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All Journal Morality :Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Tambun Bungai Belom Bahadat : Jurnal Hukum Agama Hindu Inicio Legis : Jurnal Hukum Vyavahara Duta Satya Dharma: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum International Proceeding On Religion, Culture, Law, Education, And Hindu Studies
Alfred Yetno
Institut Agama Hindu Negeri Tampung Penyang Palangka Raya
Religion Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences

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The Validity of Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts as Agreements from the Perspective of the Indonesian Civil Code Alfred Yetno
Inicio Legis Fakultas Hukum Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Vol 7, No 1 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Trunojoyo Madura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21107/il.v7i1.34521

Abstract

The development of blockchain technology has given rise to innovations in digital transaction systems in the form of smart contracts, namely electronic contracts based on programming code that are capable of automatically executing the contents of agreements without the involvement of third parties. This study analyzes the validity of smart contracts as agreements under the Indonesian Civil Code, evidentiary mechanisms, breach of contract, and legal protection for the parties. This normative legal research applies a statutory approach through an examination of the Civil Code, the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and literature concerning blockchain and smart contracts. The study finds that smart contracts may be recognized as valid agreements provided they satisfy Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code: consent, legal capacity, a specific object, and a lawful cause. However, their use faces challenges, including coding errors, user anonymity, electronic evidence, legal liability, and dispute jurisdiction. Specific regulations on smart contracts and blockchain are therefore necessary to ensure legal certainty, legal protection, and appropriate dispute-resolution mechanisms for modern digital transactions in Indonesia
Co-Authors ., Mala Edelweisia Cristiana Efendi, Affan Jaya, King On Putra Jaya Jesica, Jennie Kristanto, Kiki Ni Made Anggi Arlina Putri Ni Nyoman Rahmawati Ririn Kurniasi Ririn Kurniasi Trimortiono, Eko Basuki