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INDONESIA
Science and Technology Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sriwijaya
ISSN : 25804405     EISSN : 25804391     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Physics
An international Peer-review journal in the field of science and technology published by The Indonesian Science and Technology Society. Science and Technology Indonesia is a member of Crossref with DOI prefix number: 10.26554/sti. Science and Technology Indonesia publishes quarterly (January, April, July, October). Science and Technology Indonesia is an international scholarly journal on the field of science and technology aimed to publish a high-quality scientific paper including original research papers, reviews, short communication, and technical notes. This journal welcomes the submission of articles that covers a typical subject of natural science and technology such as: > Chemistry > Biology > Physics > Marine Science > Pharmacy > Chemical Engineering > Environmental Science and Engineering > Computational Engineering > Biotechnology Journal Commencement: October 2016
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 581 Documents
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Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Polyethersulfone Nanofibers Loaded with Reduced Graphene Oxide from Palm Kernel Shell forWastewater Filtration Dani, Rahma; Almafie, Muhammad Rama; Mataram, Agung; Lamura, M. Danny Pratama; Akhsan, Hamdi; Marlina, Leni; Fudholi, Ahmad; Ismail, Ahmad Fauzi; Sriyanti, Ida
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.457-480

Abstract

The development of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)–Polyethersulfone (PES) nanofiber membranes loaded with Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO) offers an innovative and sustainable solution for water filtration. This study synthesized and characterized PAN–PES loaded rGO nanofiber membranes using an electrospinning technique. A PAN–PES mixture (8:2 mass ratio) at 10–20 wt% served as the matrix, with 48 mg of rGO added. The membranes were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical testing, water absorption, immersion resistance, and clean water permeability (CWP). The resulting nanofibers exhibited defect-free, bead-free, and uniform morphology with diameters ranging from 389 to 757 nm. FTIR confirmed hydrogen bonding between PAN–PES and rGO, while XRD showed sharp peaks with a maximum crystallinity of 33.52%. The membrane displayed a Young’s modulus of 57.83 MPa and remained stable after 32 days of immersion. It demonstrated superhydrophilic behavior with a contact angle of 72.4o to 74.3o, sustaining a stable water flux at 6.0 bar for 60 min, yielding a permeability of 3.25 to 23 L/m2.h.bar and an equilibrium water content of 69 to 91%. Surface morphology before and after wastewater filtration revealed effective contaminant capture and strong antifouling resistance. These results confirm that PAN–PES loaded rGO nanofiber membranes possess excellent mechanical stability, high permeability, and superior wettability, providing a promising pathway for advanced, sustainable water filtration applications.
Non-Inclusive and Inclusive Distance Irregularity Strength of Complement and Split Graphs Maryati, Tita Khalis; Fakhrurrozi, Fawwaz
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.652-660

Abstract

Let $f$ be a map from vertices of a graph $G$ to number from $1$ to $k$. The labeling $f$ is called distance irregular if for every two vertices $x$ and $y$, it holds that $wt_f(u) \ne wt_f(v)$ where a weight $wt_f(u)$ is defined as the sum of labels of the neighbors of $u$. Moreover, the labeling $f$ is called inclusive distance irregular if for every two vertices $x$ and $y$, $wt_f(u) \ne wt_f(v)$ with a weight $wt_f(u)$ is defined as the sum of the label of $u$ and the labels of the neighbors of $u$. The least number $k$ where there exists a distance irregular labeling (resp. inclusive distance irregular labeling) is called a distance irregularity strength (inclusive distance irregularity strength), denoted by $\text{dis}(G)$ $(\widehat{\text{dis}}(G))$. In this paper, we present a connection of distance irregular labeling and inclusive distance irregular labeling in a graph with its complement. In particular, we derive a new upper bound for distance irregularity strength and inclusive distance irregularity strength of any graph. Further, we determine the $\text{dis}(G)$ and $\widehat{\text{dis}}(G)$ for certain special family of split graph $G$ and provide examples of a graph $G$ satisfying $\text{dis}(G) = \widehat{\text{dis}}(G)$.
Sustainable Corrosion Protection of Stainless Steel 316L in Marine Environment Using Electrophoretically Deposited Garlic Extract Green Inhibitor: Electrochemical and Surface Analysis Arwati, IG. Ayu; Ginting, Dianta; Feriyanto, Dafit; Golwa, Gian Villany; Yuliarty, Popi; Tarigan, Kontan; Damar, Stenlly; Khuzaimah; Mashadi, Mashadi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.447-456

Abstract

The increasing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitors has driven research toward green alternatives to conventional toxic inhibitors. This study investigates the corrosion protection performance of garlic extract (Allium sativum) as an eco-friendly green inhibitor for stainless steel 316L in 3.5% NaCl marine environment. The inhibition efficiency was evaluated using electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization techniques, complemented by comprehensive surface characterization through scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry analysis. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was employed to apply garlic extract concentrations of 8, 10, and 12 mL onto SS316L specimens. Results demonstrated significant corrosion rate reduction from 0.0082732 mmpy (unprotected specimen) to 0.0014547 mmpy with 12 mL garlic extract treatment, achieving maximum inhibition efficiency of 82%. EIS revealed substantial increase in charge transfer resistance (>170 kΩ), while electrochemical analysis demonstrated mixed-type inhibition behavior with reduced corrosion current densities. SEM-EDX confirmed the formation of protective Fe2+-allicin complex layers on the metal surface, while Raman spectroscopy showed substantial reduction in corrosion products (a-Fe2O3 and y-FeOOH) formation. Cyclic voltammetry demonstrated a five-order-of-magnitude reduction in diffusion rate, confirming exceptional barrier properties. The superior performance is attributed to the chemisorption of sulfur and oxygen-containing compounds in allicin molecules onto active steel sites, forming stable protective films. This green inhibitor demonstrates excellent potential for sustainable corrosion protection in marine and industrial applications, offering an environmentally benign alternative to synthetic inhibitors.
Large SiO₂ Sizes Influencing Light Scattering Properties in Original White LED Structure Cong, Pham Hong; Loan, Nguyen Thi Phuong; Lee, Hsiao-Yi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.596-608

Abstract

Previously, SiO₂ particles (1-10 wt%, <10 µm) were proposed to augment the light flux and correlated color temperature (CCT) deviation in conventional blue-excited LEDs. This research paper explores the application of larger SiO₂ particle sizes within a conventional LED model. SiO₂ particles with diameters ranging from 1 µm to 20 µm were analyzed for their scattering properties using the Stöber method, a Mie-scattering-based MATLAB program, and LightTools software to simulate the optical attributes of a phosphor-transmuted WLED apparatus, supported by XRD, SEM, and other analytical techniques. SiO₂ was integrated into the yellow phosphor YAG:Ce layer to induce scattering phenomena within the active layer. Through our investigation, the concentrations of SiO₂ and YAG:Ce phosphor were consistently maintained at 5 wt% and 10 wt%, respectively. Our findings focus on assessing backward scattering with larger SiO₂ sizes. Modulating the sizes of SiO₂ spheres reduced CCT deviation and enhanced both flux output and color rendering performance. These results emphasize the potential utility of larger SiO₂ particles in enhancing white LED performance and facilitate further investigation to optimize their usability in production processes.
Anticancer Efficacy of a Combination of Curcuma longa L. Rhizome and Annona muricata L. Leaf Extracts Against T47D Cells Pebriani, Sonia Ardilla; Bhagawan, Weka Sidha; Prastiyanto, Muhammad Evy; Rukmana, Rizal Maarif; Pratiwi, Rarastoeti; Suhendi, Andi
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.405-419

Abstract

Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. The use of combinations of natural products is increasingly recognized as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa L.) and soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) are two natural materials known for their anticancer potential. This study aimed to identify the phytochemical constituents of turmeric rhizome and soursop leaf extracts and to evaluate the anticancer activity of their combination against T47D breast cancer cells. Turmeric and soursop leaves were extracted with 96% ethanol using the maceration method. Raw material standardization was performed by measuring water content, ethanol-soluble content, and water-soluble content. The extract was standardized by thin-layer chromatography. T47D and Vero cell lines were used in this study. Compound identification was performed using Liquid Chromatography–Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (LC/Q-TOF-MS). The candidate combination ratio was determined using the simplex lattice design approach in Design Expert 13 software. Cytotoxicity and antiproliferative effects were assessed using the MTT assay, while antimetastatic potential was evaluated through the scratch assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest were analyzed by flow cytometry. IC_50 data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, and post hoc testing was performed using Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. Antiproliferation and scratch assay data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test. Apoptosis and cell cycle assay data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test. Phytochemical profiling indicated the existence of fifteen chemicals in both turmeric rhizome and soursop leaf extracts. The candidate combination ratio of turmeric rhizome to soursop leaf extracts was 1:21, exhibiting cytotoxic activity with an IC50 value of 32.2 ± 2.5 ug/mL. The combined extract was associated with antiproliferative, anti-migratory, and pro-apoptotic responses and induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in T47D cells.
Microwave-Assisted Cocrystallization of p-Methoxycinnamic Acid with Saccharin and Nicotinamide: Comparative Effects on Solubility and Dissolution Paramanandana, Abhimata; Kawaguchi , Kurnia; Sulistyowaty, Melanny Ika; Setyawan, Dwi; Almaghrabi, Marey
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.436-446

Abstract

p-methoxycinnamic acid (pMCA) has activity as an anti- inflammatory and analgesic but is difficult to dissolve in water with a solubility of only 0.712 mg/mL at 25 oC. Poor solubility will result a low dissolution rate so that drug absorption becomes limited, affects the bioavailability, and causes therapeutic effect to become less optimal. The formation of co-crystals are able to improve the solubility properties and dissolution rate by physically modifying the active compound. Cocrystals are crystalline materials composed of two or more molecules at specific stoichiometric ratios to form non-covalent bonds. Both saccharin and nicotinamide can be use as coformers because saccharin and nicotinamide were able to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of active compounds due to the formation of non-covalent bonds. The results showed that the formation of cocrystals using the microwave radiation had a higher solubility and dissolution rate of pMCA compared to pure pMCA. The pMCA-nicotinamide cocrystal increased solubility 1.29 times higher than a single pMCA while the pMCA-saccharin cocrystal increased solubility only 1.26 times higher than a single pMCA. In the dissolution rate test, the pMCA-Nicotinamide cocrystal increased the dissolution rate 3.67 times higher while the pMCA-Saccharin only increased 3.55 times higher than a single pMCA. These results show that both cocrystals have better solubility and dissolution rate properties than pure pMCA so it can be said that forming cocrystals can increase the solubility and dissolution rate of pMCA. Based on this study findings, it can also confirm that formation cocrystal pMCA using nicotinamide coformers has agood solubility and dissolution rate than formation cocrystal using saccharin coformers.
Biopotential of Gorontalo Hulu’u Fish (Giuris margaritacea) Albumin in a Novel Spray Gel Formulation for the Treatment of BurnWounds: In Vivo Evaluation in Rats Paneo, Mohamad Aprianto; Djuwarno, Endah Nurrohwinta; Habibie, Sitty Ainsyah; Thomas, Nurain; Latif, Multiani S.; Munafri, Nur Alifia Karina; Anasiru, Rayhan Firman
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.389-404

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of different concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin-based spray gels in promoting wound healing in burn injuries in male white rats. The formulations included 10%, 15%, and 20% concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin, which were compared to a commercial snakehead fish albumin gel (positive control) and a spray gel base without albumin (negative control). Wound diameter reduction was assessed over seven days. The results indicated a clear dose response relationship, with the 20% Hulu’u fish albumin formulation (F3) achieving the most significant reduction in wound diameter, averaging 1.57 mm (range: 1.5–1.6 mm), representing a 91.8% improvement compared to the negative control group, which showed an average reduction of 19.13 mm (range: 18.1–19.7 mm). The Positive Control (snakehead fish albumin gel) demonstrated a moderate reduction with an average of 6.97 mm (range: 6.6–7.6 mm). The 10% Hulu’u fish albumin (F1) and 15% Hulu’u fish albumin (F2) formulations showed moderate improvements, with average reductions of 4.73 mm (range: 4.4–5.1 mm) and 4.5 mm (range: 4.7–3.9 mm), respectively. These findings suggest that higher concentrations of Hulu’u fish albumin, particularly the 20% formulation, offer superior wound healing properties, outperforming both the negative control and the commercial snakehead fish albumin gel. The study highlights the potential of Hulu’u fish albumin as a novel bioactive compound for burn wound treatment and warrants further investigation for clinical applications.
Synthesis, In-Vitro Evaluation, and Computational Investigation of Salicylic Hydrazide Derivatives as Potential Tyrosine Kinase–Targeted Anticancer Agents Sulistyowaty, Melanny; Tri Widiandani; Albertus Aditya Setiawan; Seow Lay Jing; Neny Purwitasari; Ferlinahayati; Dwi Setyawan; Galih Satrio Putra; Anastasia Wheni Indrianingsih
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.609-620

Abstract

A series of N2-acyl salicylic hydrazides (S2-S6) and N-(substituted benzylidene) salicylic hydrazides (S7-S9) were synthesized from 2-hydroxybenzohydrazide (S1), using both microwave irradiation and conventional methods, and tested for its in vitro anticancer activity against human lung cancer cell, A549. The salicylic hydrazides were successfully synthesized in good yields (79–98%) and the in-vitro study results indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N'-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)benzohydrazide (S5) was most active among the tested compounds (IC50 value of 68.75 µM). In this work, we applied an integrated approach combining network pharmacology and computational analysis to explore how salicylic hydrazide derivatives affect tyrosine kinase–related pathways. The in-silico findings were in agreement with the in vitro results, indicating that compound S5 produced a docking score of –6.53468 kcal/mol. The findings of this research are expected to support further development toward identifying promising anticancer drug candidates derived from salicylic hydrazide derivatives.
Anticancer Activity of Trisubstituted Pyrazoline Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterisation, and Computational Studies Mazal, Sabah Motrud; Al Shuhaib, Zainab; Alharis, Raed Awad; Hussein, Kawkab Ali; Ismail, Sadiq Muhammad Hassan
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.661-676

Abstract

The search for new anticancer drugs that target apoptotic and autoimmune pathways is essential, as these pathways are crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and destroying cancer cells. In this study, eight trisubstituted pyrazoline derivatives (2a-d and 3e-h) were synthesised through a cyclocondensation reaction of chalcones with hydrazide derivatives (hydrazine hydrate and phenyl hydrazide). These derivatives were characterised using EI-MS, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR (both 1D and 2D), and ¹⁹F NMR spectra. Their cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 tumour cell line was tested with the MTT assay. The results showed that compounds 2a-d had the most potent inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cell growth, with IC50 values of 19.46, 29.45, 44.15, and 26.37 µg/mL after 24 hours of exposure. Among them, compound 2a was the most potent. In comparison, compounds 3e-h had significantly higher IC50 values of 101.67, 75.99, 102.83, and 99.54 µg/mL, respectively, than the reference drug doxorubicin, which has an IC50 of 1.24 µg/mL. Additionally, docking of compound 2a showed good binding affinity values with the protein (PDB ID: 5T92) amino acid residues in different interactions: H-donor, H-acceptor, and H-pi, as well as two H-acceptor and pi-H interactions with the water and other amino acids. The most favourable binding pose corresponded to the lowest ΔG and exhibited robust pose quality. The molecular structures of compounds 2a-d were optimised using the B3LYP functional and the 6-311+G(d) basis set, and their quantum chemical properties were analysed through molecular orbital studies.
On Vertex-Degree-Based Topological Indices of Cayley Digraphs of Rectangular Groups and Their Role as Molecular Descriptors Pongpipat, Denpong; Nupo, Nuttawoot
Science and Technology Indonesia Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): April
Publisher : Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26554/sti.2026.11.2.732-741

Abstract

Let Cay(S,A) be the Cayley digraph of a finite rectangular group S with connection set A. We derive explicit formulas for several vertex-degree–based topological indices of these digraphs, including the Randić, Zagreb, sum-connectivity, geometric–arithmetic, atom–bond connectivity, and harmonic indices. The computations are reduced to Cayley digraphs of right groups, which simplifies the analysis. The underlying graphs are shown to be isomorphic to the hydrogen–included molecular graphs of cycloalkanes CnH2n. We prove that all considered indices depend linearly on the ring size n, exhibit stable growth, and differ only in their growth rates. Comparisons between related graph models illustrate the dependence of these indices on the underlying structure and support their interpretation as molecular descriptors, with possible relevance to QSAR/QSPR studies.

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