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INDONESIA
Science and Technology Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25804405     EISSN : 25804391     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, July, October). Science and Technology Indonesia is an international scholarly journal on the field of science and technology aimed to publish a high-quality scientific paper including original research papers, reviews, short communication, and technical notes. This journal welcomes the submission of articles that covers a typical subject of natural science and technology such as: > Chemistry > Biology > Physics > Marine Science > Pharmacy > Chemical Engineering > Environmental Science and Engineering > Computational Engineering > Biotechnology Journal Commencement: October 2016
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 616 Documents
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The Relation of Tribinomial Coefficients with Triangular, Catalan and Mersenne Number Wamiliana; Putri, Desiana; Notiragayu
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.750-757

Abstract

Numbers are inseparable from mathematics. Each of these types of numbers has its own distinct definition and properties. Numbers are not only used in mathematics, but are also essential in other fields such as philosophy, technology, and science. Tribinomial coefficients, Catalan numbers, and Mersenne numbers are three types of numbers that has their own uniqueness and beauty. Tribinomial coefficients derived from triangular number using similar definition for binomial coefficients. Triangular numbers constitute a class of figurative numbers derived from the systematic arrangement of discrete units (such as dots) into the geometric configuration of an equilateral triangle. The Catalan numbers constitute a sequence of positive integers that emerge in numerous combinatorial enumeration problems. Formally, the n-th Catalan number is defined by the closed-form expression: $C_n = \frac{1}{n+1} \binom{2n}{n}= \frac{(2n)!}{(n+1)!n!}, n \in N$. Mersenne numbers are the numbers known in mathematics that also have their own beauty and uniqueness. When represented using binary, all Mersenne numbers are repeating 1s. The first eight Mersenne numbers are 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, which are represented in binary as 1, 11, 111, 1111, 11111, 111111, 1111111, 11111111. In this study the relationship of Tribinomial coefficients with Catalan and Marsenne numbers will be disccused.
LEDs with Organized InGaN Nanopylons Generating within Green, Yellow, as well as Blue Region Phan Xuan Le; Nguyen Huy Khiem
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.827-843

Abstract

The creation of structured settings for InGaN/GaN (I/G) nano-pylon diodes emit illumination (LED) within the green, yellow, as well as blue (GYB) spectrum regions using molecular beam epitaxy has been described. Compared with InGaN (planar) sheets of identical structure and thickness, the gadget’s working area, including one nano-pylon InGaN part for titularly identical element as well as lengthiness between 250 and 500 nm, would be unaffected by prolonged problems. Electroluminescent hue ranges indicate a minor blue change with rising power (nearly non-existent in the yellow gadget) and line wideness that are marginally wider than those of modern InGaN quantum wells. InGaN was also utilized in a phosphor-transmuted white LED (WLED) to enhance its optical attributes such as scattering, lumen, and color rendition. It was found that InGaN has its own advantages and limitations. It was found that adjusting the InGaN discharge to 460 nm would benefit the lumen and color rendition of the WLED under a particle size of 9 µm, while a 450-nm discharge would promote scattering, both of which better match the human sight.
Spectrophotometry vs Digital Image Colorimetry: Analytical Challenges, Standardization, and Emerging Intelligent Frameworks Faja Manafiaddin; Nazriati; Hadi Nur
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.940-954

Abstract

Colorimetric analysis provides a rapid and cost-effective approach for monitoring chemical reactions and determining analyte concentrations. This review examines the strengths and limitations of conventional spectrophotometric methods, known for high precision but high cost and low portability, against digital image colorimetry (DIC). DIC, utilizing smartphones and other portable imaging devices, offers advantages in portability, low operational cost, and alignment with Green Analytical Chemistry principles. However, its analytical performance is often influenced by illumination variability, differences between imaging devices, color-space selection, and calibration strategies. This paper reviews recent developments in DIC, including hardware platforms, color-space transformations, and advanced data processing approaches used to improve analytical performance. Furthermore, to evaluate analytical reliability, this review introduces a novel fuzzy logic-based qualitative reasoning framework. Using a Mamdani-type inference system, the model evaluates the complex interactions between four key variables: lighting stability, device consistency, color-space robustness, and calibration strength. The framework demonstrates that DIC can achieve a "Good" analytical reliability score when lighting is moderately controlled, color-space selection is robust, and calibration strategies are sufficiently strong. However, uncontrolled device variability remains a limiting factor preventing systems from reaching an "Excellent" reliability category, highlighting the ongoing need for methodological standardization in digital colorimetric technologies.
Development of a Potential Prebiotic Film Based on Sago Flour and Kepok Plantain Peel Starch with Prebiotic Properties to Support Lactobacillus plantarum Growth Miksusanti; Rennie Puspa Novita; Rizki Palupi; Syaflina Lamin; Eliza; Rizkika Amelia; Daniel Alfarado
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.1068-1078

Abstract

Innovative prebiotic carriers that can be directly integrated into foods are increasingly sought for functional food development. This study developed prebiotic starch films using sago flour and starch from kepok plantain (Musa paradisiaca) peel, designed as intrinsic prebiotic components rather than packaging. Films were formulated with 1%, 3%, and 5% plantain peel starch and characterized for physicochemical properties, morphology, and their prebiotic effect on Lactobacillus plantarum. Higher starch concentrations increased film thickness (0.13–0.18 mm) and moisture content (11.42–16.24%), while significantly decreasing water solubility (55.31–41.14%) (p < 0.05). Tensile strength was low (0.17–0.27MPa) and elongation high (89.28–178.10%). FTIR confirmed polysaccharide functional groups; SEM revealed heterogeneous fibrous structures. Resistant starch in films (1.89–3.76%) was lower than raw starch (38.91%) due to gelatinization. The 5% starch film supported the highest L. plantarum viability (26 × 108 CFU/mL), compared to 3% (23 × 108 CFU/mL) and 1% (21 × 108 CFU/mL), demonstrating that plantain peel starch acts as an effective intrinsic prebiotic without commercial prebiotics. The composite film shows potential as active packaging or a probiotic carrier in functional foods, although mechanical and water barrier optimization is still required.
Effect of Deformation by Wire Drawing on the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Aluminum Lazhar Yahia; Fatima Zohra Benlahreche; Wahid Kaddouri; Elamine Nouicer; Sihem Abderrahmane; Lyamine Briki; Mosbah Zidani
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.894-902

Abstract

This research investigates the influence of cold wire drawing on the electromechanical properties of high-purity (99.7%) aluminum conductors. Aluminum wires were subjected to progressive plastic deformation, with cross-sectional reduction rates ranging from 11.25% to 88.44%. The results demonstrate that mechanical deformation significantly enhances the ultimate tensile strength, reaching a peak value of 116.14 MPa and a Vickers hardness of 57.63 HV at the maximum reduction rate. Conversely, a marked reduction in elongation at break was observed, indicating a loss of ductility due to intense work hardening. Regarding electrical performance, the study reveals that electrical resistivity increases by only 0.87% over the full deformation range, while electrical conductivity exhibits a proportional decline. This degradation in transport properties is physically attributed to the increased density of lattice defects (dislocations) acting as electron scattering centers. These findings highlight the critical trade-off between mechanical reinforcement and electrical efficiency, providing essential data for the optimization of high-performance conductors for power transmission.
Construction of Binary Linear Codes from Zero Divisor Graphs Vira Hari Krisnawati; Ardi Nur Hidayat; Muhammad Husnul Khuluq
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.784-794

Abstract

Binary linear codes play an essential role in communication systems by ensuring reliable data transmission. One approach to constructing binary linear codes is through graph theory. In this paper, we study the construction of binary linear codes derived from the incidence matrices of zero divisor graphs of the rings Z(pᵅ) and Z(pᵅqᵝ), where p, q are prime numbers and α, β ≥ 1 are integers. We analyze the parameters of the resulting binary linear codes, such as their length, dimension, and minimum distance. Furthermore, we investigate some examples of the constructed codes. To justify their theoretical and practical relevance, we perform an optimality analysis comparing the constructed codes with classical bounds. All evaluated codes strictly satisfy the Hamming sphere-packing bound. This work offers a new contribution to the study of linear codes by combining ideas from algebra, graph theory, and coding theory.
The Locating-Chromatic Number of Disjoint Union of Cycles Des Welyyanti; Muhammad Rafif Fajri; Latifa Azhar Abel; Lyra Yulianti; Aisyah Nurinsani; Dony Permana
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.1046-1053

Abstract

Chartrand et al. introduced the idea of the locating-chromatic number of connected graphs in 2002. Let c be a disconnected graph H with k-coloring. Let S_i be the set of all vertices that get color i and let Phi be the partition of V(H) induced by c. The color code C_Phi(v)=(d(v,S_1), d(v,S_2), ..., d(v,S_k)) of a vertex v, where d(v,S_k)=min{d(v,x)} . The locating k-coloring of H is denoted by c if all vertices in H have unique distinct color codes. Welyyanti et al. in 2014 expanded on this idea so that it also applies to unconnected graphs. In this work, for n=>3 and m=>2, we calculate the locating-chromatic number of the disjoint union of cycles, represented by mC_n.
Product Development of Diffusion Solution from Citrus reticulata Blanco Essential Oil Tran Thien Hien; Nguyen Nam Do; Mai Huynh Cang
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.915-926

Abstract

The aim of this study was to develop a diffuser solution product from Citrus reticulata Blanco essential oil, which was recovered by hydrodistillation. The hydrodistillation process was influenced by factors such as: raw material grinding time (grinding for 40s); raw material/solvent ratio (1/3 g/mL); raw material moisture content (70%), and extraction time (120 min) with an essential oil content of 0.254 mL/g dw. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 21 chemical components in Citrus reticulata essential oil were identified, of which the main compound was limonene, accounting for 94.64%. Thanks to its biological activities, Citrus reticulata essential oil is widely used in the field of developing household care products, including diffuser solutions. The results showed that with the IPM base oil content of 25%, the essential oil content of 40%, and the emulsifier PEG-40 of 20% combined with 96% ethanol at a content of 5%, preserved in a dark glass bottle to bring a product with good sensory scores in terms of uniformity, scent, and volatility. The diffuser solution product created helps to utilize the by-product material from Citrus reticulata peel to produce essential oil, contributing to increasing the usage value of the Citrus reticulata tree. This study is novel in that it combines hydrodistillation-process selection with the formulation of a passive diffuser solution from Citrus reticulata peels by-products, thereby connecting essential-oil recovery with aroma-delivery design in a single product-oriented workflow.
Numerical Solution of the Gardner Equation Using the Method of Lines and an Improved Fifth-Order Runge-Kutta Scheme Dismahayuna Pratyamifta Naisya Putri; Ummu Habibah
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.903-914

Abstract

The Gardner equation is a nonlinear partial differential equation that arises in the modeling of nonlinear dispersive wave phenomena. Analytical solutions of this equation are limited to specific cases, which motivates the development of reliable numerical approaches. This study presents a numerical scheme based on the Method of Lines combined with an Improved Runge-Kutta method of order five to solve the Gardner equation. Spatial discretization is performed using second-order central finite difference schemes, which transform the governing equation into a system of ordinary differential equations. The resulting system is integrated in time using the fifth-order Improved Runge-Kutta method to achieve high accuracy and computational efficiency. Simulations targeting solitary pulse and kink-like wave solutions reveal that the MOL-IRK5 scheme consistently outperforms the classical MOL-RK4 method. The numerical results show strong agreement with the exact solutions at all observed time levels. Wave profiles are preserved during propagation, and no spurious oscillations are observed. Global error measures, including the maximum error, mean absolute error, and root mean square error, remain small throughout the simulation interval, indicating stable numerical performance. The results demonstrate that the proposed MOL-IRK5 scheme provides accurate and efficient approximations for different types of Gardner equation solutions. The numerical approach presented in this study offers a reliable framework for solving nonlinear dispersive equations and can be extended to more complex mathematical models in applied science and engineering.
Structural Modification of Bentonite by Rice Husk Biochar for Enhanced Methylene Blue Removal under Visible Irradiation Neza Rahayu Palapa; Elsa Irma Esthomihi Manurung; Yulizah Hanifah; Davin Philo
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 3 (2026): July
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.3.972-981

Abstract

The development of sustainable and low-cost materials for wastewater treatment remains an important environmental challenge. In this study, a bentonite-biochar (Bnt–Bc) composite was prepared through structural modification of bentonite using rice husk–derived biochar followed by KOH-assisted activation. The physicochemical properties of the materials were systematically characterized using XRD, BET, FTIR, SEM, and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The results revealed that biochar incorporation modified the interlayer structure of bentonite, resulting in reduced crystallinity, pore structure alteration, and the introduction of additional oxygen-containing functional groups. These structural changes contributed to improved surface reactivity and enhanced interaction with dye molecules. The performance of the materials was evaluated for methylene blue (MB) removal under Visible Light irradiation. The Bnt–Bc composite exhibited significantly higher removal efficiency compared to pristine bentonite and biochar, achieving up to 98% MB removal within 150 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that the removal process followed a pseudo-first-order model. The enhanced performance is attributed to the combined effects of improved adsorption capacity, surface functional groups, and photo-assisted degradation under Visible Light irradiation. This study demonstrates that biochar modified bentonite composites derived from agricultural waste represent a promising and environmentally friendly material for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment.

Page 59 of 62 | Total Record : 616

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