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Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik

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Published by Universitas Airlangga

ISSN : 20867050 EISSN : 25286013 DOI : 10.20473/mkp.V34I22021.119-132

Core Subject : Humanities, Art,

Arts Humanities

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 404 Documents

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Flypaper effects of Central Transfers on the spending behaviour of Ghana’s central region local governments: Does status matter? Christopher Dick-Sagoe; Ernest Ngeh Tingum; Peter Asare-Nuamah
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 3 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Fiscal system incentivises local government officials to depend on central government’s transfers to fund their budgets. This paper examines whether district and municipal status local government officials exhibit the same spending behaviour when presented with central government’s transfers. The paper uses the panel data model to estimate the flypaper effect on district and municipal status local governments in the Central Region of Ghana from 2008 to 2015. The result shows differences in spending behaviour between district and municipal status local governments, where the flypaper effect is more pronounced on municipal status local governments (52.6%) than district status local governments (44.8%). Though municipal local governments are financially better in raising own-source revenues compared to the district local governments, the design of the fiscal system tends to make municipal local governments more reliant on central transfers than on expenditure of own-source revenues. This reduces interest in raising own-source revenue and its expenditure, a situation which has an adverse long-term impact on decentralisation in terms of citizen empowerment and participation. The study recommends an optimal level of central transfers which will serve the purpose of correcting vertical and horizontal imbalances, as in theory, and at the same time promote the ideals of decentralisation (citizen empowerment and participation).

The material conception of religion among inmates in the Ankaful maximum security prison, Ghana Elijah Tukwariba Yin
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 3 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

In the field of penology, very few studies have paid attention to the role of religion in prison. The sparse scholarly studies are largely focused on the advanced countries, and rarely on prisons in Africa. In addition, the findings on the impact of religion on inmates have yielded mixed results. This study examined the role of religion as a facet of inmates’ social relationships. It is argued that the decision of inmates to participate in religious activities is not necessarily for redemption but for materialism. The study settled on a mixed method approach to data collection. The data revealed that inmates who participated in religious activities did so purposely for the material benefits associated with the practice of religion. Religion provided inmates the context for contemplating their lives and mortality. The study concludes that religious beliefs and practices; regardless of how it comes to be experienced within the confines of the prison, are powerful forces that influence the conduct of prisoners, prison officials and civil society organisations.

Exploring the leadership behaviors of millennial community leaders during the pandemic: The Case of the Science City of Muñoz in the Philippines Olive Chester M. Cuya-Antonio; Arneil G. Gabriel; Corinthian M. Obispo; Feliciana P. Jacoba; Sanjay P. Claudio
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 3 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Millennials are those born between the late 1980s and late 1990s. They are individuals who are comfortable in the use of technology giving them competitive advantage in the global workforce. Surprisingly, despite their significant number in the workforce, there is a dearth of study on millennial leadership styles. This study examines the millennial community leaders in the Philippines during the COVID-19 pandemic. It employed exploratory descriptive-qualitative research method. Sixteen millennial community leaders in the Science City of Muñoz in the Philippines and twelve citizens and subordinates participated in the study. The basis of analysis is the Responsible Leadership for Performance framework. The findings showed that responsibility and accountability to their tasks and functions are common traits of millennial community leaders during pandemic. They are perceived to possess attributes such as: people-centered, honest, reliable, just, approachable, responsible, affirmative, pure-hearted, and hardworking during pandemic. The study confirmed that millennials’ technological inclination, their ideals and aspirations are shaped by their socio-historical background. Though lacking of experience and resources, they compensate it with strong mind and heart to lead the community in its response to pandemic emergencies.

Determinants influencing performance of employees in public organizations: The case of Ho Chi Minh City Ngo Hoai Son; Pham Thao Vy
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Ho Chi Minh City is a socioeconomic center in Vietnam with more than 122,111 public employees estimated in 2020. With the purpose of increasing performance of public servants, the research concentrates on public employees' perception of factors affecting their performance in the public sector in this city. From April 1st to April 30th, 331 survey forms were delivered to the low and middle public employees by two ways including 251 online and 80 offline surveys. Only 256 questionnaires were considered appropriate for analysis. The research used a quantitative approach and utilized descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, EFA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression via SPSS version 20. This study show that there is a statistically significant (0.05) relationship between the factors of recruitment and selection process, leadership, organizational culture, and reward management have a statistically significant impact on employee performance while there was no evidence to depict any association between working environment, training and development, and employee performance (p > 0.05). This study concludes that more attention and readjustment to reward management factors, organizational culture, recruitment and selection processes, and leadership are able to improve employee performance in public organizations.

The impact of outdoor play on children’s well-being: A scoping review Khairul Firdaus Ne'matullah; Nabilah Abd Talib; Rita Wong Mee Mee; Lim Seong Pek; Saturia Amiruddin; Md Rosli Ismail
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 3 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Outdoor play is a broad term that refers to a wide range of activities in a natural setting. However, modern technological advancements and gadgets such as television, computer and online games have resulted in children spending an increasing amount of time each day engaged in sedentary indoor activities rather than spending time outdoors. Many children’s social and physical health has deteriorated because of the reduction in outdoor access, which has been increasingly prevalent in recent years and may have long-term consequences. This scoping review aimed to determine what information was currently available on the impact of outdoor play on children’s wellbeing. This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) criteria. As many as 165 citations were discovered across six databases for this scoping review, and 13 articles were eligible for inclusion. The majority of the findings showed that outdoor play positively impacts children’s social, emotional, physical, and cognitive development.

Government bureaucrats and ethical conduct in Nigeria’s fourth republic: Implications for good governance Samuel Oni; Celestine Okwudili Abasili; Moyosoluwa Dele-Dada; Charles Osarumwense
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

The recognition that ethical conduct is fundamental to accountability, transparency, fairness, equity, and quality service delivery which are the cornerstones of good governance is the reason for rules and regulations in the Nigerian government’s bureaucracy. This governmental administrative machinery, however, continues to face a crucial challenge of inefficiency and unethical practices. This study interrogates how ethical conducts in Nigerian Civil Service have impacted the country’s quest for good governance. The study anchors on the Weberian bureaucratic theory and engaged secondary data from fifty-one (51) articles gathered and analyzed using systematic review (SR) conducted between August 2021 and February, 2022. Findings reveal the misdemeanor and objectionable manifestations among civil servants despite legal instruments, efforts and reforms by the various successive governments aimed at repositioning it for effective and efficient service delivery. The consequence is the continuous weakening of public institutions, collapse of infrastructures, public distrust of government agencies and a sense of despair by the public. The study argues that building a vibrant civil society through public enlightenment and active and independent media is necessary to perform the crucial oversight role on civil servants in the country. This is pivotal to achieving the much needed good governance in the country.

Non-governmental organizations coalition in influencing global agenda Anthony Eniayejuni; Shona Olalere; Eugene Obiora Eugene
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

This study aims to show how a coalition of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) can influence the human rights agenda. This study relies on the advocacy coalition Framework (ACF) assumption that multiple varieties of actors involved in the policy process may combine to form coalitions. This study examines how Amnesty International (AI), Human Rights Watch (HRW), and the International Crisis Group (ICG) formed a coalition to advocate for measures to address humanitarian crises in Sri Lanka and Darfur. This study employed qualitative research methods and relied on secondary sources related to the topic. The findings show that a coalition formed by human rights organizations can influence policies adopted by the international community and can also influence actions taken by national communities. This study concludes that just as states need to form a coalition with other states or work as “allies” to promote human rights on a national and global level, NGOs also function in a similar manner.

What If It Was You (#WIIWY) digital activism on TikTok to fight gender-based violence online and cyberbullying Fatimatuzzahro Fatimatuzzahro; Zainal Abidin Achmad
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

FISIP 21 created #WIIWY activism in response to the increase in cases of online gender-based violence (KBGO) and cyberbullying during the COVID-19 pandemic. To be able to participate in activism, the public can upload content on the social media TikTok. The #WIIWY movement is gaining traction among the general public. This study explored the motivations of #WIIWY digital activism makers, obtained information about the dissemination of #WIIWY digital activism on TikTok, and the role of TikTok in the process of making digital activism media. This study uses a virtual ethnographic method to explain the cultural behavior of digital activism that is used by users on TikTok. The results of this study indicate that there are several individual motivations involved in #WIIWY activism, namely the suitability with feelings, want to spread awareness about cyberbullying and KBGO, voice the experiences as victims of crime on social media and create a safer and more positive social media environment. The spread of this activism is quite high but its virality is limited at the beginning and is not evenly distributed throughout Indonesia. This study concludes that TikTok plays a role in the media-making process of producing and disseminating #WIIWY activism.

The worth of Javanese conservative leadership in coping with COVID-19 Wawan Sobari
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Current studies discover the difference of response of conservatism to the COVID-19 pandemic situation with, at least, six stigmas, namely practicing conservative politics, high risk public health behavior, lack of trust in science, neglecting mainstream media reports, less support for vaccination, and tendency to stockpile. This fieldwork-based qualitative study aims to explore the conservative political leadership of a village head in dealing with the pandemic situation. Unlike the previous studies, it reveals the village head’s conservative leadership which plays a vital role in coping with the outbreak. Under the influence of Javanese culture and tradition, the practices of leadership have positive impacts on controlling the situation, that are responsiveness, willingness to hear input, empathy, direct engagement, non-discrimination, ability to mobilize village apparatuses and to encourage participation of villagers, and consistent reminders to villagers to adhere to health protocols. The village head operationally practices the values of ngancani (accompanying) and njagongi (hanging out) in his leadership. The findings challenge previous academic works as the leadership adjusts to dominant Javanese conservatism in handling the pandemic. It negates the view of difference of conservatism’s response to the outbreak. Conservatism, particularly Javanese cultural and traditional values, actually minimizes the differences of social identity among villagers.

Adaptation of the political economy of the grassroots Tionghoa ethnic in Bangka Island, Indonesia Ibrahim Ibrahim; Arief Hidayat; Herza Herza
Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35 No. 4 (2022): Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik
Publisher : Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Airlangga

Since the 17th century, various Tionghoa ethnic groups migrated from mainland China to Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. These ethnic groups migrated in accordance with the power in government. In Bangka Island, the Tionghoa had become part of the tin exploitation process hundreds of years before colonization. When new policies and changes are made on tin mining by the government, it negatively affects the socioeconomic life of this ethnic group, which was initially known as tin laborers. This study aims to determine the adaptation of the Tionghoa political economy in Bangka Island. The research method used is qualitative with literature review, interview, and observation as the data collecting technique conducted from January to December 2021. The result showed that the government largely determined the rule of tin by the Tionghoa ethnics. They became partners, administrators, illegal and main players during the Palembang Sultanate, colonial period, Old and New Orders, and the post-1998 reform period. This study discovered that Tionghoa at the elite and grassroots levels are actually different. In general, this study concludes that the Chinese at the grassroots tend to be distant from the advantages of tin due to limited capital and access.

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