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BERITA BIOLOGI

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 1 (2013)" : 28 Documents clear

UPAYA MEMPEROLEH BIBIT SUWEG {Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson} MELALUI STEK UMBI DAN STEK RACHIS YANG DIMANIPULASI DENGAN ZAT PENGATUR TUMBUH [Propagation of Suweg {Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson} Using Tuber and Rachis C Cahyaningsih, Ria; M Siregar, Hartutiningsih
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Elephant yam {Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson} can be developed as food for diversification in Indonesia. The main obstacle is in propagation, due to long period dormancy of tuber and slow life cycle. Study on propagation of elephant yam was conducted in of Bogor Botanical Garden nursery. The aims of this study are to propagate elephant yam using tuber and rachis cutting manipulated with Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) respectively to break dormancy and to obtain an effective and efficient propagation method. PGR used in tuber cutting (small adjacent tuber and sliced-bulb) is GA3 10 ppm, GA3 20 ppm, IBA 10 ppm, IBA 20 ppm, BAP 10 ppm, BAP 20 ppm and control with or without burned husk, meanwhile PGR used in rachis cutting (R1, R2 and R3) is BAP 1 ppm, NAA 1ppm, and Rootone-F 1600 ppm. Propagation with tuber showed that IBA, GA3, control, and BAP gave similar result in developing bud numbers. Propagation with small adjacent tuber gave better result in sprouting number. Propagation with small adjacent tuber and manipulated with GA3 resulted highest sprouting number. Rootone-F 1600 ppm caused death, meanwhile BAP, NAA, and their combination (BAP-NAA) had no influence on rachis cutting growth. Lower doses Rootone-F, BAP, NAA, and BAP-NAA higher doses, rachis cuttings from juveniles are recommended.

KERAGAMAN SUARA KODOK PURU BESAR {Phrynoidis aspera (Gravenhorst, 1829)} ASAL JAWA BARAT Kurniati, Hellen
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Giant River Toad {Phrynoidis aspera (Gravenhorst, 1829)} is a largest generalist toad that is able to adapt to a variety of habitats and elevations. The complete calls of Giant River Toad had not been published before. To know all of sound characters of the toad, a total of five individuals males P. aspera vocalization were recorded on 30 October 2010 (1 individual; air temperature: 23.1°C; water temperature: 18.1°C) by using an Audio Technica AT875R microphone, the sound was recorded on a Fostex FR 2LE in WAV format; and on 22-24 September 2011 (4 individuals; air temperature 21.0°C-23.4°C; water temperature 21.6°C-22.0°C) in Curug Nangka, Mount Salak foot hill,West Java by using PCM-M10 Sony Recorder. The toad has four types of call: (1) Call type 1, consists of impulses without harmonic and average band width is 317.44 Hertz and average of amplitude is 40.43; (2) Call type 2, consists of pure tone with many sub-harmonics, average range frequency is 1420.28 Hertz and average of amplitude is 42.67; (3) Call type 3, consists of impulses and pure tone with two weak harmonics and average band width is 373.81 Hertz and average of amplitude is 48.19; (4) Call type 4, consists of impulses without harmonic and average band width is 792.62 Hertz and average of amplitude is 51.01. Based on the number of calls that were recorded of five individuals from the Mount Salak foot hill, call type 4 is its major call (common advertisement call), but the three others call types are minor calls.

KERAGAAN PEMIJAHAN ANTAR TIGA STOK UDANG HUNA MERAH (Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens) Arifin, Otong Zenal; Kurniasih, Titin
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

This research aimed to obtain information on the variability of crossbred resulted from three stocks of red claw (Cherax quadricarinatus von Martens). This research was performed at Research and Develepment Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture.Nine population consists of tree true breed and six reciprocal breed were resulted from the crossbreeding between the three stocks from Jakarta, Bali and Sukabumi.Results showed that the crossbred between Bali female parent and Jakarta male parent had the highest number of larvae / kg weight of female parent compared to the other crossbred. Between the female parent category, the Bali female parent showed the highest number of the larvae yielded, and between the male parent category, the Sukabumi male parent did. There was no significant different between the crossbred on the respon of growth performance. The highest heterosis on the number of larvae was achieved by the crossbred between Bali and Jakarta (25.8%) while the crossbred between Bali and Sukabumi performed the negative heterosis (-17.6%).Based on the calculation of the number larvae per kilogram weight of the parent, the highest heterosis was achieved by the crossbred Bali-Sukabumi (98.4%).The heterosis on the final weight and length showed the poor result, while on the respon of the specific growth rate showed negative result.It can be concluded that this undertaken hybridization did not provided the significant positive heterosis effect except for the number of larva per unit weight of parent.

CEMARAN BAKTERI PATOGENIK PADA SUSU SAPI SEGAR DAN RESISTENSINYA TERHADAP ANTIBIOTIKA Kusumaningsih, Anni; Ariyanti, Tati
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Fresh milk is a beverage with high protein contents that can be consumed either directly or as ingredient supplement into safely and healthy food. However, the milk also as a good media for development of pathogenic bacteria that also dangerous for human health. The aim of this research was to determine pathogenic bacteria contamination in fresh milk and its antibiotic resistance profiles to several antibiotics. Fresh milk samples were taken from milk cans belong to the farmers at 34 dairy cows centre in Cibungbulang, Bogor, West Java. The quantitative determination was conducted on 34 milk samples. Several parameters examined were based on the Indonesian Nasional Standard (Standar Nasional Indonesia/SNI) No. 01-3141-1998 for Fresh Dairy Milk and SNI No. 7833-2009, such as total bacteria and coliform. The qualitative examination result for isolation and identification of bacteria were found that the milk samples consisted of 41.18% E. coli, 23.53% Streptococcus Gorup B, 8.82% Staphylococcus aureus, and none for Salmonella. The antibiotic resistence profiles were tested to 5 antibiotics. It showed that Escherichia coli isolates were resitance to penicilline (14.3%), oxytetracycline (21.4%), chloramphenicole (57.1%), and streptomycin (28.6%), whereas those Streptococcus Group B isolates were resistance to penicilline (12.5%), Oxytetracycline (37.5%), chloramphenicole (25.0%), streptomucin (87.5%), and ciprofloxacin (87.5%). Multiresistance of E. coli were found against 2 antibiotics, whereas Streptococcus against 2-3 antibiotics. This research indicated that fresh milk samples taken from farmers at Cibungbungang, Bogor were contaminated with several pathogenic bacteria and mostly highly resistance to 5 antibiotics testing.

PERBAIKAN PADI (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETAS CIHERANG UNTUK SIFAT UMUR GENJAH DAN PRODUKSI TINGGI MENGGUNAKAN MARKA MOLEKULER Prasetiyono, Joko; Tasliah, Tasliah; Dadang, Ahmad; Fatimah, Fatimah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The improvement of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Ciherang variety for early maturity and high production traits was carried out by Marker Assisted Backcrossing (MAB) method using Nipponbare as donor parent. The foreground selection of Hd2 gene was laid on flanking markers of RM1362 and RM7601 in QTL region. The selection process of F1 to BC2F2 plants were based on molecular markers and agronomic characters. The BC2F3 plants were challenged to bacterial leaf blight to know their resistance in this hybridization. The results indicated that the foreground and background selection were not sufficient as selection tools therefore they would be more accurate if assosiated with agronomic characters. Four selected lines derived from Ciherang x Nipponbare crossed (BC2F3 plant # 283, 307, 373, and 462) could be promising lines with early maturity and high productioncompared to Ciherang. Selected BC2F3 lines flowered earlier than original Ciherang up to 7-10 days, while the yield increasing was 3.55 to 9.2% higher based on weight of filled grains/plant, and from 3.58 to 19.39% higher based on the number of filled grain/plant. However, all of BC2F3 lines were not resistant to bacterial leaf blight attack.

RESPON GENJER {LIMNOCHARIS FLAVA (L.) BUCHENAU.} TERHADAP PEMUPUKAN DAN POTENSI GIZINYA UNTUK DIVERSIFIKASI KONSUMSI SAYURAN Juhaeti, Titi
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.523

The research was carried out to study the effect of fertilizer on the growth (plant height, number of leaf, length and width of leaf, fresh weight) and flower production of velvet leaf ? genjer {Limnocharis flava (L.) Buchenau} and to analyze nutrient potential i.e. proximate and amino acids in leaves and flowers (including stalk). Seedlings of velvet leaf with 6 leaves were planted and fertilizer treatments were applied in one week after planting. Planting media were mixture of soil:manure:compost (2:1:1). The fertilizer treatments included control, NPK2, NPK4, MU2, MU4, POH2 and POH4. The plants were cultivated until 5 Weeks After Fertilizing (WAF). The results showed that velvet leaf can be successfully cultivated in plastic pot on planting media added with fertilizer. The highest plant growth and flower production were in the MU4 treatment (NPK Mutiara 27-5-5, 4g/plastic pot). Application of starTmik Biofertilizer 4cc/50cc water/plastic pot showed as good performance as the MU4 treatment, however, the dosage and application frequency need to be increased. The proximate analysis on leaves and flowers showed considerably high percentage of crude fibre (1.56% and 1.42%), protein (2.04% and 1.98%) and carbohydrate (3.16% dan 2.98%). Amino acid analysis revealed 9 numbers essensial amino acids and 8 number non essensial amino acids.

SELEKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKROBA LIGNOSELULOLITIK YANG DIISOLASI DARI LIMBAH SERBUK GERGAJI SEBAGAI MEDIA TANAM JAMUR TIRAM (PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS) Setiarto, R Haryo Bimo; Saskiawan, Iwan
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.514

Spent Mushroom Substrate (SMS) is a composted growing medium that results from the mushroom growing process. The utilization of SMS for biofertilizer or soil conditioner would be an important point in green agriculture. The study revealed the lignocellulolytic activity from 20 isolates of Fungi and 13 isolates of Bacteria which were isolated from sawdust as a spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus. The selected microorganism then would be used as inocullant for the production of biofertilizer using SMS as a main material. The lignocellulolytic system consist of laccase, cellulase and xylanase activity was analyzed. The results shown that among 20 isolates of Fungi, the highest activity of laccase, cellulase, and xylanase was obtained from the isolates 2F1, 2F4 and 2F5. There was (6.153 U, 4.662 U, 3.791U) for laccase, (6.740, 3.711 U, 3.605 U) for cellulase and (6.870 U, 4.673 U, 3.773 U) for xylanase respectively for 2F1, 2F4 and 2F5. Furhtermore, the characterization of the highest lignocellulytic fungi was also conducted. The isolate 2F1 opimally grow in pH 5 at 40oC, isolate 2F4 in pH 9 at 30oC and isolate 2F5 in pH 5 at 30oC. The identification of isolated fungi are in the progress.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN EKSTRAK AIR KELOPAK BUNGA ROSELLA (HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE Komala, Oom; Rosyanti, Reni; Muztabadihardja, Muztabadihardja
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.519

The in vitro study of antibacterial effectiveness of Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) sheath ethanol extract and water extract on Streptococcus pneumoniae was conducted by diffusion and dilution method. Basic solution amounting to 70g/100 ml of the extract was diluted into 10%, 30%, 50% and 70% for diffusion test with positive control ampicillin 10 IU, and 0,1%, 0,25%, 0,5%, 1%, and 2% ethanol extract for dilution test on S. pneumoniae. The results showed that the ethanol extract and water extract could delay of bacterium growth. Agar diffusion test (disk diffusion) was observed by diameter of bar region around the disk. At concentration 70 % among extract ethanol and water extract made bar zone wide the best, the diameter mean was estimated 25.6 mm for ethanol extract, and 24.3 mm for water extract on S. pneumoniae. In dilution test, the result showed Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the extract was 1% on S. pneumoniae. The result of phytochemicals test is known that ethanol extract and water extract of rosella contains of saponin, tanin, and flavonoid.

HASIL DAN STABILITAS HASIL BIJI KEDELAI {GLYCINE MAX (L.) MERR.} GALUR HARAPAN DI LAHAN SAWAH Krisnawati, Ayda; Adie, M Muchlish; Susanto, GWA
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.524

Soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.} varieties with consistently high yield productivity across environments are expected to maintain its production level per area.The objectives of this experiment are to determine the magnitude of G × E interaction and to identify the stability of eight soybean promising lines across locations. Materials consists of eight soybean promising lines (G100H/SHRW-60-38, SHRW-60/G100H-73, SHRW-60/G100H-68, SHRW-60/G100H-66, G100H/SHRW-34, SHRW-60/G100H-5, SHRW-60/G100H-70 and SHRW-60/G 100 H-75) and two check varieties (Kaba and Wilis). The experiments were done in 16 locations (Lampung Tengah, Yogyakarta, Ngawi, Mojokerto, Pasuruan, Malang, Banyuwangi and Lombok Barat, two locations each) during the period of 2009 to 2011. A randomized completely block design with four replicates was used in each location. AMMI analysis (Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction) was applied to assess the yield stability of those 10 genotypes, and then interpreted in biplot graphic of seed yield for principal components 1 (IPCA1) with the principal component 2 (IPCA2). Seed yield of the 10 soybean lines ranged from 2.63-3.02 t/ha, with 2.81 t/ha in average. The highest yield was obtained by G6 (SHRW-60/G100H-5), whereas G3 (SHRW-60/G100H-68) had the lowest seed yield.The combined analysis showed that lines, locations, and the interaction of lines and locations (G × L) were significantly different for seed yield.The first four Interaction Principal Component Axes (IPCA1, IPCA2, IPCA3 and IPCA4) were significant and accounted for 85.1% of the total GEI. Lines of G100H/SHRW-60-38 (G1), SHRW-60/G100H-66 (G4) and SHRW-60/G100H-5 (G6) were stable and high yielding, and therefore they are proposed to be released as new varieties. The results of this study also suggested that Kaba and Willis were used as specific-check varieties, due to its site-specific adaptability.

KUALITAS UMBI BEBERAPA KLON KENTANG (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) DATARAN MEDIUM UNTUK KERIPIK Asgar, Ali
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 12, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v12i1.515

Quality testing of several potato clones (Solanum tuberosum L.) planted at mid level area for potato chips. Objective of the research is to test the quality of clones/cultivars resulted from selection. Quality test of 8 selective clones was conducted from November 2010 to February 2011 in post-harvest laboratory of Research Institute for Vegetables Lembang. Research was arranged in randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments consisted of 1) klon 395195.7, 2) klon 397073.7, 3) Granola (control), 4) Merbabu-17(control), 5) 394614.117, 6) CIP 3970.77.16, 7) CIP 391846.5, and 8) CIP 394613.32. The result of research showed that differences in potato clones (as raw material) have different characteristic on specific gravity, dry matter, reducing sugar content, moisture content, starch content. There were also differences in oil content, color, flavor, crispyness and appearance of chips produced. The best clones for potato chips were Merbabu-17 (specific gravity 1.08 g/ml, dry matter 11.18%, reduction sugar 0.60%, moisture content 88.82%, starch content 4.52% and fat content of chips 38.66%), and CIP394613.32 (specific gravity 0.99, dry ingredient 12.17%, reduced sugar 0.09%, moisture content 87.83%, starch content 3.50%, fat content of chips 28.25%), and Granola (specific gravity 1.02, dry matter 17.70%, reduction sugar 0.12%, moisture content 82.30%, starch content 6.67%, fat content of chips 38.21%).

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