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INDONESIA
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 25409573     EISSN : 25409581     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology (JTBB) is an authoritative source of information concerned with the advancement of tropical biology studies in the Southeast Asia Region. It publishes original scientific work related to a diverse range of fields in tropical biodiversity, functional biology, and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 20 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August" : 20 Documents clear
Restriction Mapping of MC4R Gene on Bali Cattle (Bos sondaicus) as Genetic Marker for Breeding Program in Compared to Bos taurus and Bos indicus Yoga Cipta Perdana; Tety Hartatik
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67636

Abstract

MC4R is a gene that has potential effects on growth traits such as body weight and feed intake. The usage of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) as selection markers could help achieve effectiveness in the breeding program. This study aimed to analyze the restriction mapping based on SNPs in the MC4R gene for Bali cattle (Bos sondaicus) compared to various breeds of cattle. Partial MC4R gene was amplified using a primer (F: 5’-ACC AAT GTC AGT GAG TCC CC- 3’ and R: 5’-CTT CAT GTT GGC GCC CTG-3’) with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated using Chi-Square test and analyzed with Hardy–Weinberg law. Restriction enzyme was analyzed using Nebcutter V.2 to see the association between SNPs and the recognition site of restriction enzyme. The result showed four SNPs g.554 T>C, g.634 G>T, g.673 C>T, and g.742 G>A were found in the exon region. SNP g.742 G>A was found as a heterozygote genotype and the rest are SNP g.554 T>C, g.634 G>T, and g.673 C>T were found as homozygote genotypes. All SNPs were synonymous which did not change the amino acid translated. Three restriction enzymes were identified as MmeI, TspRI, and BsrI which attach to SNPs g.554 T>C, g.634 G>T, and g. 742 G>A respectively.  SNPs found notably g. 742 G>A can be used as genetic markers associated with growth traits for further research on Bali cattle. 
How to link: Plasmid Curing and Lead Tolerance Ability of Pediococcus pentosaceus Fadhil Neamah Al-Kanany; Raghad Shubbar Jaafar
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68615

Abstract

Pediococcus pentosaceus has a high level of resistance to heavy metals, making it one of the biological alternatives for dealing with heavy metal contamination in the environment. The current study sought to identify the genetic factors responsible for this ability by curing the plasmid of these bacteria using various curing agents (Acridine orange and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate). The findings demonstrate that both curing agents had perfect curing ability. The bacteria were able to tolerate a wide range of Lead concentrations (50-2000 ppm). This capacity was reduced when the plasmid was removed, but it did not disappear, implying additional resistance genes on the chromosomes. The antibiotic susceptibility observations supported the significance of plasmid genes in lead resistance ability, the findings revealed differences in the pattern of antibiotic resistance between wild and cure plasmid bacteria, the wild one had different antibiotic MIC values for Nitrofurantoin and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (<=16 and <=10 µg/ml) respectively), on the other hand for the same antibiotics, the MIC results for plasmid-cured bacteria were 64 and 80 g/ml. Based on the findings, we can conclude that plasmid genes play a significant role in Pediococcus pentosaceus to resist lead, and there is a strong correlation between antibiotic resistance and lead resistance.
The Protective Effect of Gynura procumbens Adventitious Root against Lead Acetate Toxicity in Mice Sugiharto Sugiharto; Dwi Winarni; Ufairanisa Islamatasya; Abdul Hakim Muhsyi; Ahimsa Buena Merpati; Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69453

Abstract

Lead induced oxidative stress contributes to increase the productivity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to disrupt the antioxidant balance. Gynura procumbens adventitious root (GPAR) methanol extract contains abundant phenolic and flavonoids compounds as antioxidants and can be used as traditional medicinal plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of GPAR against lead acetate toxicity in mice to haematological parameter, histological of hepatic cells, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. The data obtained from five groups of treatment: P1 (control), P2 (Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P3 (GPAR-100 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P4 (GPAR-200 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L), P5 (GPAR-300 mg/L + Pb acetate-100 mg/L). The results indicated that administration of methanol extract of GPAR can prevent the decreasing of haematological parameter, maintain the percentage of normal hepatic cells, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) due to lead acetate treatment. The effective dose of GPAR extract was 300 mg/L. This study provides that methanol extract of G. procumbens adventitious root exerts protective effects against lead acetate toxicity in mice. 
Pharmacological Maneuver of Mangrove Endophytic Fungi in the South China Sea – A review Manjula Muthu Narayanan; Pooja Shivanand; Norhayati Ahmad
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69913

Abstract

Conventional products have a role in addressing the thriving universal demands for biologically active substances. Since the South China Sea is a prodigious province of geostrategic and mercantile importance, it meets the basic needs of people who dwell there. The South China Sea is dominant in mangrove biodiversity which, represents 11.4% of the world’s 15.5 million hectares of mangrove forest. Mangroves are harbored by multifaceted fungal communities that represent the second colossal ecological breed of marine fungi. The symbiotic association between the plants and fungi stimulates the bioactive components such as alkaloid, depsipeptides, cyclic peptides, quinone, terpenes, lactones, terpenoid, flavonoid, phenolic acid, steroids. These components have multifaceted pharmacological activities likely, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial. This review article attempts to present a piece of insightful information currently being explored on the biologically active components generated by mangrove endophytic fungi of the South China Sea.
New Record of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Association with Kebar Grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.) in the Grassland Area of Kebar, Tambrauw Regency, West Papua, Indonesia Suharno Suharno; Irma Rahayu; Rosye H. R. Tanjung; Supeni Sufaati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.70021

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an important form of symbiosis between fungi and plants in an ecosystem. One of the medicinal plants used by the people in West Papua is kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch.). This study aims to determine the AMF association in the rhizosphere of B. petersianum in grasslands. Survey method was used in this study. The presence of AMF was observed by examining root colonization and spore diversity. The results showed that the percentage of AMF colonization in roots was between 46.7–90.0% with an average of 71.66%. Meanwhile, the number of spores found in the plant rhizosphere averaged 119.8 spores per 10 grams of soil sample. There were 18 species of AMF dominated by the genus Glomus (7 species), Acaulospora (3 species), while the genus Claroideoglomus, Entrophospora, Gigaspora, and Scutellospora were dominated each with 2 species. This finding is the first record on the presence of AMF on B. petersianum in West Papua.
Growth and Physiological Attributes of Rice by the Inoculation of Osmotolerant Rhizobacteria (Enterobacter flavescens) under Drought Condition Hasna Dyah Kusumardani; Triwibowo Yuwono; Diah Rachmawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.67359

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) has mechanism for morphological, physiological, and biochemical self-defense in response to drought conditions. The ability of osmotolerant rhizobacteria to develop association with plants suggests that it could be used as an inoculum to support plant growth under drought stress. The purpose of this study is to determine the response of ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ to the inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria under drought conditions. The experiment had 3 treatment factors: 2 rice cultivars ('IR64' and 'Situ Bagendit'), 3 drought treatments (25%, 50% and 100% field capacity), and 2 types of rhizobacteria treatments (without inoculation and with inoculation using osmotolerant rhizobacteria (Enterobacter flavescens). Plant growth was measured in terms of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers and panicles, and percentage of filled grain. Physiological and biochemical parameters, namely chlorophyll, carotenoids, proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD) peroxidase (POX) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were measured. The inoculation of osmotolerant rhizobacteria enhanced ‘IR64’ and ‘Situ Bagendit’ growth (plant height, number of leaves, tillers and panicles) and increased the percentage of grains in ‘IR64’ cultivar. Proline content, SOD, and APX activities were all increased by osmotolerant rhizobacteria inoculation, however, carotenoid content was decreased. Plant growth, physiological and biochemical responses of both cultivar to drought were enhanced by inoculation with osmotolerant rhizobacteria. 
A Study on Diversity and Distribution of Figs (Ficus, Moraceae) in Bogor City, West Java, Indonesia Peniwidiyanti Peniwidiyanti; Ibnul Qayim; Tatik Chikmawati
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68516

Abstract

Ficus (Moraceae) is a keystone resource species in the tropical region, and it contributes significantly to Bogor City's vegetation composition. Ficus spp. provide habitat for urban animals and contribute to providing environmental services for the community. Minimum data distribution and increasing land-use change possibly decrease Ficus diversity in Bogor City. This study aimed to analyse the diversity and distribution of Ficus spp. in Bogor City. The research was conducted by dividing Bogor City into 128 plots sized 1 x 1 km. Relative abundance and distribution analysis used QGIS version 3.10.2-A Coruña. A total of 37 species of Ficus spp. from six subgenera were found in Bogor. The highest distribution is mainly located around the Bogor Botanic Gardens and the Ahmad Yani City Forest in a tree and hemiepiphyte. Ficus benjamina and Ficus septica were the most common species found and spread throughout Bogor City. The significant land-use change in Bogor City has resulted in Ficus spp. generally spread in the northern and central parts. In contrast, in the southern part, they are relatively low. Some Ficus can also be bioindicators because they have growing habitats that tend to be specific and spread in certain areas. The presence of the Bogor Botanic Gardens has an important role in increasing the diversity of Ficus spp. in Bogor City. 
Anatomical and Histological Characteristics of Gonad of Tropical Eel Anguilla bicolor McClelland, 1844 in Different Length Body Size Farida Nur Rachmawati; Ridwan Affandi; Yulia Sistina
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.68824

Abstract

The sex status of Anguilla bicolor McClelland is difficult to be distinguished between males and females. Thus, we evaluated 309 fishes from The Serayu River, with length and weight range around 9 - 81 cm and 0.59 - 1260 g respectively to access the anatomical and histological characteristics of their gonads for each sex. Parameters assessed were body sizes, eye diameter, fin length, and gonad weight. The results showed that body length, weight, eye index, and gonadosomatic index of the male were significantly smaller (p<0.01) than those of the females. Fins index was not significantly different (p>0.05) between males and females. The histological structure of gonad showed that the eel gonads can be classified as either indifferent gonads, testis, or ovary based on the length of body size. Collecting all the data together it can be concluded that A. bicolor is a gonochoric. 
Biostimulant Activity of Sargassum sp. Extracts on Early Growth of Zea mays L. and the Phytohormones Content Analysis Fauziatul Fitriyah; Muhammad Abdul Aziz; Sri Wahyuni; Hana Fadila; Insyiah Meida Luktyansyah; Sulastri Sulastri; Priyono Priyono; Siswanto Siswanto
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69178

Abstract

Seaweed has been gaining global interest in agriculture for the development of marine-based plant biostimulants. This research aimed to study the effect of three different liquid extracts of Sargassum sp., acidic, alkaline, and water extract, on the germination and early growth of maize and to evaluate the phytohormones content responsible for the growth. Phytohormones content including Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GA), kinetin and zeatin were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay was performed twice on maize. Parameters observed on the bioassay were germination percentage, number of roots, shoot length, shoot weight and root weight under 4 different concentrations with 0.5; 1.5; 3.5; and 5% in the first bioassay and 3.5% concentration in the second bioassay. Both bioassays following randomized complete design and the data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA using post hoc test of Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at error probability of 5% in Genestat software. Phytohormones content in the seaweed extract indicated that alkaline extract was rich in IAA, gibberellin, and zeatin content, while water extract showed the highest kinetin content. The first bioassay indicated that lower concentration of the seaweed extracts gave better growth in all extracts, therefore a 3.5% concentration was chosen for the second bioassay with higher replication for each treatment. The second bioassay confirmed alkaline extract resulted in the highest germination while the highest seedling height, number of roots, shoot and root weight were resulted from acidic extract treatment. In conclusion, Sargassum sp. extracts obtained from acidic, alkaline, and water-based extraction methods, were able to improve the shoot and root growth of maize plants. The acidic extract showed the highest growth promotion among other extracts with the lowest phytohormones content. 
Utilization of Coffee Pulp Waste Composted with Cellulolytic Actinomycetes to Enhance Chili Plant Growth Umi Fatmawati; Dewi Puspita Sari; Meti Indrowati; Slamet Santosa; Sri Martina Wiraswati; Harlita Harlita
Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology Vol 7, No 2 (2022): August
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jtbb.69274

Abstract

The abundant volume of coffee bean pulp as a  by-product of the post-harvest processing is an important source of soil organic matter if it is properly handled. The alternative way to use coffee bean pulp waste to reduce the impact of environmental pollution is composting. This study aims to determine the ability of actinomycetes to degrade coffee pulp, to identify the physical and chemical characteristics of coffee pulp compost, and to evaluate the effect of coffee pulp compost on chili plant growth. The results showed that 7 isolates of actinomycetes were able to hydrolyze coffee pulp in vitro with a hydrolytic index of 1.7-3.81. The treatment of coffee pulp compost with the addition of a starter of cellulolytic actinomycetes (P2) at the end of the three-week incubation period showed the highest organic N (25 mg/kg), P (7.05 mg/kg), and K (33 mg/kg), t compared to other treatments. The effect of giving coffee pulp compost towards the growth of chili plants shows that  the coffee pulp composted with zeolite 5% (w/w) increased the height of the chili plants by 37.6%, while in coffee pulp composted by cellulolytic actinomycetes 5% (v/w) increased the number of leaves by 96% and plant biomass by 25%.  Based on the results of this research, coffee pulp compost has the potential to be used as biological fertilizer to increase plant growth, both composted by zeolite and cellulolytic actinomycetes

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