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Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20853475 EISSN : 25409972 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 459 Documents

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Postpartum Mothers’ Experiences of Consuming Traditional Herbal Medicine: Phenomenological Study to Increase Breast Milk Production among the Madurese, Indonesia Yulia Wardita; Dian Permatasari; Eka Meiri Kurniyati; Nurul Khalifah
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: The postpartum period is a challenging time for mothers. One common challenge during this period is low breast milk production, which can be caused by various internal and external factors. East Java Province reported that the lowest percentage of breast milk for children aged 0-23 months (toddlers) came from Sumenep Regency, namely 76.9%. Objective: To explore the experiences of postpartum mothers in consuming traditional herbal medicine to increase breast milk production. Method: This study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological approach. Eight informants were involved, including postpartum mothers, traditional herbal medicine sellers, midwives, and community leaders. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis. Results: The results of the study indicate that traditional herbal medicine is commonly consumed by postpartum mothers. It is typically consumed 1–2 days after childbirth to stimulate breast milk production. The traditional herbal medicine is composed of natural ingredients, including Javanese turmeric (temulawak), turmeric, and ginger, and is consumed twice daily. This practice has been passed down through generations and is introduced by family members and the community. The benefits experienced by mothers include smooth breast milk flow, a refreshed body, and a warm sensation in the stomach, which are generally felt 2–7 days after consuming the herbal medicine. Mild side effects, such as bloating, occur in a small number of mothers and can be managed by reducing the dosage. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. This study received ethical re-approval from the ethics committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wiraraja University, with Number: 599.1/KEPK/VII/2025. Conclusion: Traditional herbal medicine remains trusted and is widely consumed among the Madurese because it has a positive effect on breast milk production.

Association Between Cigarette Advertising Exposure and Smoking Behavior Among Early Adolescents Heni Trisnowati; Nurul Ain; Sitti Nurdjannah; Aufatcha Ayutya Suryana
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: The prevalence of smoking among adolescents in Indonesia continues to increase, extending even to students at the elementary and junior high school levels. Adolescence is a crucial phase that is also vulnerable to the formation of long-term smoking behavior. One of the factors implicated in this trend is exposure to cigarette advertising disseminated through various channels, including social media platforms and outdoor promotional media. Objective: This study aimed to examine the association between exposure to cigarette advertisements and smoking behavior among elementary and junior high school students in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. Methods: A quantitative study with an observational analytical design and a cross-sectional approach was conducted. A total of 182 students were recruited using a cluster sampling technique. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire adapted from previously validated instruments. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed, with the chi-square test applied to assess the relationship between advertisement exposure and smoking behavior. Results: Most respondents reported a moderate level of exposure to cigarette advertising (67.0%). The results of the chi-square analysis indicated a statistically significant association between exposure to cigarette advertisements and smoking behavior (p = 0.044; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a significant relationship between exposure to cigarette advertising and smoking behavior among elementary and junior high school students in Sleman Regency, Yogyakarta. These results underscore the need to strengthen regulations on cigarette advertising, particularly in school settings and public spaces, and highlight the importance of early health education interventions to prevent smoking initiation among young adolescents.

Mental Health Literacy Interventions for Preventing Bullying among High School Students Nita Yunianti Ratnasari; Weni Hastuti; Munaaya Fitria; Suyanto
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Health, which refers to a complete physical, mental, and social well-being, enables individuals to live productively in their social and economic contexts. Recently, Indonesian society has been alarmed by the increasing number of cases related to children's health, both physically, such as the rising number of children experiencing obesity and stunting, and psychologically. Another urgent issue requiring special attention is the prevalence of school-aged children experiencing depression due to bullying. The incidence of bullying among students continues to rise across various educational levels, necessitating preventive measures and effective interventions. Objective: To analyze the level of students’ knowledge regarding bullying and to evaluate the effectiveness of a mental health literacy intervention. Methods: Employing a one-group pre-test–post-test quantitative descriptive design, this study involved 49 respondents selected through purposive sampling from a total population of 132 students at SMA Muhammadiyah 6 Surakarta, consisting of 19 regular students and 30 inclusive students with various conditions (slow learners, autism, dwarfism, physical disabilities, low vision, speech impairments, and hearing disorders). The intervention consisted of a 45-minute interactive mental health literacy session covering the definition, forms, impacts, and prevention of bullying. Knowledge was assessed using a structured questionnaire (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.87) administered immediately before and after the session. Data were analyzed descriptively using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The findings indicate that students' knowledge levels fall within a high category, with the proportion of correct answers per item reaching 85–93.9%. Students understand the definition, forms, impacts, as well as prevention and reporting steps related to bullying. Conclusion: The mental health literacy program has proven effective in enhancing collective awareness, empathy, and the courage to report incidents within the school environment. It can be concluded that the mental health literacy intervention plays a crucial role in fostering a safe and inclusive school culture.

Weight Stigma and Social Support Determining Collective Self-Esteem in University Students Yuni Kurniawaty; Gabriel Wanda Sinawang; Sri Winarni
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Weight stigma is a social determinant of health that can negatively impact students' psychosocial well-being, particularly their collective self-esteem, a key component of academic group identity. Social support acts as a protective factor, reinforcing positive perceptions of social groups. Objective: To analyze the influence of weight stigma and social support, as social determinants of health, on the collective self-esteem of students at the Saint Vincent de Paul Catholic College of Health Sciences in Surabaya. Methods: A quantitative correlational study was conducted. The study population consisted of 347 students, from whom a sample of 71 respondents was selected using purposive sampling (inclusion criteria: BMI < 18.5 or > 24, and consent to participate). The instruments used were the Interpersonal Support Rating Scale (ISEL), the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), and the Collective Self-Esteem Scale (CSE). Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression. Results: Weight-related stigma has a significant effect on collective self-esteem (p = 0.043; r = -0.237), contributing 5.4%. Social support also has a significant effect (p = 0.006; r = 0.320), contributing 10.048%. Simultaneously, these two variables have a significant effect (p = 0.003), with a coefficient of determination (R²) of 15.5%, indicating that the combination of risk and protective factors explains the variations in students' collective self-esteem. Weight-related stigmatization is inversely proportional to collective self-esteem: the more students are stigmatized, the lower their collective self-esteem. Conversely, social support is positively correlated with collective self-esteem and is a stronger predictor of its increase. Conclusion: These results highlight the importance of health promotion interventions in higher education, particularly reducing stigma on campuses and strengthening social support systems, as preventive and promotional strategies to improve students' psychosocial well-being.

Adolescent Girls Behavior Towards Reproductive Health Services regarding Personal Hygiene during Disaster: Systematic Review Alya Khairinnisa Nur Sabrina; Muhammad Azinar; Alfiana Ainun Nisa
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Natural disasters can trigger health crises and lead to the neglect of adolescents’ reproductive health. The risk of reproductive health problems among adolescents increases due to damaged sanitation facilities, such as urinary tract infections in Turkey (22.6%) and Jordan (92.25%). A total of 68% of households reported that their sanitation facilities were damaged, while 36% had no sanitation facilities three months after the disaster. In addition, 14% of adolescents were unaware that such services were available, and 12% felt ineligible to access them. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the factors that may influence adolescent girls’ access to reproductive health services related to personal hygiene during natural disasters. Methods: This study employed a systematic review approach using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Through searches conducted in Scopus, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. These articles were subsequently assessed for methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP), and all were found to be of good quality and eligible for further synthesis. Results: The synthesis revealed that adolescent girls’ behavior was influenced by predisposing factors such as stigma, social norms, privacy, perceptions, knowledge, and feelings of insecurity; enabling factors such as the availability of facilities, product distribution, service design, physical barriers, and damaged infrastructure; as well as need factors. Comprehensive services, healthcare worker training, and the strategic placement of service posts can be implemented to improve adolescent girls’ access to reproductive health services related to personal hygiene. Conclusion: This systematic review identified predisposing, enabling, and need factors as key factors associated with adolescent girls' behavior in accessing reproductive health services related to personal hygiene during disaster situations.

Effectiveness of Community-Based Maternal Education and Screening in Improving Maternal Knowledge I Gusti Ngurah Made Bayuningrat; Tri Purnami Dewi R.; Kadek Agus Kurniawan
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Maternal health remains a major public health priority. Maternal health literacy is essential for recognizing pregnancy danger signs and making timely use of maternal health services. Community-based education can improve knowledge, while integrating basic screening may increase the relevance of health messages by linking education with individual health assessment. Objective: This study evaluated changes in maternal health knowledge after an integrated community-based maternal health education and screening program among pregnant women in Bali, Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest-posttest study was conducted among 15 pregnant women in Carangsari Village, Bali, recruited purposively from local maternal health services. The program combined education on pregnancy danger signs, maternal nutrition, anemia prevention, and oral health with hemoglobin testing, mid-upper arm circumference measurement, and oral health examination. Maternal knowledge was measured using the same structured questionnaire before and after the program. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and knowledge scores, and a paired t-test assessed the pre-post change in overall knowledge. Results: The mean overall maternal knowledge score increased from 56.0 before the program to 82.7 after the program, an absolute increase of 26.7 points and a relative increase of 47.7% (p < 0.001). Improvements were also observed across all four knowledge domains, with the largest relative increase in knowledge of pregnancy danger signs. Conclusion: The integrated community-based program was associated with a substantial immediate improvement in maternal knowledge. Because the study used a small purposive sample and had no control group, the findings should be interpreted as preliminary and should be confirmed in larger controlled studies.

The Effects of Personal and Environmental on The Incidence of Scabies Aziz Setiawan; Atti Yudiernawati
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Several common health issues frequently occur in Islamic boarding schools. Among the most common are scabies, shortness of breath, fever, fainting, coughs and colds accompanied by the flu, gastritis, and others. Scabies, also known as “gudik,” is a common skin disease among children, particularly in densely populated areas. Students living in Islamic boarding schools seem “bound” to experience this itchy condition, characterized by intense itching, skin rashes, and scratches. Personal hygiene, knowledge, and support from teachers and peers are among the contributing factors. Objective: This study aims to analyze the influence of personal factors (knowledge and self-efficacy) and environmental factors (social support, access to supplies, and observational learning) on the incidence of scabies, with personal hygiene practices serving as a mediating variable. Methods: This quantitative study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted at three Islamic boarding schools in the Lowokwaru subdistrict of Malang City. Sampling was performed using a multistage stratified random sampling technique, with 274 students selected from a total of 728 students. Results: The study shows the influence of environmental factors—comprising social support (p-value = 0.006) and ownership of supplies (p-value = 0.000)—on personal hygiene practices. Meanwhile, among personal factors, only self-efficacy had a significant effect (p-value = 0.000) on personal hygiene practices. The two factors that simultaneously influence personal hygiene practices are self-efficacy (p-value = 0.000) and ownership of personal hygiene supplies (p-value = 0.000). However, neither personal nor environmental factors had an effect on the incidence of scabies with personal hygiene practices as a mediating variable (p-value = 0.05). Conclusions: There is no effect of environmental and personal factors on the incidence of scabies among boarding school students, with personal hygiene practices serving as a mediating variable, at boarding schools in Lowokwaru Subdistrict, Malang City.

Husband Support in Adolescent Unintended Pregnancy Dewi Epipania Naibaho; Zahroh Shaluhiyah; Novia Handayani
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Unintended pregnancy has become an increasingly prevalent social phenomenon among adolescents. Husband support plays an important role in reducing anxiety during pregnancy and helping adolescents cope with unintended pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to describe the support provided by husbands to adolescents experiencing unintended pregnancy in the service area of Community Health Center X, Demak Regency. Methods: The inclusion criteria comprised partners of adolescents with unintended pregnancies, whose records were registered at the selected community health center and who had infants aged less than one year. Participants were excluded if they declined to participate in the interview or could not be contacted during the study period. Data were collected through in-depth interviews conducted by the principal researcher using a trust-building approach to facilitate open communication and participant engagement. A semi-structured interview guide was used to ensure consistency across interviews, and all interviews were audio-recorded with participants’ consent. The interview recordings were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. To enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of the findings, the coding process and theme development were reviewed by qualitative research experts. Results: The findings showed that the informants initially responded to unintended pregnancy with stress and subsequently addressed the situation through marriage. Several forms of husband support were identified, including emotional support in the form of attention, affection, and empathy; appraisal support in the form of appreciation, praise, gratitude, and positive affirmation; instrumental support in the form of healthcare responsibility, household assistance, financial support, and transportation assistance; and informational support in the form of advice and counseling. Conclusion: Unintended pregnancy among adolescents occurred within conditions of socioeconomic vulnerability, limiting readiness for marital and parental roles. Primary healthcare providers should strengthen targeted antenatal programmes for pregnant adolescents, particularly those experiencing an unintended pregnancy, and develop couple-based education programmes to enhance spousal support.

Effectiveness of a Family-Based HIV Intervention in Preventing Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolecents in Indonesia: A Quasi-Experimental Study Tuti Yanuarti; Novita; Achmad Fauzi; Linlin Lindayani
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Adolescents are a priority population for HIV prevention because knowledge, decision-making capacity, and perceptions of risk are still evolving during this developmental stage. Family engagement may enhance protective behaviors by strengthening communication, supervision, emotional support, and adolescents’ confidence in avoiding high-risk situations. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a family-based HIV prevention intervention in improving sexual risk prevention behavior among adolescents in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. Methods: A quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control-group design was conducted among 350 adolescents aged 16–18 years. Participants were assigned to an intervention group (n = 175) or a control group (n = 175). The intervention consisted of three weekly family-based educational sessions involving adolescents and caregivers, while the control group received standard HIV prevention information through leaflets. Outcomes were assessed using the Sexual Behavior Abstinence and Avoidance of High-Risk Situation Questionnaire, which measures self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and perceived benefit. Data were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significant increase in overall HIV prevention behavior scores from 43.81 ± 5.40 at baseline to 58.48 ± 4.20 after the intervention (p < 0.001). Although the adjusted between-group difference in total scores was not statistically significant (p = 0.078), significant improvements were observed in self-efficacy, behavioral intention, and perceived benefit (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Family-based HIV prevention interventions effectively strengthen psychosocial determinants associated with protective behaviors among adolescents. Integrating family participation into school- and community-based health promotion programs may support culturally appropriate HIV prevention strategies in Indonesia.

Prevention of Adolescent Smoking Through Community Asset Mapping and School-Based Risk Communication Fadly Abdul Hakim; Nur Rohmah; Annisa Nurachmawati
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Adolescent smoking remains a major public health concern because it increases the risk of nicotine dependence and non-communicable diseases later in life. School-based smoking prevention programs have primarily focused on health education, while the integration of community assets and risk communication to support sustainable behavioral change remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to describe the implementation of Community Asset Mapping (CAM) and school-based risk communication as health promotion strategies for preventing smoking behavior among adolescents. Methods: A descriptive study with a participatory health promotion approach was conducted among 36 eleventh-grade students at SMKN 10 Samarinda, Indonesia. The intervention included identifying smoking-related risk factors, mapping community assets, developing risk communication strategies, designing health promotion media, and assessing health literacy and student empowerment using structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed descriptively using frequencies and percentages. Results: Most participants demonstrated good health literacy (83.3%) and good levels of student empowerment (66.7%). The main factors associated with adolescent smoking included peer influence, low risk perception regarding smoking hazards, permissive social environments, and easy access to tobacco products. Community Asset Mapping identified human, social, physical, economic, and institutional assets that could support school-based health promotion initiatives. Based on these findings, risk communication strategies were developed through health education, smoke-free school campaigns, social media engagement, educational posters, and peer education. Conclusion: Integrating Community Asset Mapping with school-based risk communication provides a participatory and sustainable health promotion strategy for preventing adolescent smoking. This approach strengthens health literacy, enhances student empowerment, and optimizes community assets to support healthier school environments and reinforce tobacco prevention efforts among adolescents.

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