007812%. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney methods were used for the statistical test. The result of the study suggests that Lidocaine concentration has effects against Streptococcus mutans bacteria in the concentrations of 2%, 1% and 0.5%, to inhibit bacterial growth (p<0.05), but there was no bacteriocidal potential of Lidocaine concentration against Streptococcus mutans bacteria (p>0.05).

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Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA