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Maharani, Dinda Mutiara
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Education Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Association of the VEGF +405C/G gene polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in an Indonesian (Yogyakarta) population Supanji, Supanji; Romdhoniyyah, Dewi Fathin; Maharani, Dinda Mutiara; Putri, Aurelia Priscilla Regita; Felisha, Hifdza Faza; Indrawati, Vera Nurohmah; Hasanah, Ummi Noor; Widya, Shanti; Imawati, Nurul; Aribowo, Eko; Adisetiadi, Agit Seno; Revana, Eva; Winarti, Tri; Ikhsan, Muhammad Robikhul; Susanti, Vina Yanti; Prayogo, Mohammad Eko; Wardhana, Firman Setya; Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu
Journal of Community Empowerment for Health Vol 9, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jcoemph.113213

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major cause of vision loss, and while chronic hyperglycemia drives its pathogenesis, inconsistent findings on the VEGF +405G/C polymorphism and the absence of Indonesian data highlight the need to clarify potential genetic susceptibility. The purpose is to determine the association between the VEGF +405C/G rs2010963 gene polymorphism and the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in an Indonesian population.Methods: Our observational case-control study enrolled 100 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients (50 DR patients vs. 50 non-DR)  who underwent comprehensive clinical and ophthalmic examinations. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and the VEGF +405C/G rs2010963 polymorphism was genotyped using RFLP-PCR, with results confirmed by sequencing.Results: Our study included a total of 100 participants with no significant differences in baseline characteristics other than poorer visual acuity and significantly higher LDL and lower HDL levels in the DR case group. Allelic and genotypic distributions of the VEGF +405 rs2010963 polymorphism were similar between both groups, with HWE equilibrium analysis showing no significant deviation. Neither crude (GG; crude OR 0.32 [0.87 - 1.21]), age and sex-adjusted analysis (0.41 [0.11 - 1.60]), nor blood pressure, HbA1c level, BMI, and smoking status-adjusted OR of 0.38 (0.70 - 2.06), demonstrated a significant association between VEGF +405 rs2010963 polymorphisms and DR risk in our cohorts.Conclusion: Our study suggests that VEGF +405C/G polymorphisms may not serve as an independent risk factor for DR in the Indonesian population.
Co-Authors Adisetiadi, Agit Seno Eko Aribowo Felisha, Hifdza Faza Hasanah, Ummi Noor Ikhsan, Muhammad Robikhul Imawati, Nurul Indrawati, Vera Nurohmah Mohammad Eko Prayogo Putri, Aurelia Priscilla Regita Revana, Eva Romdhoniyyah, Dewi Fathin Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu Supanji, Supanji Susanti, Vina Yanti Tri Winarti Wardhana, Firman Setya Widya, Shanti