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All Journal IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
Indrawati, Vera Nurohmah
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Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health

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Interleukin-1 (ɑ&β) Polymorphism and Bevacizumab Response in Neovascular AMD: Jogja Ageing and Genomic AMD Determinant (JAGAD) Study Number 4 Supanji, Supanji; Romdhoniyyah, Dewi Fathin; Alvionita, Yola Aulia; Salsabila, Kayla Prihatka; Anggraeni, Septya Olivia; Ar-Rosyid, Dewi Megarani; Indrawati, Vera Nurohmah; Qonitatun H., Khairunnissaa'; Mufidana, Neilil Muna; Anindita, Dinda Ajeng; Nursawitri, Syania; Syahriza, Sekar; Felisha, Hifdza Faza; Prayogo, Mohammad Eko; Wardhana, Firman Setya; Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu; Oka, Chio
International Journal of Retina Vol 9 No 1 (2026): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS
Publisher : Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2026.vol009.iss001.340

Abstract

Introduction: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene polymorphisms may influence anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) by modulating inflammatory pathways. This study evaluated associations between IL-1 (ɑ&β) and anatomical outcomes following intravitreal bevacizumab. Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective study involving 84 eyes from 71 nAMD patients at three tertiary hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Patients were categorized as responders or non-responders according to whether they achieved a >10% reduction in central macular thickness (CMT) one month post-bevacizumab injection. Peripheral blood samples were collected for DNA extraction and genotyping. Results: Responders demonstrated significantly greater CMT improvement despite having higher baseline values (389.0 µM) compared to non-responders (303.0 µM, p=0.033). At one-month follow-up, responders achieved substantially lower CMT measurements (257.0 µM, p=0.002). The IL-1ɑ risk genotype was not detected in both groups. In addition, the genotype distribution for IL-1ɑ showed no statistical significance difference across age, sex, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and CMT. Genetic analysis revealed that carriers of the IL-1β T allele showed a 39% lower probability of being non-responders (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.32-1.16). The CT and TT genotypes demonstrated even stronger trends, with 34% (OR 0.66; 95% CI 0.15-2.88) and 67% (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.06-1.72) reduced probabilities of non-response, respectively. However, these associations did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a potential protective effect of the IL-1β -511C/T polymorphism against poor response to bevacizumab therapy, though statistical significance was not achieved. Further investigation with larger sample sizes is necessary to confirm the predictive value of IL-1 genetic variations for anti-VEGF treatment outcomes in nAMD patients.
Co-Authors Alvionita, Yola Aulia Anggraeni, Septya Olivia Anindita, Dinda Ajeng Ar-Rosyid, Dewi Megarani Chio Oka, Chio Felisha, Hifdza Faza Mohammad Eko Prayogo Mufidana, Neilil Muna Nursawitri, Syania Qonitatun H., Khairunnissaa' Romdhoniyyah, Dewi Fathin Salsabila, Kayla Prihatka Sasongko, Muhammad Bayu Supanji, Supanji Syahriza, Sekar Wardhana, Firman Setya