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INDONESIA
Jurnal Media Gizi Indonesia (MGI)
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Health Professions
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 492 Documents
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Effects of Quercetin-Rich Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract on Glutathione Levels in Diabetic Rats Lailatul Muniroh; Eka Cahya Febriyanto; Agung Pranoto; Sudjarwo Sudjarwo; Vaidehi Ulaganathan; Annisa Socadevia
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.619-632

Abstract

High blood sugar increases the production of free radicals, which require antioxidants for neutralization. In addition, a high-fat diet (HFD) exacerbates oxidative stress by promoting lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and chronic low-grade inflammation, thereby accelerating the depletion of endogenous antioxidant defense systems. The main antioxidant in the body is glutathione (GSH), which can also be obtained or supported by bioactive compounds from plants, such as Tithonia diversifolia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a quercetin-rich T. diversifolia leaf extract on glutathione levels in diabetic rats. This study used a randomized post-test control group design. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: negative control group (X0): received CMC-Na; positive control group (X1): induced with STZ + HFD; treatment group X2: induced with STZ + HFD + T. diversifolia extract (100 mg/kg body weight); treatment group X3: induced with STZ + HFD + T. diversifolia extract (200 mg/kg body weight).  The diabetic rat model was created by inducing STZ at a dose of 60 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally and administering HFD for 14 days. The rats were treated with T. diversifolia extract for 28 days. On day 29, all rats were sacrificed, and blood samples were collected to measure glucose levels using a glucometer (EasyTouch® GCU) and EasyTouch® blood glucose test strips. GSH levels were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with a 95% confidence level (p=0.05). 
Organoleptic Evaluation of Gluemie, a Mocaf–White Millet Gluten-Free Noodle Developed for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder Alfi Fauziyah; Aishka Vairana Putri Aditya; Fatimah Z; Anisa Lailatul Fitria
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.562-572

Abstract

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is associated with gut-brain axis (GBA) dysfunction, a bidirectional mechanism that plays an important role in maintaining gut and brain homeostasis. Gut microbiota disturbances may affect psychological, behavioral, and cognitive conditions in individuals with ASD. Modified cassava flour (MOCAF) and white millet seeds have potential as gluten-free food ingredients to support gut microbiota balance. This experimental study developed three GluMie formulations: F0 (100% wheat flour), F1 (60% white millet seeds and 40% MOCAF), and F2 (60% MOCAF and 40% white millet seeds). Sensory quality testing was conducted by three trained panelists, while the hedonic test involved 15 special-needs teachers as untrained panelists. Acceptability testing was conducted on 10 children with ASD by providing 30 g of F1 and F2. Gluten content and proximate composition were analyzed. The Friedman test showed no significant difference between F2 and F0 (p=0.059), whereas F1 differed significantly from F0 (p=0.003). Therefore, F2 was selected as the best formulation, containing 39.16% carbohydrates, 8.03% protein, 2.25% fat, 49.15% moisture, and 209.01 kcal of energy, and was confirmed to be gluten-free. The acceptability test showed 0% food waste. Thus, GluMie F2 has potential as a gluten-free food alternative for individuals with ASD.
Predicting the Role of Essential Nutrients in Albumin Levels and Anthropometric Nutritional Indicators Among Hemodialysis Patients Fista Utami; Supriyono; Hanna Nurjanah; Aprinia Dian Nurhayati; Endang Sri Wahyuni; Noor Rohmah Mayasari; Novianti Tysmala Dewi
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.573-583

Abstract

Introduction: Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk of protein-energy wasting, hypoalbuminemia, and loss of lower limb muscle mass. This study examined the associations of protein, iron, calcium, and vitamin D intake with serum albumin, anthropometric measures, and indicators of lower limb muscle mass (LLMM). Methods: This cross-sectional study included 150 patients undergoing hemodialysis who were recruited through purposive sampling. Dietary intake was assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum albumin, body mass index (BMI), leg skeletal muscle mass (LSM), calf circumference, and thigh circumference were measured. Associations were assessed using linear regression. Result: Protein (β = 0.225, p = 0.006), iron (β = 0.185, p = 0.024), and calcium intake (β = 0.251, p = 0.002) were positively associated with serum albumin. Protein intake was positively associated with body mass index (β = 0.187, p = 0.022). Calcium intake was positively associated with calf circumference (β = 0.321, p = 0.047) and thigh circumference (β = 0.292, p = 0.001). Conclusion: Protein, iron, and calcium intake were associated with serum albumin, while calcium intake was associated with calf and thigh circumference. No significant association with LSM was observed. These cross-sectional findings warrant further investigation of factors affecting muscle mass in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Future studies should investigate the combined effects of dietary intervention with inflammation and physical activity on muscle preservation in hemodialysis patients.
Sub-Acute Effects of Durian and Beta-Glucan on Cardiovascular Risk Markers and Gut Hormones in Male Rats Abbe Maleyki Mhd Jalil; Atirah A Aziz; Napisah Hussin; Anuar Md Zain; Muhammad Ibrahim; Erni Sofia Murtini; Nurul Huda
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.633-644

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) consumption increased postprandial glycemic and lipid profiles. This study determine the effect of adding soluble beta-glucan with durian on posptprandial glycemic, lipid profiles and gut hormones (peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, cholecystokinin). Rats were divided to Positive Control, Durian, Beta-Glucan, Durian + Beta-Glucan and Negative Control (normal diet). Durian (114.5 g) and 4 g of beta-glucan were converted to animal equivalent dose (AED). The formulations were given using an oral gavage. Blood was collected at the end of week 2. Durian + Beta-Glucan showed significantly (p<0.05) lower food intake compared with Beta-Glucan group.  Durian and/or Beta-glucan showed similar fasting glycemic, insulin, C-peptide and gut hormones compared with controls and baseline for all treatment groups. Rats fed with Durian + Beta-Glucan showed significantly (p<0.003) higher LDL-c compared with baseline with 0.42 (0.37-0.54) and 0.16 (0.08-0.26) mmol/L, respectively. This study suggests that a combination of durian and beta-glucan reduced food intake and has no negative effects on glycaemic response. The effects could be due to increase stomach distention or slower gastric emptying. It is imperative to note that sub-acute durian supplementation was associated with higher LDL-c but this needs to be confirmed in human study.
Relationship between Diet Quality with Serum Ferritin Levels in First and Second Trimesters of Pregnant Women in Padang City Rizka Yulia Sary; Helmizar Helmizar; Andani Eka Putra
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.493-501

Abstract

Anemia in pregnancy is a public health challenge, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Although several studies in Indonesia have evaluated dietary quality among pregnant women, most have focused on individual nutrient intake rather than on composite dietary quality indices. However, there is limited evidence on the relationship between a modified Healthy Eating Index adapted to Indonesian dietary guidelines and serum ferritin. This study aimed to examine the relationship between diet quality, evaluated using a modified Healthy Eating Index (HEI), and serum ferritin levels in pregnant women in Padang. This study used a cross-sectional observational study involved 80 pregnant women in Padang. Sociodemographic details and diet quality were obtained using a validated questionnaire. Serum ferritin levels were measured by collecting blood samples from respondents. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 with Pearson's correlation. The results showed a significant positive correlation between diet quality and serum ferritin levels (r = 0.485, p =0.000). The average total HEI score was 66.16 ± 14.44, indicating that the average diet quality of the respondents was moderate to good. Improved diet quality, as measured by the modified Indonesian HEI, was positively associated with higher iron status among pregnant women in Padang.  
Orthorexia Nervosa Prevalence among Medical Students: A Study Using the TON-17 Scale Yüksel Duygu Altıparmak; Ülkü Sur Ünal; Tümay Sadıkoğlu
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.551-561

Abstract

Background: Orthorexia Nervosa (ON) is an eating disorder defined as an obsession with healthy eating. Medical students may be at increased risk due to increased nutritional knowledge. Methods: This cross-sectional study was completed between September 2024 until June 2025 at a university in Istanbul with 128 medical students. ON tendencies were assessed using the Test of Orthorexia Nervosa-17 (TON-17). Sociodemographic data, smoking status, history of chronic disease, and body mass index (BMI) were also assessed. Results: The mean total TON-17 score was 43.4 ± 8.9, placing the sample in the "at-risk" category. According to clinical cut-off values, 1,6% of students met the criteria for diagnostic ON. A significant negative correlation was identified between BMI and Focus on Healthy Eating (p < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that non-smokers were 1.6 times more prone to developing a healthy eating obsession, whereas living with family served as a protective factor, reducing the risk by 1.6 times (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although the prevalence of diagnostic ON was low, medical students demonstrated subclinical orthorexic tendencies trends. These findings highlight the necessity of using psychometrically robust tools like TON-17 for accurate assessment and the potential need for targeted lifestyle counseling for high-risk student groups.
Development of Lemuru Fish Protein Hydrolysate–Moringa Leaf Formulation (HPILK) as a Supplementary Feeding for Stunting Children Ninna Rohmawati; Annis Catur Adi; Soetjipto Soetjipto; Holif Fitriyah; Erwina Safitri
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.467-479

Abstract

Background: Stunting remains a major nutritional problem in Indonesia, highlighting the need for locally developed, nutrient-dense supplementary foods. Objective: This study aimed to develop a beverage powder formulated from lemuru fish protein hydrolysate and Moringa leaf powder (HPILK) and evaluate its sensory characteristics, nutritional composition, and potential nutrition claims. Methods: Lemuru fish hydrolysate was produced enzymatically and combined with Moringa leaf powder. Sensory evaluation included Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) by trained panelists and hedonic testing using a 7-point scale. Results: The findings indicate that HPILK contained 351.59 kcal/100 g energy, 65.86 ± 0.06 g/100 g protein, 5.83 ± 0.12 g/100 g fat, 8.92 ± 0.07 g/100 g carbohydrates, 31.89 ± 0.08 mg iron, and 12.07 ± 0.06 mg zinc. Sensory analysis showed moderate brown color, slight grittiness, homogeneous mouthfeel, balanced sweet and fish tastes, low off-flavor intensity, and excellent hot-water solubility. Overall acceptability was rated “liked” (score 6). Based on its nutrient composition, HPILK qualifies for high-protein, iron-source, and zinc-source claims. Conclusion:  HPILK shows a nutrient-dense, sensorially acceptable, locally sourced supplementary food with high protein, iron, and zinc content and strong potential to support stunting prevention programs.
Body Weight, Glycemic Parameters, and Pancreatic Histopathology in Type 2 Diabetic Rats Given Gradual Doses of Honey Goat Milk Kefir Avliya Quratul Marjan; Amanda Shofiyanty; Ibnu Malkan Bakhrul Ilmi; Angga Hardiansyah; Erna Harfiani; Indra Kusuma
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.604-618

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance, pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, and persistent hyperglycemia. This study evaluated the effects of graded doses of honey goat milk kefir on body weight, blood glucose, HbA1c, and pancreatic histopathology in diabetic rats. A true experimental study was conducted on 30 male Sprague–Dawley rats divided into healthy control (KS), diabetic control (KN), and three treatment groups (P1, P2, and P3). T2DM was induced using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin. After 14 days of intervention, blood glucose and HbA1c were measured enzymatically, while pancreatic morphology was evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin staining and insulin immunohistochemical. Data were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests, followed by post hoc analyses. The P3 group showed the lowest blood glucose (152.80 ± 19.77 mg/dL; p = 1.7 × 10⁻⁵) and HbA1c (14.93 ± 1.85 ng/mL; p = 0.0048) among diabetic groups. The pancreatic organ index did not differ significantly (p = 0.23), whereas islet area differed significantly (p = 4.4 × 10⁻⁵). Graded doses of honey goat milk kefir improved glycemic parameters and pancreatic structure, with the most favorable effects observed at the highest dose.
A Prediction Model for Premenstrual Syndrome Treatment Success in Adolescents: The Role of Hemoglobin Recovery and Early Symptom Response Cia Aprilianti; Antono Suryoputro; Martha Irene Kartasurya; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.517-532

Abstract

Approximately 22–65% of adolescent girls experience severe premenstrual syndrome (PMS), yet no validated tool exists to identify non-responders early enough for timely intervention. This study developed and internally validated a model predicting PMS treatment success from early response and hemoglobin recovery. A prospective quasi-experimental three-arm study enrolled 156 girls aged 16–18 years with severe PMS (score ≥121) from three senior high schools in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia (October 2024–April 2025). Four logistic regression models were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), McFadden R², and Hosmer–Lemeshow calibration, with optimism correction from 1,000 and 95% confidence intervals from 2,000 bootstrap resamples. Of the 156 participants, 59 (37.8%) met the success criteria. The final model achieved AUC 0.918 (95% CI: 0.873–0.957; optimism-corrected 0.909), with accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 85.9%, 83.1%, and 87.6%, respectively. Three predictors emerged: baseline PMS severity (OR = 0.11; 95% CI: 0.05–0.23), cumulative hemoglobin recovery (OR = 3.63; 95% CI: 1.98–6.67), and early symptom change at week 4 (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32–0.94). The model enables mid-treatment risk stratification from three measurable variables, supporting treatment modification. External validation is essential prior to clinical adoption.  
VDR-Mediated Immunomodulation in Pediatric IgA Vasculitis: A Systematic Review of the Evidence Base for Alfacalcidol Rusdian Niati Ningsih; Anang Endaryanto; Zahrah Hikmah; Azwin Mengindra Putera
Media Gizi Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 4 (2026): MEDIA GIZI INDONESIA
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/mgi.v21i4.584-603

Abstract

Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP), or IgA vasculitis, is the most common systemic vasculitis in children, with nephritis being the primary cause of long-term morbidity. Current therapeutic options remain limited, and the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin D analogs have prompted interest in alternative treatment approaches. This systematic review aimed to consolidate and critically appraise the existing clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of alfacalcidol as an adjunctive therapy in the management of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura. A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE (PubMed), ScienceDirect, Cochrane CENTRAL, and LILACS from inception through January 15, 2026, following the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included pediatric patients (<18 years) with confirmed HSP who received alfacalcidol therapy and reported renal outcomes, relapse rates, or symptom resolution. Risk of bias was assessed independently by two reviewers using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool, and the certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE. PROSPERO 2026 CRD420261399662. Two prospective controlled trials from China (255 children) were included in this study. A limited exploratory within-group pre-post quantitative synthesis of clinical severity scores (alfacalcidol arm only) showed a pooled mean change of −19.98 (95% CI −21.95 to −18.02; I²=0%). 

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