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Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20853475 EISSN : 25409972 DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions

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Articles 459 Documents

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Do Journalists Make Better Researchers: Case Study Of Journalists As Primary Instrument In Qualitative Data Collection Christina Chin; Amer Siddiq Amer Nordin
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educatio
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: The National Health and Morbidity Survey 2022 found that the current prevalence of tobacco product use among Malaysian adolescents is 18.5%, with the majority (14.9%) using electronic cigarettes and vapes (ECVs) (Institute for Public Health, Ministry of Health, 2022). The increased prevalence of young girls using ECVs is particularly concerning, since smoking is not commonly the norm among girls and women. Objective: This case study aimed to unpack the disadvantages and advantages of a journalist reporting on the research topic, to also take on the role of a researcher, and the ethical considerations involved. Methods: This research comprised in-depth interviews with ECV users and stakeholders representing academia, the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH), and the industry. Results: The results indicate that ECV use is viewed by both men and women mainly as a health issue, as there is no difference in how males and females respond to 14 of the Health Belief Model (HBM) perceptions. Concerned about the “vulnerable” population—women and children—especially girls, stakeholders recommended that ECV-related policymaking take into account the protection of these groups, particularly since ECV use is less of a taboo for women than cigarettes. Conclusion: When exploring a new social, political, health, and economic phenomenon, namely the prevalence and policy to address ECV uptake in Malaysia, a journalist taking on the role of a principal researcher adds richness to the literature review and the qualitative data collection process. However, the risk of bias must be adequately addressed as a validity strategy, and the methodology must be clearly defined to ensure academic rigour, objectivity of the research, and accuracy of the findings.

Perceived Academic Stress, Emotional Eating, and Depressive Symptoms among FK-KMK UGM Students Nurul Hafizah; Bayu Satria Wiratama; Fitrina M. Kusumaningrum; Emy Huriyati
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: In Indonesia, 6.2% of people between the ages of 15 and 24 suffer from depression, which is especially common among college students enrolled in health-related courses. Previous research has demonstrated a favorable correlation between depressive symptoms and perceived academic stress. Emotional eating, or eating to cope with unpleasant feelings, is one unhealthy coping mechanism. Objective: In this study, undergraduate students at Universitas Gadjah Mada’s Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing (FK-KMK UGM) were asked whether emotional eating moderates the association between perceived academic stress and depressive symptoms. Methods: 416 undergraduate students from the academic years 2021–2024 participated in this cross-sectional survey. The Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), the Perception of Academic Stress (PAS) questionnaire, and the Emotional Eating Scale (EES) were used to evaluate depressive symptoms. Convenience sampling was employed, and Google Forms was utilized to gather data via WhatsApp and LINE groups. Stratified analysis and interaction were used to evaluate moderation, and multiple ordinal logistic regression was used. Results: Gender, primary and secondary appraisal, and social support were significant covariates. A total of 58.2% of students reported minimal depressive symptoms; high perceived academic stress was significantly associated with increased depressive symptoms (AOR: 4.35); emotional eating was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms and did not moderate the relationship. Conclusion: Among medical students, the impression of academic stress is a significant predictor of depressive symptoms. The link was not moderated by emotional eating, but social support and primary and secondary appraisal were protective factors, underscoring the need for focused mental health treatments in academic contexts.

A Brief and Focused Training Model: Improving Health Volunteers’ Capacity to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening Alifia Firliani; Suharyanti; Prita Muliarini; Anung Putri Illahika; Dian Yuliartha Lestari
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educatio
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Community health volunteers (CHVs)- a subset of the broader community health workers, has led various health promotion initiatives of cervical cancer screening in Indonesia and across many LMICs. Capacity-building strengthens the roles of health volunteers, but little is documented about effective training designs considering resource-constraints and multiple roles of volunteers. Intensive, brief-duration training has emerged as an effective strategy for addressing such challenges. Objective: The effectiveness of a brief and focused training on CHVs' cervical cancer screening promotion knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy was assessed in this study. Methods: A six-hour training intervention was implemented using quasi-experimental, pre–post design with 103 health volunteers in Malang, Indonesia. Pre-test and post-test surveys were used to evaluate changes in knowledge, belief systems, and self-efficacy. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, and data visualizations were performed using R Studio. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test showed significant improvement in knowledge (Z = −3.947, p < 0.001), beliefs (Z = −2.787, p = 0.005), and self-efficacy (Z = −6.917, p < 0.001). The greatest improvements were observed in self-efficacy (r = 0.68), as participants showed a two-point median increase following training. Subgroup analysis showed the greatest gains in those with lower baseline scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Targeted, brief-duration training is effective in developing volunteers' skills to promote cervical cancer screening and is a promising strategy in resource-scarce settings. Overall, this finding reinforces community-based strategies for cervical cancer prevention by strengthening the role of CHVs as community change agents in health promotion efforts, thereby supporting national goals of improving cervical cancer control in Indonesia and other LMICs.

Subjective Experiences of Adolescents in Facing Obesity: A Phenomenological Approach Andy Muharry; Meita Tyas Nugrahaeni; Dadan Yogaswara; Yuni Laferani; Kharisma Nurul Fazrianti Rusman
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. 2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educatio
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Adolescent obesity has emerged as a global public health issue. Despite increasing prevalence, limited research explores adolescents’ subjective experiences and perceptions of obesity within their sociocultural context. Understanding these perspectives is crucial for developing comprehensive interventions that address not only the clinical but also the psychosocial dimensions of obesity. Objective: This study expected to provide a comprehensive and contextual understanding of the challenges, perceptions, and meanings that adolescents associate with obesity conditions, which can serve as the basis for the development of more sensitive and effective health interventions and psychosocial support Method: This qualitative study employed a phenomenological approach to explore the lived experiences of obese adolescents in Leuwisari District, Tasikmalaya, West Java. Fifteen adolescents were selected purposively based on the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using a semi-structured guide, then transcribed, coded, and analyzed thematically through textural and structural descriptions. The analysis was further supported by a coding matrix and word cloud visualization, which helped identify dominant patterns and language use. Results: Findings revealed that adolescents perceived obesity as both a physical condition and a source of social-emotional distress. Texturally, they experienced discomfort, self-image dissatisfaction, and social stigma. While structurally, their experiences were influenced by family habits, peer norms, and limited health literacy. Female participants frequently expressed empathy, reflection, and motivation for lifestyle changes, whereas males reported feelings of insecurity, struggles with self-acceptance, and social pressure. The word cloud analysis highlighted the multidimensional nature of adolescent experiences with obesity. Conclusion: Adolescent obesity represents a multidimensional phenomenon shaped by physical discomfort, psychosocial stress, and sociocultural expectations. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating psychosocial understanding into obesity interventions, promoting health literacy, and fostering supportive social environments that reduce stigma and encourage self-acceptance among adolescents.

From Campus to Lifestyle: What Really Drives Anemia-Preventive Behaviors in Female Islamic College Students? Nisrina Lutfiyanti Arybah; Riastuti Kusuma Wardani; Febrianti; Catur Rosidati
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a significant public health concern among women of reproductive age, including female college students. Anemia can impair immunity, physical fitness, and concentration, and increase the risk of future pregnancy complications. Although prevention efforts such as the provision of iron–folic acid (IFA) tablets have been implemented, female college students have not been a primary target of interventions and remain vulnerable due to unbalanced dietary patterns and unhealthy eating habits. Data from the Faculty of Health Sciences, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, reported an anemia prevalence of 46.07% among female college students. Anemia prevention behavior is shaped by predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors; however, research on determinants of such behavior in this population remains limited. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with anemia prevention behavior among female students at the Faculty of Health Sciences in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with proportional random sampling involving 243 female students. Data were collected from May to July 2025 and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results: 46.1% of respondents demonstrated poor anemia prevention behavior. Significant associated factors included predisposing factors (attitude), enabling factors (media exposure to health information, access to IFA tablets, and availability of animal protein sources), and reinforcing factors (peer support). Conclusion: These findings highlight the importance of campus-level policies and student health promotion efforts in supporting anemia prevention behaviors among female students. A supportive campus environment that strengthens health promotion, peer support, and access to health resources is needed to encourage anemia prevention behaviors.

The Correlation Between Self-Efficacy and Physical Activity Among College Students Halepi Anindya Wisista; Zidni Imanurrohmah Lubis; Anita Faradilla Rahim; Syiar Aprilla Tanazza
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Among college students, engagement in physical activity is influenced by various psychological factors, one of which is self-efficacy. This construct describes an individual's confidence in their capability to accomplish intended goals. When self-efficacy is inadequate, students may be more likely to adopt sedentary habits, potentially leading to unfavorable physical and mental health outcomes. Objective: This study was conducted to explore whether self-efficacy is associated with physical activity among college students. Methods: Using a cross-sectional analytical observational design, this quantitative research involved 383 undergraduate students from the 2023 cohort who were recruited through random sampling. The “General Self-Efficacy Scale” or GSES was utilized to assess self-efficacy, whereas physical activity was evaluated using the “International Physical Activity Questionnaire–Short Form” or IPAQ-SF. Participant profiles and research variables were summarized through descriptive statistical analysis. Prior to hypothesis testing, data distribution was assessed using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. Since findings indicated a non-normal distribution (p < 0.05), Spearman’s rho was applied to examine the association between variables at a significance level of 5%. Ethical clearance for the study was granted by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Results: Of all participants, 69.7% were women, while respondents aged 20 years represented 47.8% of the sample. The analysis showed the mean score of self-efficacy reached 28.79, and the average physical activity level was 1,812.93 MET-minutes/week. Correlation testing revealed self-efficacy was positively related to physical activity (r = 0.156; p = 0.002). Although significant, the strength of the correlation was categorized as weak. Conclusion: Self-efficacy is significantly linked to physical activity among college students. Students with stronger self-efficacy tend to demonstrate higher levels of physical activity.

G-CCEP: A Gamified Education Program to Improve HPV Vaccination Knowledge and Attitudes Puput Mita Kurnia Wati; Luluk Fajria Maulida; Siti Nurhidayati; Revi Gama Hatta Novika; Iffah Indri Kusmawati
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is an effective primary prevention strategy for reducing HPV infection and cervical cancer incidence. Nevertheless, HPV vaccination coverage among young adults, especially female university students, remains low. Inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward HPV vaccination are among the factors contributing to poor vaccine acceptance. Therefore, innovative educational approaches that match young adults’ characteristics are needed, including the Gamification of Cervical Cancer Education and Prevention (G-CCEP) program. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effect of G-CCEP education on knowledge and attitudes regarding HPV vaccination among female students of the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Methods: This study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. Participants were active undergraduate female students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The G-CCEP intervention was delivered through a web-based educational platform developed according to the Health Belief Model framework. Data on knowledge and attitudes were collected using validated and reliable questionnaires. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. Results: The G-CCEP educational intervention significantly improved participants’ knowledge regarding HPV vaccination, as demonstrated by higher post-intervention knowledge scores (Z = -12.719; p = 0.000; p < 0.05). However, the intervention did not produce a statistically significant effect on participants’ attitudes toward HPV vaccination. Most participants had never received HPV vaccination before the intervention, indicating the need for engaging educational programs that can improve awareness, encourage preventive behavior, and effectively support cervical cancer prevention efforts among university students. Conclusion: The gamification-based G-CCEP intervention effectively increased female students’ knowledge regarding HPV vaccination but was insufficient to influence attitudes significantly. These findings indicate that knowledge improvement alone may not directly change attitudes, emphasizing the importance of additional supportive strategies to strengthen positive attitudes and increase HPV vaccine acceptance among young adults.

The Phenomenology of Healthcare Service: Young Women’s Experiences of Accessing National Health Insurance Alya Safira; Putri Dwi Permata Indah; Fransiscus Xaverius Sri Sadewo
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: The National Health Insurance (Indonesia's universal healthcare program), as a social protection mechanism, faces challenges related to the regularity and quality of service provision, especially for vulnerable groups such as young women. Objective: This study aims to explore the subjective experiences of young women aged 17 to 25 years in using BPJS services in hospitals, emphasizing the interactive, emotional, and social factors that shape their perspectives. Methods: This research used a qualitative phenomenological methodology. Data were collected through snowball sampling techniques, followed by in-depth interviews with 18 young female participants aged 17 to 25 years old. The data were then processed using Miles and Huberman's analysis technique, which involved data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The writer also used triangulation techniques to validate the processed data. Results: Experiences of young women utilizing BPJS are marked by a duality between financial security and uncertainty about service supply. The biggest impediments include quality differences in health services, from confusion to self-reliance, social media pressure, and reproductive stigma. While BPJS is perceived as an economic lifeline, their experiences are complex, including uncertainties surrounding service supply, technological obstacles and questions of gender identity. Conclusion: This study shows that young women face a dilemma between financial security and uncertainty regarding service provision in their access to BPJS. The main barriers include variations in the quality of care across different healthcare institutions, the transition from confusion to competence in navigating the system, and the pressures arising from gender and reproductive stigma. The success of the National Health Insurance (JKN) is determined not only by the scope of services, but also by the experience of dignity and gender sensitivity in the delivery of those services.

Social Determinants of Health of Psychological Injury Incidents In Early Adolescents Indra Fajarwati Ibnu; Grestin Sandy; Ryza Jazid Baharuddin Nur
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Psychological injury among early adolescents has become a significant public health concern globally and in Indonesia. This study examines how social determinants of health influence psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City. Objective: To analyze the relationship between social determinants of health and psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City using a comprehensive multivariate approach. Methods: This quantitative research employed a cross-sectional design involving 384 early adolescents aged 10-14 years. Participants were selected through multi-stage random sampling from 12 schools across Makassar City, ensuring representation of diverse socioeconomic profiles. Data were collected using validated instruments, including the Psychological Injury Scale for Adolescents (PISA), Family Environment Scale (FES), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression was conducted to identify significant predictors while controlling for confounding variables. Results: The prevalence of psychological injury among early adolescents was 38.5% (n=148), with depressive symptoms being the most common (39.2%). Multivariate analysis identified five significant determinants. Adolescents from low family socioeconomic status had higher odds of injury (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.67-3.21). Poor family communication emerged as the strongest predictor (OR = 3.05, 95% CI: 2.18-4.26), followed by exposure to community violence (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.94-4.25), negative school environment (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.32-2.88), and limited social support (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.76-3.39). The model explained 48% of the variance. Conclusion: Social determinants significantly and collectively influence psychological injury among early adolescents in Makassar City. Intervention strategies must move beyond individual-level approaches and address these contextual factors through multi-level interventions involving families, schools, and communities to effectively promote adolescent mental health resilience.

Waek AI-Based Mental Health Promotion to Prevent Bullying Among Generation Z Miftakhul Ulfa
Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Education Vol. 14 No. SI2 (2026): Jurnal Promkes: The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Health Educat
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Generation Z, born between 1995 and 2010, has grown up in an era of rapid technological development in which digital media plays an important role in daily life. Although digital connectivity offers educational and social benefits, it also increases adolescents’ vulnerability to mental health problems and bullying, particularly in online environments. Bullying can negatively affect psychological well-being, self-esteem, academic achievement, and social relationships. Therefore, innovative mental health promotion strategies that are technology-based and attractive to adolescents are needed to improve bullying prevention awareness among Generation Z. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a Waek AI–based game application as a mental health nursing intervention for improving bullying prevention awareness among Generation Z. Methods: A quantitative quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups was used in this study. A total of 90 participants were recruited and divided equally into intervention and control groups. The intervention group used the Waek AI-based game application, while the control group received leaflet-based health education focusing on assertive behavior. Data were collected using the Indonesian version of the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ-R). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Results: Post-intervention results showed significantly higher bullying prevention awareness scores in the intervention group (M = 142.49, SD = 15.20) compared with the control group (M = 120.09, SD = 22.14). Conclusion: The Waek AI–based game application effectively improved bullying prevention awareness among Generation Z and represents a promising digital mental health promotion strategy for adolescents. Mental health nursing strategies should leverage digital innovation to reach and educate adolescents more effectively, making game-based applications a valuable tool in promoting psychological well-being.

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