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BERITA BIOLOGI

berita_biologi
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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

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Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology

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Articles 38 Documents

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Search results for , issue "Vol 6, No 3 (2002)" : 38 Documents clear

PENGARUH UREA DAN AZOLLA SEBAGAI TANAMAN PENUTUP PADA BUDIDAYA PADI SAWAH TANAH BERKAPUR DI SEKITAR KUPANG, TIMOR, NTT Tamad, Tamad
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

The ammonia volatilization from lime soil is a very important factor of N-urea losses. Ammonia volatilization from lime soil is very high due to high buffering capacity and basalt pH of the soil. However, urea is commonly used by farmeru as N-source fertilizer on paddy field. One alternitive is Azolla as cover crop can be used to reduce ammonia volatilization from urea. Azolla as cover crop significantly reduced the pH of flodded water, increased tillers and yield up to 66%. Highest tillers production and yield occurred in the treatment of 250 kgs/ha urea, with yield 5.73 tons/ha of paddy seeds.

STATUS POPULASI DAN KONDISI HABITAT SURILI {Presbytis comatd) DI CAGAR ALAM SITU PATENGAN, JAWA BARAT Nurjaman, Nurjaman; Bismark, M; Iskandar, Sofian
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i3.1217

Population and habitat survey was conducted in June-July 2000, at Situ Patengan Nature reserve, which aimed to record the current population data and habitat conditions. We recorded seven groups of grizzled leaf monkey/surili occurred at nature reserve, with number of 3 individual were vary between 4-8 individual each group and population density of 17/km . Sex ratio of individuals were 1:1.86, with percentage of age structures consisted of 17.95% adult male, 33.33% adult female, 25.64% juvenile, 20.51% offspring and 2.56% infant. Vegetation analysis recorded 56 species of plants found in the reserve. Some of the species were dominance, i.e. pasang (Quercus sp.), kihiur {Castanopsis javanica) and puspa {Schima walichii). Since population survey were conducted by Ruhiyat (1983) with population 2 3 density of 35 individuals/kmÃ and Adriana (1995) with population density of 3.5 individuals/km , the population density of the monkeys shown trend of decreasing. The reserve, located adjacent with some plantation areas and production forest area of Perum Perhutani, isolated the forest. This condition predicted as a potential threat to the habitat and population of the monkeys. The monkeys population will be a doomed population in the future.

PENGARUH INOKULASI SEJUMLAH ISOLAT AZOSPIRILLUM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN SERAPAN PUPUK N PADA TANAMAN JAGUNG Gandanegara, S; Slamet, S; Idawati, Idawati; Lina, M
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Two greenhouse experiments had been conducted to study the effect of inoculation of some Azospirillum isolates on maize growth in sand culture and sterilized soil. In the first experiment some growth parameters were used, i.e., root length and root surface area, dry weight of root, shoot, and shoot length. Inoculation enhanced plant growth, as shown by increased of all plant growth parameters. Root length and root surface area were sensitive parameter and could be used for evaluating the effect of inoculation. The best plant perfomance achieved by inoculation with Azospirillum isolates Btl No. 8 and No. 11 and with the increase of plant biomass 24 and 53% over control, respectively. In the second experiment, six selected Azospirillum isolates were evaluated on growth, N uptake, and N contribution15 in maize plants. N isotope dilution method was used to measure the N contribution from fertilizer. Uninoculated control plants showed low dry weight and contribution from N fertilizer, 3.09 gram and 10.84%. Inoculation increased mineral nutrition expressed in higher N plant yield and N contribution from fertilizer. N plant yield ranging from 147 to 189 mg N as compared to 134 mg N in control plants. The high contribution of N fertilizer (13.21-14.35 %) achieved by inoculation with Azospirillum isolates No. 6, 7, 8, and RDCB Az 1

KARAKTERISASI DAN OPTIMASI MEDIA PRODUKSIAMILASE , DARI Aspergilus niger DAN Aspergilus clavatus Naiola, Elidar
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i3.1213

Six fungi isolates belong to Aspergillus spp were isolated from various samples and their ability to produce amylase has been tested. It was founded that all isolate shown the amylolytic activities which shown the clear zone areas after pouring with iodium solution. Two isolates which name Aspergillus niger (ISO 482) dan A. clavatus (ISO 468) to be the most active compare to another. The amylase activity of two isolate was studied in media contain rice and rice brain as a carbohydrate sources. Based on lower cost and easy to reach rice brain (local waste agriculture product) were choose as the alternative media to produce enzyme amylase from Aspergillus niger (ISO 482). The activities 2 of enzyme obtain was 54,14 x 10 Â U/ml (one unit activity is define as micromoles of glucose produce per ml per minute). The optimiation was done at room temperature for 7 days. The result showed the activity of enzyme increase during the fermentation process, at the first 2 2 day activity was 18,77 x 10 U/ml and reached the maximum activity (91,64 x 10 U/ml) after 3 days. The optimum temperature for enzyme reaction was 40 - 50 Â°C, optimum pH was (pH 5.0 - 7.0) and enzyme was relatively stable under such conditions.

PENGARUH BOBOT UMBI SEBAGAI BIBIT DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN KELADI TIKUS {Thyponium flageliforme (Lodd.) Bl.} Juhaeti, Titi
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Keladi tikus Thyponium flageliforme (Lodd.) Bl. is considered as a wild plant species, because it is not fully cultivated yet. However,now adays it is quite widely used even in its wild status, because it is reported to be traditionally used as cancer cure. Due to its potential uses by the people, there is a need to be developed by cultivation in order to fulfill the demand for raw materials, both for medication and planting materials in research activities. This research was conducted to study the behaviour of keladi tikus when bring to cultivation status. The research is divided into two parts i.e: a) the effect of bulb weight as planting material and 2) the effect of shading on the growth. The result sshowed that bulb weight is not significantly affected the growth. On the 10month after planting the parameter measured is not significantly different. Meanwhile, shading is significantly affected the plant growth. The best growth is achieved on 0% shading, but the growth on 50% shading is still good. The growth on 75% shading has significant decreased.

KOMPONEN KIMIA DAN UJIANTIBAKTERIMINYAK ATSIRIDAUN KI CENGKEH (Urophyllum arboreum (Reinw. ex. Bl.) Korth.) Praptiwi, Praptiwi; Jamal, Yuliasri; Murningsih, Tri
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

This study was done to determine the chemical compounds and antibacterial activity of ki cengkeh (Urophyllum arboreum (Reinw.ex. Bl.) Korth.) essential oil. Ki cengkeh has already known as medicinal plant in some places in Indonesia. This might be correlated with its chemical compounds. The analysis of chemical compounds of ki cengkeh essential oil was done by GC-MS, while antibacterial test was done by paper disc method against 3 bacteria isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Eschericia coli). The result of GC-MS analysis showed that there were 25 compounds with the concentration more than 1% and carryophylen oxide as the highest compound (12.03%). The highest antibacterial activity was found against S. epidermidis.

PERBANDINGAN KOMPONEN KIMIA PENYUSUN MINYAK ATSIRI SIRIH LIAR {Piper ornatum) YANG BERASAL DARI SULAWESI SELATAN DAN PULAU SERAM DENGAN SIRIH BIAS A (Piper betle) Sulianti, Sri Budi; Chairul, Chairul
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14203/beritabiologi.v6i3.1223

Comparison study on the chemical components of P. ornatum (Piperaceae) volatile oil, collected from Enrekang (South Celebes)and Sepa Village (Ceram Island, Moluccas) had been carried out by water distillation and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Those plants had exotic performance. The sample from South Celebes had original red color leaves and strong aromatic smell, but one from Ceram Island has green color leaves and weak aromatic smell. The results showed that volatile oil content of P. ornatum from Enrekang has higher than Sepa Village (0.94% and 0.81%), while the volatile oil of common piper (P.betle) was around 0.9-1.2%. GC-MS analysis determined that volatile oil of P. ornatum had 22 chemical components. Both volatile oil indicated similar peak fragmentation, in different intensities. The major component of P. betle and P. ornatum was caryophyllene i.e. 30.01% in the red leaf, 29.41% in the green leaf and 31.05% in P. betle. Some of minor components of P.ornatum were different, from P. betle.

SELEKSI DAN KAPASITASI SPERMATOZOA DENGAN METODE PERCOLL GRADIENT VKYUK FERTILISASI OOSIT DAN PRODUKSIEMBRIO IN VITRO PADA SAPI Triwulanningsih, Endang; Toelihere, MR; Yusuf, TL; Purwantara, B; Diwyanto, K; Rutledge, JJ
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

This research has been conducted at the laboratory of in vitro fertilization of the University ofWisconsin, USA. These embryos may be used for improving genetic value of Indonesian cattle. Ovaries were collected from slaughterhouse in Wisconsin. Oocytes were matured in TCM-199 medium enriched with FSH 10 ilm, estradiol 17 P lul/ml and 10 % FCS for 20 hours. The oocytes were fertilized in vitro with motile sperm selected and capacitated by using the percoll gradient with 2 ml vs 0.5 ml per layer as treatment A and B respectively. Sperm and oocytes were incubated in fertilization medium (mTALP) for 20 hours. All zygotes were cultured in CRlaa medium up to btastocyst stage and were fed with serum 5 iV 50 )j.l in culture medium on day 6. Percentages of cleavage, morula, blastocyst, expanded blastocyst, unfertilized and degenerated ova in this study were 86.3 vs 91.6 %, 53.3 % vs 75.9 %; 32.6 % vs 63.4 %; 21.1 % vs 33.0 %; 13.7 % vs 8.4 %, 32.9% vs 15.6 % for treatment A (n=1007) vs B (n=1055), respectively. Based on result of this study, it is concluded that the best method for IVP (in vitro production) of cattle embryos is using percoll gradient with 500 ul per layer.

ISOLASI, SELEKSI DAN OPTTMASI PRODUKSI PROTEASE DARIBEBERAPAISOLAT BAKTERI Naiola, Elidar; Widhyastuti, Nunuk
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Thirty-seven out of sixty-one bacterial isolates from various sources of samples were screened for protease production. The isolate of ISO PL3 could produce the highest enzyme activity, and it was used as a standard bacterial strain in this observation. For any reason,we implemented ISO PL2 to study the optimum condition for producing bacterial protease. Result shows that the maximum protease activity was obtained in a medium containing 100 gram of rice brand in a liter tofu liquid waste. The optimum for incubation was 4- 6 days (agitation of 130 rpm at room temperature) and pH 5.0 - 6.0. After cultivating on this liquid medium, the maximum protease activity of the 2 ISO PL3 was 113,52 x 10 U/ml. From the studies on morphological and physiological characterization, it was indicated that ISO PL3 resemble with the species Bacillus macerans.

EKSPLORASI INFORMASI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS, POTENSI DAN PEMANFAATAN TUMBUHAN BAHAN PESTISIDA ALAMI DIPROPINSIJAWA BARAT DAN BANTEN Ramlan, Aseng; Noer, Iin Supartinah
BERITA BIOLOGI Vol 6, No 3 (2002)
Publisher : Research Center for Biology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences

Pests, diseases and weeds are considered as organisms that limiting the agricultural productivity. Losses of agricultural productivity originated from the attack of these organisms may be up to 40% to 60%; sometimes in several cases failure of harvests occurred. So far, chemical (synthetic) pesticides are used to control the attack of these organisms. Meanwhile, the use of synthetic pesticides in fact, creates many negative effects on both biotic and abiotic environments, such as pollution against terrestrial and aquatic environments, even killing the vertebrates and husbandry animals, predatory insects, and some economic insects (insect species that benefit to the life of man). Due to the losses created by utilization of synthetic pesticides, therefore a number of scientists and farmers initiated to turn their attention to use the natural pesticides (directly originated from plants) under the light of back to nature principle, although this step is seems to be less effective.Some natural pesticides practiced by West Javan farmers are likely almost disappeared and difficult to be found in the field. It is important to mention some species here such as cujete/kalabas (Cresentia cujete), bratawali (linospora tuberculata), bitter yam/gadung (Dioscorea hispida), sambiloto {Andrographis paniculata), sarikaya {Annona squamosa) and so many more. Some weed species are known used by farmers as natural pesticide like saliara {Lantana camara), ki pahit (Tithonia diversifolia), alang-alang (Imperata cylindrical) and badotan {Ageratum conyzoides). This research is aimed to inventory plant species used by farmers as natural pesticides as to reduce the reliance on synthetic pesticides. Methods of approach to the problem are by library studies (journals, proceedings of seminars, notes etc), field survey and interview to farmers of several districts (Kabupatens) in West Java and Banten Provinces i.e. Sumedang, Majalengka, Sukabumi, Garut, Pandegelang and Serang. Result shows that there are still 130 plant species used as natural pesticides, and 42 natural (plant based raw materials) pesticide formulations used by farmers.

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